First report of Oxalis conorrhiza as alternate host of Puccinia sorghi, causal agent of common rust of Maize

A high genetic variability has been recognized in Puccinia sorghi in Argentina (Gonzalez et al. 2011), although its origin remains unclear since the different reported alternate hosts (Oxalis corniculata L., O. stricta L., O. bowiei Herb. ex Lindl.) have never been detected with this disease in the region. In the spring of 2013 and 2014, the spermagonium and aecial estages of a Puccina sp., were observed on O. conorrhiza Jacq. (syn. O. cordobensis R. Knuth) in Córdoba Province, in central Argentina. Those structures were found in 22 sampling sites, under natural infections, in a radius of 175 km of Córdoba City. O. conorrhiza is a bulbous perennial plant native to South America in the Oxalidaceae family, with a low, moderate growth habit. It is distributed in several provinces of central Argentina. O. conorrhiza can usually be found in alluvial flatlands, riverbanks, wasteland, roadsides, pastures, as well as farmlands. The confirmation of the O. conorrhiza species was carried out by the ACCOR Herbarium of the National University of Córdoba, Argentina. On approximately one-third of the leaves of each infected plant, ampulliform, subepidermal, amphigenous spermagonia, arranged in small clusters of 0.5 mm were observed. Spermagonia containing spermatia and receptive hyphae were golden yellow to orange yellow with abundant nectar exuding. Those in the center of the lesion are surrounded by annular groups of aecia, formed exclusively on the abaxial surface of the leaves. Aecia were orange, cylindrical short, with irregular opening at the apex. To determine the causal organism, aesciospores were inoculated in sweet corn plants. Fifty aeciospores from disease samples were suspended per ml of sterile water and sprayed on 5 sweet corn plants. As a negative control, 5 plants were inoculated with sterile water. All plants were kept in the dark at saturated humidity for 24 h at 24°C. After that, the plants were kept at 25 to 27°C and 70 to 80% humidity with a photoperiod of 16 h light. Seven days after inoculation, typical symptoms of corn common rust were observed: orange uredia with abundant urediospores production. At 21 days, typical teleutospores were observed. The rust matched the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi Schwein (Lindquist 1982). DNA from aeciospores from O. conorrhiza was extracted with NucleoSpin Plant II kit. A fragment from the 28S subunit regions rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced with primers Rust1 and F36 (Kropp et al. 1995). BLAST analysis of 28S sequence data (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ412650.1, GU057994.1, and AY114291.1) showed 99% identity to P. sorghi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sorghi isolated from O. conorrhiza worldwide. The report contributes to an improved understanding of variability of P. sorghi which will be useful for exploring appropriate disease management, epidemiology, and breeding strategies.Fil: Guerra, Fernando Andres. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Brücher, Elsa. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Rossi, Roberto Luis. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Plazas, M. C.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Guerra, Gustavo Dario. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ducasse, Daniel Adrián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Occurrence of the complete cycle of Puccinia sorghi Schw. in Argentina and implications on the common corn rust epidemiology

The life-cycle of Puccinia sorghi, a heteroecious fungus, consists of five well-defined spore stages. The uredinial and telial stages are completed on the primary host (maize) whereas spermagonial and aecial stages occur on Oxalis spp., a perennial and widespread weed. Portions of corn leaves with telia were surface sterilized and placed in Petri dishes with 2% water agar and maintained in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C and photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark for 48 h to induce the formation of basidia and basidiospores. Oxalis conorrhiza plants were inoculated with those basidiospores, to confirm the generation of spermagonia with spermatia, and subsequently aecia with aeciospores. Corn plants were then inoculated with aeciospores to confirm the formation of urediospores and teliospores. The aecial phase of common corn rust was confirmed to occur on O. conhorriza and the descriptions of spore stages in Argentina are now reported in this work, confirming a potential sexual source of variability of P. sorghi. The natural occurrence of aecial infections on O. conhorriza in Córdoba may play an important role in generating new variants of P. sorghi in Argentina, allowing a constant adaptation of the pathogen to the environment of the different corn production zones.Fil: Guerra, Fernando Andres. Area de Ciencias Agrarias, Ingeniería, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Rossi, Roberto Luis. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Brücher, Elsa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Cs.agropecuarias. Cátedra de Fitopatologia; ArgentinaFil: Vuletic, Ezequiel Esteban. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Cs.agropecuarias. Cátedra de Fitopatologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Plazas, M. C.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Guerra, Gustavo Dario. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ducasse, Daniel Adrián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Identificación de errores conceptuales comunes en estudiantes de Termodinámica Básica

Se investigan los preconceptos sobre calor y temperatura que tienen los alumnos de ingeniería antes de recibir formación en Termodinámica. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante un cuestionario, pasado a principios de curso. En esta comunicación se resumen los resultados de una prueba realizada con 206 estudiantes. Se cuantifica la frecuencia de diferentes tipos de error conceptual.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Most Common Adverse Reactions in Local Anesthetics

Los anestésicos locales son ampliamente usados en la práctica clínica en diferentes escenarios, de tal manera que el impacto de los fármacos anestésicos localizados actualmente corresponde a dos tipos: amidas y ésteres. El efecto de dichos fármacos se produce a través de su interacción con canales de sodio dependiente del voltaje, lo que previene la generación y propagación de potenciales de acción en los axones. Por consiguiente se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos en español e inglés, de diferentes casos donde se evidencia las reacciones adversas que estos anestésicos pueden llegar a ocasionar. Por lo tanto es fundamental saber que al momento de elegir un anestésico local, se debe administrar adecuadamente el medicamento, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como dosis y velocidad de administración, los cuales son factores esenciales para reducir el riesgo de eventos adversos.Local anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice in different scenarios, such that the impact of localized anesthetic drugs currently corresponds to two types: amides and esters. The effect of these drugs occurs through their interaction with voltage-dependent sodium channels, which prevents the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axons. Consequently, a bibliographic search of scientific articles in Spanish and English has been carried out, of different cases where the adverse reactions that these anesthetics can cause are evident. Therefore, it is essential to know that when choosing a local anesthetic, the medication must be administered appropriately, taking into account aspects such as dose and speed of administration, which are essential factors to reduce the risk of adverse events

Intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Diabetic Retinopathy: The 2010 GLADAOF Lecture

This paper demonstrates multiple benefits of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) including diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at 24 months of followup. This is a retrospective multicenter interventional comparative case series of intravitreal injections of 1.25 or 2.5 mg of bevacizumab for DME, PDR without tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and patients who experienced the development or progression of TRD after an intravitreal injection of 1.25 or 2.5 mg of bevacizumab before vitrectomy for the management of PDR. The results indicate that IVB injections may have a beneficial effect on macular thickness and visual acuity (VA) in diffuse DME. Therefore, in the future this new therapy could complement focal/grid laser photocoagulation in DME. In PDR, this new option could be an adjuvant agent to panretina photocoagulation so that more selective therapy may be applied. Finally, TRD in PDR may occur or progress after IVB used as an adjuvant to vitrectomy. Surgery should be performed 4 days after IVB. Most patients had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus associated with elevated HbA1c, insulin administration, PDR refractory to panretinal photocoagulation, and longer time between IVB and vitrectomy

Uso de Buprenorfina y Dexmedetomidina en Paciente Crítico

The patient in the intensive care unit is characterized by presenting alterations such as stress, cardiovascular and systemic alterations in a percentage of 10-90%. In the ICU, critical patients are given different drugs such as buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine. Buprenorphine produces supraspinal analgesia and is used in patients with opioid withdrawal syndrome, while dexmedetomidine is an agent with sedative, anxiolytic, sympatholytic and hypnotic effects and other characteristics. In this article we carried out a bibliographic search of articles in English and Spanish in different national and international databases and libraries, giving us results with different studies that show that the use of buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients has been very useful in these patients thanks to its different benefits and few consequences compared to other anesthetics. Therefore, the use of these drugs favors the management of critically ill patients in the ICU.El paciente en unidad de cuidados intensivos se caracteriza por presentar alteraciones como estrés, alteraciones cardiovasculares y sistémicas en un porcentaje del 10-90%. En UCI, a los pacientes críticos se les aplica diferentes fármacos como buprenorfina y dexmedetomidina. La buprenorfina produce analgesia supraespinal y uso radica en aquellos pacientes con síndrome de abstinencia por opioides, en cambio la dexmedetomidina es un agente con efectos sedantes, ansiolíticos, simpaticolíticos e hipnóticos y otras características. En este artículo realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en inglés y español en diferentes bases de datos y bibliotecas nacionales e internacionales dándonos como resultados con diferentes estudios que exponen que el uso de buprenorfina y dexmedetomidina en pacientes críticos ha resultado de gran utilidad en dichos pacientes gracias a sus diferentes beneficios y pocas consecuencias a comparacion de otros anestésicos. Por ello, el uso de estos fármacos favorece en el manejo de los pacientes en estado crítico en UCI

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot