Modeling the processing delays of Internet of Things nodes in the ns3 network simulator

As arquiteturas de hardware dos dispositivos orientados para a Internet of Things (IoT), ou Internet das Coisas, pressupõem a existência de restrições energéticas. O hardware e o software destes dispositivos são, por isso, projetados por forma a minimizar o consumo energético e, frequentemente, a capacidade de processamento e memória destes dispositivos são bastante limitados. Como consequência os tempos de execução de processos ou funções de código podem ter valores médios e variações elevados. Estas restrições têm um impacto grande, e até agora pouco estudado, no desempenho das redes de comunicações de objetos. Torna-se por isso importante estudar e modelizar o desempenho das funções de comunicações destes dispositivos. Nesta tese pretende-se fazer este estudo e desenvolver um módulo de software para o simulador de redes ns-3 que simule os tempos de processamento das funções de comunicação de múltiplas combinações de plataforma hardware/sistemas operativos reais

Qualidade da silagem de milho submetida a atraso na vedação e uso de inoculantes microbianos

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of sealing delay for 12 hours and of the use of microbial inoculant with heterofermentative bacteria on whole-plant corn (Zea mays) silage. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×2 factorial arrangement (with or without inoculant × with or without sealing delay). Silage was evaluated for: chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentative parameters, losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological profile. The heating of the silage caused by respiration increased the contents of neutral detergent insoluble protein and of acid detergent insoluble protein by 77 and 27.3%, respectively. Soluble carbohydrate losses increased the contents of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein by 9.1% and of acid detergent fiber by 5.1%, but decreased the content of nonfibrous carbohydrates by 11.2%. IVDMD did not differ between treatments. Silages with delayed sealing and the inoculant showed higher pH and contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammoniacal nitrogen, but a lower content of lactic acid. Delayed sealing reduces the nutritional value, increases the fibrous fractions, and decreases the soluble carbohydrates, whereas the use of inoculant does not improve the nutritional value and aerobic stability of the silages.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos do atraso de vedação por 12 horas e do uso de inoculante com bactérias heterofermentativas na silagem de plantas inteiras de milho (Zea mays). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×2 (com ou sem inoculante × com ou sem atraso de vedação). Avaliou-se a silagem quanto a: composição química, digestibilidade in vitro de matéria seca (DIVMS), parâmetros fermentativos, perdas, estabilidade aeróbica e perfil microbiológico. O aquecimento da silagem causado pela respiração aumentou o teor de proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro e o de proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido em 77 e 27,3%, respectivamente. As perdas de carboidratos solúveis aumentaram o teor de fibras em detergente neutro corrigidas para cinzas e proteínas em 9,1% e de fibras em detergente ácido em 5,1%, mas diminuíram o teor de carboidratos não fibrosos em 11,2%. A DIVMS não diferiu entre os tratamentos. As silagens com vedação atrasada e inoculadas apresentaram maiores pH e teores de ácido acético, ácido propiônico e nitrogênio amoniacal, mas menor teor de ácido láctico. A vedação atrasada reduz o valor nutricional, aumenta as frações fibrosas e diminui os carboidratos solúveis, enquanto o uso de inoculante não melhora o valor nutricional e a estabilidade aeróbica das silagens

Predictors of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention after pharmacoinvasive strategy in women

AbstractBackgroundPharmacoinvasive therapy (PIT) is feasible in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) when timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unavailable. In this study, we compared women who underwent successful reperfusion PIT with those who required rescue PCI, to identify potential predictors of thrombolytic failure.MethodsFrom January 2010 to November 2014, 327 consecutive women with STEMI were referred to a tertiary hospital, 206 after successful thrombolysis (63%) and 121 who required rescue PCI. The groups were compared regarding demographic, clinical and angiographic outcomes, and clinical (TIMI, GRACE, and ZWOLLE CADILLAC) and bleeding (CRUSADE) risk scores. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of thrombolytic failure.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the demographic characteristics or the medical history of the groups. Rescue PCI group had significantly higher values of the evaluated scores. Clinical hospital complications and mortality (2.5% vs. 22.0%; p < 0.0001) were more frequent in rescue PCI group. The independent variables associated with rescue PCI were pain-to-needle time > 3h (OR: 3.07, 95%CI: 1.64 to 5.75; p < 0.0001), ZWOLLE score (OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.37; p = 0.0001) and creatinine clearance (OR: 1.009, 95%CI: 1.0 to 1.02; p = 0.04).ConclusionsWomen with STEMI who underwent PIT and who required rescue PCI had significantly higher mortality compared to those who achieved initial success of PIT with elective PCI. Pain-to-needle time > 3h, ZWOLLE score and creatinine clearance were independent predictors of the need for rescue PCI

Pimobendan improves clinical signs in short term compared to digoxin or placebo in dogs with heart failure due to chronic degenerative mitral valve disease

Background: Chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF) in small breed dogs. Pimobendan (PIMO) is a mixed action drug with inotropic and vasodilator properties and is widely used to treat heart disease in dogs. Therefore, PIMO increases cardiac output, reduces both preload and afterload and increases myocardial contractility without increasing energy consumption and myocardial oxygen. Digoxin (DIG) is a cardiac glycoside acting through inhibition of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+ ATPase pump, hence increasing intracellular calcium. It exerts benefi cial effects on left ventricular function, symptoms and exercise tolerance. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical response and QoLQ in heart failure (HF) dogs treated with digoxin or pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy (furosemide and benazepril). Materials, Methods & Results: Inclusion criteria: dogs in class III or stabilized class IV (NYHA). Exclusion criteria: use of positive inotrope and antiarrhythmic, presence of atrial fi brillation, renal or hepatic disease or neoplasia. Thirty three dogs were included and randomly assigned to DIG (n = 11), PIMO (n = 14) and placebo (PL) (n = 8) and followed up weekly. Data was evaluated for days zero, 7, 14 and 28. Increasing score was assigned to each variable depending on worsening of clinical evaluation (history and physical exam, QoLQ and echocardiogram (echo).Three dogs died during treatment due to worsening of HF, one of PL group and two of DIG group; furthermore, one of PIMO group was censored due to worsening of heart failure. There was no signifi cant difference between and within groups for echo and radiography. PL and DIG groups did not show any signifi cant difference throughout the 28 days of treatment. PIMO group showed lower physical exam score and increased early mitral infl ow velocity on day 28. Serum creatinine increased on days 14 and 28 compared to baseline, but within normal limits. The groups were similar within each evaluation day. Discussion: This is the fi rst short term prospective randomized double blind study comparing PIMO to DIG or PL additionally to conventional therapy (ACEi and furosemide) for dogs with HF due to CDMVD. It was observed an early signifi cant clinical improvement in dogs receiving PIMO compared to those receiving DIG or PL. The increase in early mitral infl ow velocity (E-wave) on day 28 for PIMO group is suggestive of diastolic dysfunction improvement, but this is only one variable related to diastolic function. Creatinine concentration increased in PIMO group, although it remained within normal range. In the present study, although all the three groups received furosemide, only PIMO group showed increase in blood creatinine between baseline and days 7 and 28. This result must be explored in later studies. Regarding the exercise intolerance assessment in a QoLQ, it must be aware that the owner evaluation is strongly infl uenced by the level of exercise that the dog is regularly submitted. Considering that most of the times, small breed dogs in a more advanced age is probably more sedentary and this fact surely precludes the owner to assess the exercise capacity. A more objective evaluation of the exercise tolerance should be considered in further clinical trials. Probably because of the small number of animals included in this study, differences in other studied variables were not found. The short-term follow-up of these patients may also have infl uenced the lack of differences among groups. Considering that stronger clinical evidence is needed to guide clinical decisions, longer prospective studies are also needed to compare the effects of DIG and PIMO, as well as to consider the benefi ts of the use or not of DIG associated with PIMO for dogs in HF due to CDMVD.Funding. This project was fi nancially supported by FAPESP - São Paulo Research Foundation, process number 08/57620-2

Apneia obstrutiva do sono: aspectos etiopatogênicos, métodos diagnósticos e condutas terapêuticas: Obstructive sleep apnea: etiopathogenic aspects, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches

A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS), consiste em uma desordem caracterizada por períodos de apneia e/ou hipopneia obstrutivas, causadas por colapso repetitivo das vias aéreas superiores (VAS) durante o sono, a qual cursa com repercussões pulmonares, cardiovasculares e neuropsicológicas. Apesar de complexa, a fisiopatologia da AOS elucida as causas e as consequências da patologia. Sabe-se que o mecanismo fisiopatológico advém de alterações na fisiologia do sono do paciente, sendo que, é principalmente durante o sono REM que a AOS ocorre, devido à maior facilidade de oclusão das VAS pela atonia muscular. Em virtude da variedade etiológica da AOS, a epidemiologia é bastante variada, apesar de sua alta prevalência, e depende de diversos fatores, os quais são caracterizados como reversíveis ou não. Acerca do quadro clínico, classicamente, os pacientes cursam com períodos de apneia durante o sono, o que repercute em um sono não reparador e uma sonolência diurna excessiva, além de outras consequências. No que tange ao diagnóstico, a história clínica é fortemente sugestiva, sendo que o diagnóstico definitivo advém da polissonografia, considerada como método padrão-ouro. O diagnóstico diferencial é imprescindível, uma vez que outras patologias com apresentações semelhantes devem ser descartadas, no intuito de se estabelecer o tratamento correto e eficaz. O manejo terapêutico é multidisciplinar, individualizado e estabelecido de acordo com a gravidade, os fatores de risco e a adesão ao tratamento. Tal manejo pode ser realizado de forma conservadora, com pressão positiva nas vias aéreas ou intervencionista

O PAPEL DA SAÚDE BUCAL NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS PORTADORAS DA SÍNDROME DE DOWN

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy of chromosome 21, as it is also known worldwide, is characterized by an error in chromosome distribution with the presence of an extra chromosome in the distal portion of it, generating specific physical and clinical characteristics throughout life of these people.&nbsp; Thus, it is necessary that dental surgeons are scientifically grounded to efficiently assist patients with DS.&nbsp; There are difficulties evidenced by Patients with Special Needs (PNE), especially Down Syndrome and their respective caregivers about prevention in the dental area, so this paper aims to identify and discuss the main issues related to the role of oral health in the quality of dental care.&nbsp; life of people with Down syndrome.&nbsp; A search of works was carried out in the following electronic databases: BIREME and PubMed, between the years 2010 to 2020. The search for electronic databases retrieved 22 articles.&nbsp; After reading the title and abstract, reading in full and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 09 articles were selected.&nbsp; It is concluded that there are frequent oral changes in people with Down Syndrome and some of these can be observed and treated from the first months of the child's life.&nbsp; In this way, this study contributes scientifically to the general knowledge of problems and frequent oral changes in people with DS and clarifies their means of prevention and dental treatments since early childhood as a way of improving quality of life and well-being of these patients.&nbsp; A Síndrome de Down (SD) ou Trissomia do cromossomo 21, como também é mundialmente conhecida, é caracterizada por um erro na distribuição cromossômica com a presença de um cromossomo extra na porção distal do mesmo, gerando características físicas e clínicas específicas ao longo da vida dessas pessoas. Deste modo é necessário que os Cirurgiões-Dentistas estejam cientificamente embasados para atender com eficiência os pacientes portadores da SD. Há dificuldades comprovadas por Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (PNE), em especial Síndrome de Down e seus respectivos cuidadores sobre prevenção na área odontológica, deste modo o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e discutir as principais questões relacionadas ao papel da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de pessoas portadoras da Síndrome de Down. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de trabalhos nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônica: BIREME e PubMed, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. A busca das bases eletrônicas recuperou 22 artigos. Após a leitura do título e resumo, leitura na integra e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foi selecionado um total de 09 artigos. Conclui-se que há alterações bucais frequentes em pessoas portadoras da Síndrome de Down e algumas dessas podem ser observadas e tratadas desde os primeiros meses de vida da criança. Desta forma, o presente estudo contribui de forma científica para o conhecimento geral de problemas e alterações bucais frequentes nas pessoas portadoras da SD e elucida seus meios de prevenção e tratamentos odontológicos desde a primeira infância como forma de melhoria na qualidade de vida e bem-estar desses pacientes

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016