1,243 research outputs found
Human Factors and Neurophysiological Metrics in Air Traffic Control: a Critical Review
International audienceThis article provides the reader a focused and organised review of the research progresses on neurophysiological indicators, also called “neurometrics”, to show how neurometrics could effectively address some of the most important Human Factors (HFs) needs in the Air Traffic Management (ATM) field. The state of the art on the most involved HFs and related cognitive processes (e.g. mental workload, cognitive training) is presented together with examples of possible applications in the current and future ATM scenarios, in order to better understand and highlight the available opportunities of such neuroscientific applications. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the potential enhancement that further research and development activities could bring to the efficiency and safety of the ATM service
Carotenoids in fresh and processed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits protect cells from oxidative stress injury
BACKGROUND: Lipophilic antioxidants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits exert important functions in reducing the risk
of human diseases. Here the effect of thermal processing on the antioxidant activity of lipophilic extracts from the commercial
tomato hybrid ‘Zebrino’ was analysed. Carotenoid content and lipophilic antioxidant activity were determined and the ability
of tomato extracts in rescuing cells from oxidative stress was assessed.
RESULTS: Lipophilic antioxidant activity was completely retained after heat treatment and extracts were able to mitigate the
detrimental effect induced by oxidative stress on different cell lines. Lycopene alone was able to rescue cells from oxidative
stress, even if to a lower extent compared with tomato extracts. These results were probably due to the synergistic effect of
tomato compounds in protecting cells from oxidative stress injury.
CONCLUSION: The current study provides valuable insights into the health effect of the dietary carotenoids present in fresh and
processed tomato fruits
Cold dust and low [O iii]/[C ii] ratios: an evolved star-forming population at redshift 7
We present new ALMA Band 8 (rest-frame 90 μm) continuum observations of three massive (M⋆ ≈ 1010 M⊙) galaxies at z ≈ 7 previously detected in [C II]158 μm and underlying dust continuum emission in the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS). We detect dust emission from two of our targets in Band 8 (REBELS-25 and REBELS-38), while REBELS-12 remains undetected. Through optically thin modified blackbody fitting, we determine dust temperatures of Tdust ≈ 30 − 35 K in both of the dual-band detected targets, indicating they are colder than most known galaxies at z ∼ 7. Moreover, their inferred dust masses are large (Mdust ≈ 108 M⊙), albeit still consistent with models of high-redshift dust production. We furthermore target and detect [O III]88 μm emission in both REBELS-12 and REBELS-25, and find L[O III]/L[C II] ≈ 1 − 1.5 – low compared to the L[O III]/L[C II] ≳ 2 − 10 observed in the known z ≳ 6 population thus far. We argue the lower line ratios are due to a comparatively weaker ionizing radiation field resulting from the less starbursty nature of our targets, although the possibility of REBELS-12 being a merger of an [O III]-bright and [O III]-faint component prevents the unambiguous interpretation of its [O III]/[C II] ratio. Nevertheless, a low burstiness forms a natural explanation for the cold dust temperatures and low [O III]λλ4959, 5007 + Hβ equivalent widths of REBELS-25 and REBELS-38. Overall, these observations provide evidence for the existence of a massive, dust-rich galaxy population at z ≈ 7 which has previously experienced vigorous star formation, but is currently forming stars in a steady, as opposed to bursty, manner
Metal and dust evolution in ALMA REBELS galaxies: insights for future JWST observations
ALMA observations revealed the presence of significant amounts of dust in the
first Gyr of Cosmic time. However, the metal and dust buildup picture remains
very uncertain due to the lack of constraints on metallicity. JWST has started
to reveal the metal content of high-redshift targets, which may lead to firmer
constraints on high-redshift dusty galaxies evolution. In this work, we use
detailed chemical and dust evolution models to explore the evolution of
galaxies within the ALMA REBELS survey, testing different metallicity scenarios
that could be inferred from JWST observations. In the models, we track the
buildup of stellar mass by using non-parametric SFHs for REBELS galaxies.
Different scenarios for metal and dust evolution are simulated by allowing
different prescriptions for gas flows and dust processes. The model outputs are
compared with measured dust scaling relations, by employing
metallicity-dependent calibrations for the gas mass based on the [CII]158micron
line. Independently of the galaxies metal content, we found no need for extreme
dust prescriptions to explain the dust masses revealed by ALMA. However,
different levels of metal enrichment will lead to different dominant dust
production mechanisms, with stardust production dominant over other ISM dust
processes only in the metal-poor case. This points out how metallicity
measurements from JWST will significantly improve our understanding of the dust
buildup in high-redshift galaxies. We also show that models struggle to
reproduce observables such as dust-to-gas and dust-to-stellar ratios
simultaneously, possibly indicating an overestimation of the gas mass through
current calibrations, especially at high metallicities.Comment: 16 pages + appendices, 9 Figures, 1 Table. Resubmitted to MNRAS after
moderate revisio
Dark sectors 2016 Workshop: community report
This report, based on the Dark Sectors workshop at SLAC in April 2016,
summarizes the scientific importance of searches for dark sector dark matter
and forces at masses beneath the weak-scale, the status of this broad
international field, the important milestones motivating future exploration,
and promising experimental opportunities to reach these milestones over the
next 5-10 years
The ALMA REBELS Survey: Dust Continuum Detections at z > 6.5
We report 18 dust continuum detections () at and out of 49 ultraviolet(UV)-bright galaxies (, observed by the Cycle-7 ALMA Large Program, REBELS
and its pilot programs. This has more than tripled the number of dust continuum
detections known at . Out of these 18 detections, 12 are reported for
the first time as part of REBELS. In addition, 15 of the dust continuum
detected galaxies also show a [CII] emission line,
providing us with accurate redshifts. We anticipate more line emission
detections from six targets (including three continuum detected targets) where
observations are still ongoing. The dust continuum detected sources in our
sample tend to have a redder UV spectral slope than the ones without a dust
continuum detection. We estimate that all of the sources have an infrared (IR)
luminosity () in a range of , except
for one with . Their
fraction of obscured star formation is significant at . Some of
the dust continuum detected galaxies show spatial offsets ()
between the rest-UV and far-IR emission peaks. These separations appear to have
an increasing trend against an indicator that suggests spatially decoupled
phases of obscured and unobscured star formation. REBELS offers the best
available statistical constraints on obscured star formation in UV-bright,
massive galaxies at .Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRA
Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓
A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101 TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126 TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds
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