Short asymmetric synthesis of phenanthroindolizidines through chiral homoallylic sulfinamine

An efficient stereocontrolled preparation of chiral phenanthroindolizidines is detailed. The synthesis relies on the stereoselective indium-mediated allylation of 2-(phenanthren-9-yl)acetaldehyde derivatives with chiral tert-butylsulfinamide. Chemoselective transformations from the corresponding homoallylic sulfinamine allow the synthesis of the phenanthroindolizidines in only three synthetic operations, without any detectable racemization. Following this procedure, the synthesis of natural (−)-tylophorine was successfully accomplished.We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for their financial support (CTQ2011-24165). C. A.-T. thanks the ISO for a grant

A radical addition/cyclization of diverse ethers to 2-isocyanobiaryls under mildly basic aqueous conditions

Mildly basic aqueous conditions facilitated the tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) mediated dehydrogenative addition of a range of ethers, including acetals, to diverse substituted 2-isocyanobiaryls. Mechanistic studies suggest that this radical cascade is an example of base promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS).We thank the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2015-66624-P) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173) for financial support. C. A.-T. thanks the ISO for a grant

Concise asymmetric syntheses of novel phenanthroquinolizidines

The first preparation of enantioenriched phenanthroquinolizidines with a quaternary center at C14a was accomplished in seven steps from readily available starting materials. Key steps were an efficient dynamic kinetic allylation of a diastereomeric mixture of chiral tert-butylsulfinyl ketimines and the construction of a piperidine E ring by rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation. The Stevens rearrangement of the corresponding N-benzyl derivatives took place smoothly, allowing the installation of a benzyl moiety at C9 in a trans relationship with the methyl group. The cytoxicity of the prepared phenanthroquinolizidines was evaluated against different human cancer cell lines.We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2011-24165) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173) for financial support. C. A.-T. thanks the ISO for a grant

Syntheses and Cytotoxicity of (R)- and (S)-7-Methoxycryptopleurine

Two efficient protocols are described for the transformation of a key chiral homoallyllic sulfinamine intermediate in four steps into enantioenriched 7-methoxycryptopleurine. While one of the protocols relied on a rhodium catalyzed linear hydroformylation process, the alternative approach was based on a ring-closing metathesis from the corresponding N-allyl-sulfinamine. The cytotoxic evaluation of both enantiomers of the target compound demonstrated that the (R)-compound is much more potent than its antipode against the four cancer cell lines examined.We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2011-24165) for financial support. I.B. acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for a postdoctoral fellowship (ACIF/2011/159). C.A.-T. thanks the ISO for a grant

Selecting the most suitable microalgae species to treat the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

[EN] Conventional treatments for nutrient removal in wastewater are shifting to Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors, which produce a high-quality effluent with minimum sludge production. The effluent resulting contains high nitrogen and phosphorus load that can be eliminated by microalgae culture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ammonium and phosphorus removal rate of different microalgae species in the effluent of an anaerobic treatment. For that, 4 different microalgae species have been tested (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium braunii) in batch monoculture and mixed conditions. Results indicate that all species are able to eliminate both P and N in the medium with high removal rates. However a slight interspecies competition may boost these removal rates and productivity values ensuring, the success of the process.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO ) [grant numbers CTM2014-54980-C2-1-R and CTM2014-54980-C2-2-R], European Regional Development Fund [ERDF ], and Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport via pre-doctoral FPU fellowship to the (third) author [grant number FPU14/05082].Paches Giner, MAV.; Martínez-Guijarro, MR.; Gonzalez-Camejo, J.; Seco Torrecillas, A.; Barat, R. (2018). Selecting the most suitable microalgae species to treat the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Environmental Technology. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1496148S201

Outdoor flat-panel membrane photobioreactor to treat the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Influence of operating, design, and environmental conditions

[EN] As microalgae have the ability to simultaneously remove nutrients from wastewater streams while producing valuable biomass, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is a win-win strategy. Although recent advances have been made in this field in lab conditions, the transition to outdoor conditions on an industrial scale must be further investigated. In this work an outdoor pilot-scale membrane photobioreactor plant was operated for tertiary sewage treatment. The effects of different parameters on microalgae performance were studied including: temperature, light irradiance (solar and artificial irradiance), hydraulic retention time (HRT), biomass retention time (BRT), air sparging system and influent nutrient concentration. In addition the competition between microalgae and ammonium oxidising bacteria for ammonium was also evaluated. Maximum nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates of 12.5 +/- 4.2 mgN.L-1.d(-1) and 1.5 +/- 0.4 mgP.L-1.d(-1), respectively, were achieved at a BRT of 4.5 days and HRT of 2.5 days, while a maximum biomass productivity of 78 +/- 13 mgVSS.L-1.d(-1 )(VSS: volatile suspended solids) was reached. While the results obtained so far are promising, they need to be improved to make the transition to industrial scale operations feasible.This research work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, CTM2011-28595-C02-01 and CTM2011-28595-C02-02) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), both of which are gratefully acknowledged. It was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport via a pre-doctoral FPU fellowship to author J. Gonzalez-Camejo (FPU14/05082).Gonzalez-Camejo, J.; Barat, R.; Ruano García, MV.; Seco Torrecillas, A.; Ferrer, J. (2018). Outdoor flat-panel membrane photobioreactor to treat the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Influence of operating, design, and environmental conditions. Water Science & Technology. 78(1):195-206. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.259S195206781Arbib, Z., Ruiz, J., Álvarez-Díaz, P., Garrido-Pérez, C., Barragan, J., & Perales, J. A. (2013). Long term outdoor operation of a tubular airlift pilot photobioreactor and a high rate algal pond as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater. Ecological Engineering, 52, 143-153. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.089Arias, D. M., Uggetti, E., García-Galán, M. J., & García, J. (2017). Cultivation and selection of cyanobacteria in a closed photobioreactor used for secondary effluent and digestate treatment. Science of The Total Environment, 587-588, 157-167. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.097Feng, P., Deng, Z., Hu, Z., & Fan, L. (2011). Lipid accumulation and growth of Chlorella zofingiensis in flat plate photobioreactors outdoors. Bioresource Technology, 102(22), 10577-10584. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.109Gao, F., Li, C., Yang, Z.-H., Zeng, G.-M., Feng, L.-J., Liu, J., … Cai, H. (2016). Continuous microalgae cultivation in aquaculture wastewater by a membrane photobioreactor for biomass production and nutrients removal. Ecological Engineering, 92, 55-61. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.03.046Giménez, J. B., Robles, A., Carretero, L., Durán, F., Ruano, M. V., Gatti, M. N., … Seco, A. (2011). Experimental study of the anaerobic urban wastewater treatment in a submerged hollow-fibre membrane bioreactor at pilot scale. Bioresource Technology, 102(19), 8799-8806. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.014González-Camejo, J., Serna-García, R., Viruela, A., Pachés, M., Durán, F., Robles, A., … Seco, A. (2017). Short and long-term experiments on the effect of sulphide on microalgae cultivation in tertiary sewage treatment. Bioresource Technology, 244, 15-22. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.126González-Camejo, J., Barat, R., Pachés, M., Murgui, M., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2017). Wastewater nutrient removal in a mixed microalgae–bacteria culture: effect of light and temperature on the microalgae–bacteria competition. Environmental Technology, 39(4), 503-515. doi:10.1080/09593330.2017.1305001Gouveia, L., Graça, S., Sousa, C., Ambrosano, L., Ribeiro, B., Botrel, E. P., … Silva, C. M. (2016). Microalgae biomass production using wastewater: Treatment and costs. Algal Research, 16, 167-176. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.010Kim, K., Choi, J., Ji, Y., Park, S., Do, H., Hwang, C., … Holzapfel, W. (2014). Impact of bubble size on growth and CO 2 uptake of Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) platensis KMMCC CY-007. Bioresource Technology, 170, 310-315. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.034Leão, P. N., Vasconcelos, M. T. S. D., & Vasconcelos, V. M. (2009). Allelopathy in freshwater cyanobacteria. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(4), 271-282. doi:10.3109/10408410902823705Ledda, C., Idà, A., Allemand, D., Mariani, P., & Adani, F. (2015). Production of wild Chlorella sp. cultivated in digested and membrane-pretreated swine manure derived from a full-scale operation plant. Algal Research, 12, 68-73. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.010Pachés, M., Romero, I., Hermosilla, Z., & Martinez-Guijarro, R. (2012). PHYMED: An ecological classification system for the Water Framework Directive based on phytoplankton community composition. Ecological Indicators, 19, 15-23. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.003Ruiz-Martinez, A., Serralta, J., Pachés, M., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2014). Mixed microalgae culture for ammonium removal in the absence of phosphorus: Effect of phosphorus supplementation and process modeling. Process Biochemistry, 49(12), 2249-2257. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2014.09.002Su, Y., Mennerich, A., & Urban, B. (2012). Coupled nutrient removal and biomass production with mixed algal culture: Impact of biotic and abiotic factors. Bioresource Technology, 118, 469-476. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.093Tan, X.-B., Zhang, Y.-L., Yang, L.-B., Chu, H.-Q., & Guo, J. (2016). Outdoor cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the effluent of anaerobically digested activated sludge: The effects of pH and free ammonia. Bioresource Technology, 200, 606-615. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.095Viruela, A., Murgui, M., Gómez-Gil, T., Durán, F., Robles, Á., Ruano, M. V., … Seco, A. (2016). Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage. Bioresource Technology, 218, 447-454. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.116Whitton, R., Le Mével, A., Pidou, M., Ometto, F., Villa, R., & Jefferson, B. (2016). Influence of microalgal N and P composition on wastewater nutrient remediation. Water Research, 91, 371-378. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.054Woertz, I., Feffer, A., Lundquist, T., & Nelson, Y. (2009). Algae Grown on Dairy and Municipal Wastewater for Simultaneous Nutrient Removal and Lipid Production for Biofuel Feedstock. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 135(11), 1115-1122. doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000129Wu, Y.-H., Zhu, S.-F., Yu, Y., Shi, X.-J., Wu, G.-X., & Hu, H.-Y. (2017). Mixed cultivation as an effective approach to enhance microalgal biomass and triacylglycerol production in domestic secondary effluent. Chemical Engineering Journal, 328, 665-672. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.088Xu, M., Li, P., Tang, T., & Hu, Z. (2015). Roles of SRT and HRT of an algal membrane bioreactor system with a tanks-in-series configuration for secondary wastewater effluent polishing. Ecological Engineering, 85, 257-264. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.06

Short and long-term experiments on the effect of sulphide on microalgae cultivation in tertiary sewage treatment

[EN] Microalgae cultivation appears to be a promising technology for treating nutrient-rich effluents from anaerobic membrane bioreactors, as microalgae are able to consume nutrients from sewage without an organic carbon source, although the sulphide formed during the anaerobic treatment does have negative effects on microalgae growth. Short and long-term experiments were carried out on the effects of sulphide on a mixed microalgae culture. The short-term experiments showed that the oxygen production rate (OPR) dropped as sulphide concentration increased: a concentration of 5 mg S L¿1 reduced OPR by 43%, while a concentration of 50 mg S L¿1 came close to completely inhibiting microalgae growth. The long-term experiments revealed that the presence of sulphide in the influent had inhibitory effects at sulphide concentrations above 20 mg S L¿1 in the culture, but not at concentrations below 5 mg S L¿1. These conditions favoured Chlorella growth over that of Scenedesmus.This research work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, CTM2011-28595-C02-01 and CTM2011-28595-C02-02) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), both of which are gratefully acknowledged. It was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport via a pre doctoral FPU fellowship to author J. Gonzalez-Camejo (FPU14/05082) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via a pre doctoral FPI fellowship to author R. Serna-Garcia (project CTM2014-54980-C2-1-R)Gonzalez-Camejo, J.; Serna-Garcia, R.; Viruela Navarro, A.; Paches Giner, MAV.; Durán Pinzón, F.; Robles Martínez, Á.; Ruano García, MV.... (2017). Short and long-term experiments on the effect of sulphide on microalgae cultivation in tertiary sewage treatment. Bioresource Technology. 244:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.126S152224

Interventions for treating depression after stroke

Background: Depression is an important consequence of stroke that impacts on recovery yet is often not detected or inadequately treated. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004. Objectives: To determine whether pharmaceutical, psychological, or electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) of depression in patients with stroke can improve outcome. Search strategy: We searched the trials registers of the Cochrane Stroke Group (last searched October 2007) and the Cochrane Depression Anxiety and Neurosis Group (last searched February 2008). In addition, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2008), MEDLINE (1966 to May 2006), EMBASE (1980 to May 2006), CINAHL (1982 to May 2006), PsycINFO (1967 to May 2006) and other databases. We also searched reference lists, clinical trials registers, conference proceedings and dissertation abstracts, and contacted authors, researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials comparing pharmaceutical agents with placebo, or various forms of psychotherapy or ECT with standard care (or attention control), in patients with stroke, with the intention of treating depression. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors selected trials for inclusion and assessed methodological quality; three review authors extracted, cross-checked and entered data. Primary analyses were the prevalence of diagnosable depressive disorder at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included depression scores on standard scales, physical function, death, recurrent stroke and adverse effects. Main results: Sixteen trials (17 interventions), with 1655 participants, were included in the review. Data were available for 13 pharmaceutical agents, and four trials of psychotherapy. There were no trials of ECT. The analyses were complicated by the lack of standardised diagnostic and outcome criteria, and differing analytic methods. There was some evidence of benefit of pharmacotherapy in terms of a complete remission of depression and a reduction (improvement) in scores on depression rating scales, but there was also evidence of an associated increase in adverse events. There was no evidence of benefit of psychotherapy. Authors' conclusions: A small but significant effect of pharmacotherapy (not psychotherapy) on treating depression and reducing depressive symptoms was found, as was a significant increase in adverse events. More research is required before recommendations can be made about the routine use of such treatments

Maximizing resource recovery from urban wastewater through an innovative facility layout

[EN] This research work proposes an innovative layout for urban wastewater treatment based on anaerobic technology, microalgal cultivation and membrane technology. The proposed Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) system can treat urban wastewater efficiently, complying with legal discharge limits and allowing for resource recovery, i.e. energy, nutrients and reclaimed water. In addition, the proposed layout produces less solid wastes than a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and it is possible to recover energy as biogas, not only from the original wastewater sources but also from the biomass generated in the WRRF system

Resource recovery from sulphate-rich sewage through an innovative anaerobic-based water resource recovery facility (WRRF)

[EN] This research work proposes an innovative water resource recovery facility (WRRF) for the recovery of energy, nutrients and reclaimed water from sewage, which represents a promising approach towards enhanced circular economy scenarios. To this aim, anaerobic technology, microalgae cultivation, and membrane technology were combined in a dedicated platform. The proposed platform produces a high-quality solid- and coliform-free effluent that can be directly discharged to receiving water bodies identified as sensitive areas. Specifically, the content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent was 45 mg COD.L-1 , 14.9 mg N.L-1 and 0.5 mg P.L-1 , respectively. Harvested solar energy and carbon dioxide biofixation in the form of microalgae biomass allowed remarkable methane yields (399 STP L CH 4.kg(-1) CODinf ) to be achieved, equivalent to theoretical electricity productions of around 0.52 kWh per m 3 of wastewater entering the WRRF. Furthermore, 26.6% of total nitrogen influent load was recovered as ammonium sulphate, while nitrogen and phosphorus were recovered in the biosolids produced (650 +/- 77 mg N.L-1 and 121.0 +/- 7.2 mg P.L-1).This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Projects CTM2014-54980-C2-1-R and CTM2014-54980-C2-2-R) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which are gratefully acknowledged. This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport via two pre-doctoral FPU fellowships (FPU14/05082 and FPU15/02595) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via two pre-doctoral FPI fellowships (BES-2015-071884, BES-2015-073403) and one Juan de la Cierva contract (FJCI-2014-21616). The authors would also like to acknowledge the support received from Generalitat Valenciana via two VALithornd post-doctoral grants (APOSTD/2014/049 and APOSTD/2016/104) and via the fellowships APOTI/2016/059 and CPI-16-155, as well as the financial aid received from the European Climate KIC association for the 'MAB 2.0' Project (APIN0057_ 2015-3.6-230_ P066-05) and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia via a pre-doctoral FPI fellowship to the seventh author.Seco Torrecillas, A.; Aparicio Antón, SE.; Gonzalez-Camejo, J.; Jiménez Benítez, AL.; Mateo-Llosa, O.; Mora-Sánchez, JF.; Noriega-Hevia, G.... (2018). Resource recovery from sulphate-rich sewage through an innovative anaerobic-based water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Water Science & Technology. 78(9):1925-1936. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.492S19251936789Bair, R. A., Ozcan, O. O., Calabria, J. L., Dick, G. H., & Yeh, D. H. (2015). Feasibility of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) for onsite sanitation and resource recovery (nutrients, energy and water) in urban slums. Water Science and Technology, 72(9), 1543-1551. doi:10.2166/wst.2015.349Barat, R., Serralta, J., Ruano, M. V., Jiménez, E., Ribes, J., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2013). Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2): a general model for wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, 67(7), 1481-1489. doi:10.2166/wst.2013.004Batstone, D. J., Hülsen, T., Mehta, C. M., & Keller, J. (2015). Platforms for energy and nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater: A review. Chemosphere, 140, 2-11. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.021Bilad, M. R., Arafat, H. A., & Vankelecom, I. F. J. (2014). Membrane technology in microalgae cultivation and harvesting: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 32(7), 1283-1300. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.008Carrington E.-G. 2001 Evaluation of Sludge Treatments for Pathogen Reduction. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/pubs/home.htm.Cookney, J., Mcleod, A., Mathioudakis, V., Ncube, P., Soares, A., Jefferson, B., & McAdam, E. J. (2016). Dissolved methane recovery from anaerobic effluents using hollow fibre membrane contactors. Journal of Membrane Science, 502, 141-150. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.037De Morais, M. G., & Costa, J. A. V. (2007). Biofixation of carbon dioxide by Spirulina sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in a three-stage serial tubular photobioreactor. Journal of Biotechnology, 129(3), 439-445. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.01.009Giménez, J. B., Robles, A., Carretero, L., Durán, F., Ruano, M. V., Gatti, M. N., … Seco, A. (2011). Experimental study of the anaerobic urban wastewater treatment in a submerged hollow-fibre membrane bioreactor at pilot scale. Bioresource Technology, 102(19), 8799-8806. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.014Giménez, J. B., Martí, N., Ferrer, J., & Seco, A. (2012). Methane recovery efficiency in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating sulphate-rich urban wastewater: Evaluation of methane losses with the effluent. Bioresource Technology, 118, 67-72. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.019Giménez, J. B., Bouzas, A., Carrere, H., Steyer, J.-P., Ferrer, J., & Seco, A. (2018). Assessment of cross-flow filtration as microalgae harvesting technique prior to anaerobic digestion: Evaluation of biomass integrity and energy demand. Bioresource Technology, 269, 188-194. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.052González-Camejo, J., Serna-García, R., Viruela, A., Pachés, M., Durán, F., Robles, A., … Seco, A. (2017). Short and long-term experiments on the effect of sulphide on microalgae cultivation in tertiary sewage treatment. Bioresource Technology, 244, 15-22. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.126Martí, N., Barat, R., Seco, A., Pastor, L., & Bouzas, A. (2017). Sludge management modeling to enhance P-recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Environmental Management, 196, 340-346. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.074Moosbrugger R. , WentzelM. & EkamaG.1992Simple Titration Procedures to Determine H2CO3 Alkalinity and Short-chain Fatty Acids in Aqueous Solutions Containing Known Concentrations of Ammonium, Phosphate and Sulphide Weak Acid/Bases. Water. Res. Commission, Report, No. TT 57/92.Morales, N., Boehler, M., Buettner, S., Liebi, C., & Siegrist, H. (2013). Recovery of N and P from Urine by Struvite Precipitation Followed by Combined Stripping with Digester Sludge Liquid at Full Scale. Water, 5(3), 1262-1278. doi:10.3390/w5031262Pretel, R., Durán, F., Robles, A., Ruano, M. V., Ribes, J., Serralta, J., & Ferrer, J. (2015). Designing an AnMBR-based WWTP for energy recovery from urban wastewater: The role of primary settling and anaerobic digestion. Separation and Purification Technology, 156, 132-139. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.047Pretel, R., Robles, A., Ruano, M. V., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2016). Economic and environmental sustainability of submerged anaerobic MBR-based (AnMBR-based) technology as compared to aerobic-based technologies for moderate-/high-loaded urban wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.004Sharma, B., Sarkar, A., Singh, P., & Singh, R. P. (2017). Agricultural utilization of biosolids: A review on potential effects on soil and plant grown. Waste Management, 64, 117-132. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.002Sialve, B., Bernet, N., & Bernard, O. (2009). Anaerobic digestion of microalgae as a necessary step to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable. Biotechnology Advances, 27(4), 409-416. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.03.001Sid, S., Volant, A., Lesage, G., & Heran, M. (2017). Cost minimization in a full-scale conventional wastewater treatment plant: associated costs of biological energy consumption versus sludge production. Water Science and Technology, 76(9), 2473-2481. doi:10.2166/wst.2017.423Viruela, A., Murgui, M., Gómez-Gil, T., Durán, F., Robles, Á., Ruano, M. V., … Seco, A. (2016). Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage. Bioresource Technology, 218, 447-454. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.11