A Escola Rural em Espanha na primeira fase do franquismo (1939-1951)

Após a guerra civil espanhola (1936-1939), durante os anos de 1939 a 1951, assistimos em Espanha a um período de dura repressão contra todas as manifestações educativas republicanas, socialistas e de esquerda. Ao mesmo tempo, por razões de isolamento face ao exterior, de sobrevivência económica, e de construção ideológica e política do novo Estado fascista, a Espanha ruraliza-se. A escola rural vai ocupar, durante estes anos, um lugar central e de relevo no novo modelo educativo do regime de Franco. Será o coração da nova educaçõa fascista.palavras-chave: Educação; Espanha; Estado fascista; escola rural

Abstracts

Tradução, para a língua inglesa dos resumos dos artigos incluídos no número 12 da Revista Lusófona de Educação

DisTecD, a journal for the dissemination of design and technology for development

DisTecD is a scientific journal ealing with design and technology for human development. Its principal objective is the dissemination of topics related to design and industrial and civil engineering that contribute in any sense to human development. Special emphasis is given to social technology. Every article published in this electronic journal is reviewed by at least two editors. The journal is freely accessible via the POLI-RED platform of the University Politechnic of Madrid

Una contribución a la cooperación al desarrollo desde la universidad en agua y saneamiento

El creciente sector de las tecnologías aplicadas al desarrollo humano (a menudo llamadas tecnologías sociales), necesita de la colaboración entre los distintos actores y agentes implicados en el mismo, entre ellos la comunidad universitaria. Este universo cooperativo cambiante, se ha ido adaptando progresivamente, desde hace varias décadas, hasta haber alcanzado un apreciable grado de madurez, caracterizado por un buen número de evidencias de intervención y sus correspondientes indicadores. En este trabajo se presentan algunas de estas actividades, su integración en las distintas facetas de la actividad académica y parte de las evoluciones experimentadas. El estudio se centra en los trabajos en el sector agua y saneamiento para el desarrollo, en la actual Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial (ETSIDI, antes EUITI), aunque el alcance de intervenciones en red va mucho más allá de los límites del centro, incluso de la propia Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

SOMACLONAL VARIATION OF Phanaenopsis sp. var. Dudu PLANTS REGENERATED BY DIRECT SOMATIC EMBRIOGENESIS

Actualmente existe una creciente demanda de híbridos de Phalaenopsis sp., por lo cual es necesario desarrollar protocolos de propagación masiva que aseguren altos porcentajes de regeneración clonal tal como la técnica de embriogénesis somática. Así mismo, estudiar la variación genética dentro de las plantas regeneradas ofrece un mayor conocimiento de los alcances del protocolo de micropropagación en relación a la estabilidad genética de los materiales empleados. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó la combinación de tres concentraciones y dos tipos de reguladores de crecimiento vegetal (RCV), la citocinina bencilaminopurina (BA) (1.0, 2.0 y 3.0 mgL-1) en combinación con tres concentraciones de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) (3.0, 4.0 y 5.0 mgL-1), para la inducción de embriones somáticos, además, se analizó la estabilidad genética de las plántulas regeneradas mediante marcadores moleculares tipo RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, por sus siglas en inglés). Metodología: La embriogénesis somática se indujo a partir de explantes de hoja con distintos grados de desarrollo: primera hoja se consideró como explante maduro (PH) y la tercera hoja como explante joven (TH), obtenidas de una plántula de Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú cultivadas in vitro, de 15-20 cm de altura. Resultados: El mayor número de plantas regeneradas fue de 29.8 a los 135 días después de iniciado el cultivo (ddic) con 2.0 y 5.0 mgL-1 de BA y 2,4-D, respectivamente, utilizando como explante la TH en la respuesta morfogenética de los explantes regenerados, se observó una correlación entre la edad del explante y la concentración de RCV. El análisis de la variación genética mostró cambios en los patrones de bandeo, observando bandas polimórficas con los cuatro iniciadores utilizados, aludiendo variación somaclonal en las plantas regeneradas. Implicaciones: Los resultados obtenidos aportan una alternativa de regeneración, además de ofrecer una metodología para iniciar programas de mejoramiento genético en Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú. Conclusiones: Se logró la regeneración in vitro de Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú mediante embriogénesis somática, así como la detección de cambios genéticos en el material regenerado.Nowadays, a growing demand for hybrids of Phalaenopsis sp. exists to satisfy this demand it is necessary to develop protocols for massive propagation that ensure high percentages of clonal regeneration, such as somatic embryogenesis. Besides, studying genetic variation within regenerated plants offers a greater understanding of the suitability of the micropropagation protocol in relation with genetic stability of the materials used. Objective: The present research work aimed to evaluate three concentrations of two types of plant growth regulators (RCV). 6- benzylaminopurine cytokinin (BA) (1.0, 2.0 y 3.0 mgL-1) in combination with three concentrations of 2,4- diclorofenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) (3.0, 4.0, 5.0 mgL-1), for the induction of somatic embryos. In addition, the genetic stability of the regenerated plants was analyzed using molecular markers type RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Methodology: The induction of somatic embryogenesis was induced from two leaf explants with different stages of develop from 15-20 cm in height Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú seedlings, cultivated in vitro; first leaf as mature explant (PH) and third leaf as young explant (TH). Results: The highest number of regenerated plants was 29.8 at 135 days after the start of the culture (ddic) with 2.0 and 5.0 mgL-1 of BA and 2,4-D, respectively, using TH as explant. In the morphogenetic response of the regenerated explants, a correlation was observed between the age of the explant and the RCV concentration. Polymorphic bands were observed with the four primers used, indicating somaclonal variation in regenerated plants. Implications: The results obtained provide an alternative for regeneration, as well as offering a methodology to initiate genetic improvement programs in Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú. Conclusions: In vitro regeneration of Phalaenopsis sp. var. Dudú by somatic embryogenesis was achieved, as well as the analysis of the genetic integrity of the regenerated material.UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXIC

Changes in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with severe COVID-19 treated with high dose of vitamin D

Main cause of severe illness and death in COVID-19 patients appears to be an excessive but ineffectual inflammatory immune response that may cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D may favour an anti-inflammatory environment and improve cytotoxic response against some infectious diseases. A multicenter, single-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial was approved in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of 14.8 ng/ml (SD: 6.18) to test antiviral efficacy, tolerance and safety of 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for 14 days, in comparison with 2000 IU/day. After supplementation, mean serum 25(OH)D levels increased to 19 ng/ml on average in 2000 IU/day versus 29 ng/ml in 10,000 IU/day group (p < 0.0001). Although levels of inflammatory cytokines were not modified by treatment with 10,000 IU/day, there was an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and higher levels of CD4+ T cells, with predominance of T central memory subpopulation. Cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells was increased more than 4-fold in patients who received 10,000 IU/day. Moreover, levels of IFNγ were significantly higher in this group. Beneficial effect of supplementation with 10,000 IU/day was also observed in participants who developed ARDS and stayed at the hospital for 8.0 days, whereas those who received 2000 IU/day stayed for 29.2 days (p = 0.0381). Administration of high doses of vitamin D3 as adjuvant of the standard care treatment during hospitalization for COVID-19 may improve the inflammatory environment and cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, shortening the hospital stay and, possibly, improving the prognosis.We greatly appreciate all the patients for their participation in this study. We thank the excellent secretarial assistance of Mrs Olga Palao at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III). The authors also acknowledge María C. de la Cruz at Unidad Central de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon; IiSGM) for her advice and assistance related to the clinical research with medicines. This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016–2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundación Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (FUAX, Madrid, Spain; Reference 1012010). The work of Montserrat Torres is financed by the Coordinated Research Activities at the CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679). The work of María Rosa López-Huertas and Sara Rodríguez-Mora is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of Lorena Vigón is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER). The work of Fernando Ramos Martín is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00). Drug Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) used in the study was donated by Italfarmaco Group (Cholecalciferol 25,000IU/2,5 ml oral solution). Italfarmaco Group had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.S

Relationship between olive oil consumption and ankle-brachial pressure index in a population at high cardiovascular risk

The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure. Results: Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI [0.56, 0.97]), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI [1.00, 1.48]). Conclusions: In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Educación ambiental y sociedad. Saberes locales para el desarrollo y la sustentabilidad

EL LIBRO PERMITE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA IMPORTANCIA DE FOMENTAL LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA RESOLVER LA PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTALEL LIBRO PRESENTA DIFERENTES TRABAJOS QUE ESTUDIAN EL TEMA D ELA SUSTENTABILIDAD, ENFATIZANDO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA TRANSDISCIPLINANINGUN

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ