Comportamiento reproductivo de la raza Jersey.

Se determinaron los rasgos reproductivos (período de servicio, intervalo parto-parto, duración de la gestación y servicio por gestación) de la raza Jersey y se valoraron los factores no genéticos que los afectaron. Se utilizaron los registros de 150 partos ocurridos entre 2004 y 2013, en la UEB Los Pinosde la Empresa Pecuaria Triángulo Tres, Camagüey, Cuba. Las vacas fueron inseminadas con semen de toros de la misma raza. Se utilizó el paquete estadísti-co SPSS, versión 11,5, para calcular los estadígrafos básicos, analizar la normalidad de las variables (test de Kolmo-gorov-Smirnov). Se realizó la prueba de Levene y un análisis de varianza lineal múltiple para cada variable dependiente. Los factores no genéticos que afectaron al período de servicio e intervalo parto-parto fueron: el número de partos, época y año del parto. Los valores obtenidos para los rasgos período de servicio e intervalo parto-parto fue-ron: 259,2 ± 13,2 y 539,8 ± 13,2 días, respectivamente. La duración de la gestación (280,6 ± 1,6 días) y el servicio por gestación (2,2 ± 0,2 servicios realizados) no fueron afectados por ninguno de los efectos no genéticos estudiados. Jersey Breed Reproductive Performance. ABSTRACT Reproductive traits affected by non-genetic factors were determined for Jersey breed herds on Los Pinos dairy farm from Triángulo Tres Livestock Center in Camagüey, Cuba. Data from 150 calving registered between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed. Performance of reproductive traits, i.e., calving to pregnancy interval, calving interval, preg-nancy span, and services per pregnancy, was evaluated. Cows were artificially inseminated with semen from Jersey-breed sires. Version 11.5 SPSS software program was used to estimate basic statisticians and analyze variables nor-mal range (Kolmogorov-Smirnov’s test). Each independent variable was performed the Levene’s test and a multiple linear analysis of variance. Results indicated that non-genetic factors affecting calving to pregnancy interval (259,2 ± 13,2 days) and calving interval (539,8 ± 13,2 days) were calving number, season, and year. However, no ef-fect from non-genetic factors on pregnancy span and services per pregnancy was found

Epigenetic mechanisms and posttranslational Modifications in systemic lupus erythematosus

The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells is regulated through numerous mechanisms, including epigenetic changes and posttranslational modifications. The wide-ranging diversity of these mechanisms constitutes a way of dynamic regulation of the functionality of proteins, their activity, and their subcellular localization as well as modulation of the di erential expression of genes in response to external and internal stimuli that allow an organism to respond or adapt to accordingly. However, alterations in these mechanisms have been evidenced in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present review aims to provide an approach to the current knowledge of the implications of these mechanisms in SLE pathophysiology

Advancements in dementia research, diagnostics and care in Latin America : highlights from the 2023 Alzheimer's association international conference satellite symposium in Mexico City

While Latin America (LatAm) is facing an increasing burden of dementia due to the rapid aging of the population, it remains underrepresented in dementia research, diagnostics and care. In 2023, the Alzheimer’s Association hosted its eighth Satellite Symposium in Mexico, highlighting emerging dementia research, priorities, and challenges within LatAm. A wide range of topics were covered, including epidemiology, social determinants, dementia national plans, risk reduction, genetics, biomarkers, biobanks, and advancements in treatments. Large initiatives in the region including intra-country support showcased their efforts in fostering national and international collaborations; genetic studies unveiled the unique genetic admixture in LatAm; emerging clinical trials discussed ongoing culturally specific interventions; and the urgent need to harmonize practices and studies, improve diagnosis and care and implement affordable biomarkers in the region was highlighted

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

MetroTeach: Modelling of knowledge and skills in a MOOC with the visuo-cognitive metaphor of the metro map

International audienceCurrently, modelling of knowledge and skills in a MOOC and the associated instructional and pedagogical engineering process is a major challenge in order to support designers and facilitate learning. This article explains how visuo-cognitive metaphors of the “metro map” and “travel” make possible the design of connections between the representation of knowledge and learning. The researcher can measure this approach in a double movement: topography to topology (from visual-spatial experience to cognitive change) and topology to topography (from metaphor to artifact design). Our reflections focus first on the application of Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory in learning, as well as on the contributions of the Loci method on cognition. These theories and the results of previous work have shown the interest of the metro map metaphor in the Computer Environment for Human Learning (EIAH in French), which we have implemented in our ©Metroteach model with the Design-Based Research method. Recent studies have revealed a heterogeneity of MOOC devices and a lack of application of instructional engineering principles. We therefore pose these questions again by proposing a model of the MetroTeach system. This will allow us to rethink the ontological dimensions of MOOCs and their legitimate status as a research object

Antropología Social - HU15 - 202102

Descripción: El curso general de Antropología Social en la Facultad de Comunicaciones es de carácter teórico y busca desarrollar las competencias generales Ciudadanía (Nivel 2) y Análisis e Interpretación de la Realidad (Nivel 1). El curso abordará una breve historia teórica del pensamiento antropológico desde autores y conceptos de la escuela inglesa, norteamericana y francesa, entre otras. Si bien no se pretende englobar todas las corrientes teóricas ni todas las sub-disciplinas de la antropología social, sí se plantea enfatizar sus hitos más resaltantes. Así, el curso se propone introducir al alumno a la reflexión crítica sobre las sociedades desde distintos enfoques antropológicos, tanto clásicos como contemporáneos. Propósito: El objetivo central del curso es brindarle al alumno una mirada antropológica, nutriéndolo con un marco teórico y metodológico pertinente para explicar las dimensiones sociales y culturales de la vida contemporánea. Este objetivo central es transversal a todas las secciones del curso y a los temas de investigación de cada uno de los profesores del curso, quienes aprovecharán sus actuales y particulares líneas antropológicas de especialización académica para nutrir al alumno de una exploración profunda en un tema específico dentro del campo de las ciencias sociales

Antropología Social - HU15 - 202101

Descripción: El curso general de Antropología Social en la Facultad de Comunicaciones es de carácter teórico y busca desarrollar las competencias generales Ciudadanía (Nivel 2) y Análisis e Interpretación de la Realidad (Nivel 1). El curso abordará una breve historia teórica del pensamiento antropológico desde autores y conceptos de la escuela inglesa, norteamericana y francesa, entre otras. Si bien no se pretende englobar todas las corrientes teóricas ni todas las sub-disciplinas de la antropología social, sí se plantea enfatizar sus hitos más resaltantes. Así, el curso se propone introducir al alumno a la reflexión crítica sobre las sociedades desde distintos enfoques antropológicos, tanto clásicos como contemporáneos. Propósito: El objetivo central del curso es brindarle al alumno una mirada antropológica, nutriéndolo con un marco teórico y metodológico pertinente para explicar las dimensiones sociales y culturales de la vida contemporánea. Este objetivo central es transversal a todas las secciones del curso y a los temas de investigación de cada uno de los profesores del curso, quienes aprovecharán sus actuales y particulares líneas antropológicas de especialización académica para nutrir al alumno de una exploración profunda en un tema específico dentro del campo de las ciencias sociales