CONSUMO DE MACRONUTRIMENTOS E INGRESO ECONÓMICO EN FAMILIAS DE NUEVO LEÓN, MÉXICO

Diseñar el índice de consumo de macronutrimentos y establecer la posible asociación con el ingreso económico en familias del Estado de Nuevo León, México. Estudio observacional, transversal, se seleccionaron 7,607 familias pertenecientes al estudio nutricional Diagnostico Nutriológico De Las Familias Y Menores De 5 Años De Edad Del Estado De Nuevo León En El 2000. Para el diseño del índice se tomaron tres indicadores, la adecuación de la ingesta de proteínas, hidratos de carbono y grasas, obtenidos por la ingesta de estos nutrimentos a nivel familiar en relación a las ingestas recomendadas obtenidas por la metodología (CEPAL/OMS), utilizando las recomendaciones del INN para población mexicana. Para evaluar si había asociación entre el índice de consumo de macronutrimentos y el ingreso económico se utilizó Prueba de Ji2 y Correlación de Pearson. El estrato medio de ingreso contiene al 72%, el 20% están contenidas en el estrato bajo y el en estrato alto se ubica solo un 8.0%. El ICM en las 7,606 familias mostró que el 44.6% de las familias encuestadas tienen un ICM bajo, el 38.6% tiene un ICM en exceso y el 16.8% tienen ICM adecuado. El ICM está asociado al ingreso. El Índice de consumo de macronutrimentos puede ser una herramienta útil para identificar poblaciones o grupos de personas en riesgo nutricio basado en la calidad de la dieta. El ICM está asociado al ingreso monetario en las familias estudiadas.Palabras clave: Índice de macronutrimentos, ingreso, familias.Macronutrients Consumption Index, economic income, familie

SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN FAMILIAS DE NUEVO LEÓN, MÉXICO

La seguridad alimentaria se puede analizar a partir de información generada para otros objetivos, sin embargo lo deseable es que esa información sea creada con la finalidad de analizar, desarrollar programas y crear políticas alimentarias, en Nuevo León, México, se realizan investigaciones poblacionales pero ninguna de ellas enfoca directamente el aspecto de la seguridad alimentaria de manera que los resultados e inferencias se determinan de otras investigaciones y bases de datos. La seguridad alimentaria es una condición dinámica en  la que se incluyen a los factores sociales, la falta de seguridad alimentaria en general no es un problema de producción sino a la falta de “Derecho alimentario” que significa falta de recursos para adquirirlos. Las fuentes de información que sustentan la seguridad alimentaria nutricional son variadas pero deben permitir el seguimiento de la situación alimentaria, entre otros, la vigilancia nutricional y alimentaria es la más frecuente a través de encuestas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En el análisis de la seguridad alimentaria en Nuevo León se utilizaron los componentes de disponibilidad alimentaria, acceso alimentario y otros indicadores tales como:peso al nacer, estado nutricio en menores de cinco años, patrón de consumo alimentario, índice de marginación, intervenciones en nutrición.Palabras calves: seguridad alimentaria, familias, Nuevo León, México Nourishing security, families, Nuevo León, Méxic

Realfood and cancer: analysis of the reliability and quality of YouTube content

This study analyzes the quality and reliability of videos related to nutrition and cancer on YouTube. Study Design: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, time-limited study analyzing activity on the social network YouTube was proposed. Methods: The information from the videos was extracted through an API search tool, using the NodeXL software. The criteria to select the videos on YouTube were the keywords “real food”, “realfood”, and “cancer” and the hashtags #realfood and #cancer were present, videos in English and videos available on 1 December 2022. Results: The DISCERN value in the total number of videos viewed was 2.25 (±0.88) points, indicating low reliability. The videos uploaded by HRU represented only 20.8%. Videos suggesting that the use of foods defined as “real food” could cure cancer without the intervention of any other treatment accounted for 12.5%. Videos that provided external links to scientific/technical evidence verifying the information represented only 13.89% of the total number of videos. Of these videos, 70% corresponded to HRU. The DISCERN value for videos from HRU users was 3.05 (0.88), a value that reflects a good reliability of videos from these users. Conclusions: This study provides information on the content and quality of the videos that we can find on YouTube. We found videos of non-health users who do not base their content on any scientific evidence, with the danger that this entails for the population, but it also highlights that the videos published by HRU have greater reliability and quality, being better perceived by the population, so it is important to encourage healthcare professionals and health institutions to share verified information on YouTube.This research was funded by Fundación Banco Santander and Fundación Alfonso X el Sabio, grant number 1014011. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

CAMBIOS EN LA CALIDAD DE LA DIETA EN FAMILIAS DE UN ESTADO DEL NORESTE DE MEXICO; ANALISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA INGESTA DE NUTRIMENTOS

La evaluación de la ingesta de energía y nutrientes es esencial en el estudio del estado nutricional de grupos vulnerables al contribuir a la identificación de riesgos nutricionales, el propósito de la investigación, fue determinar si había diferencias en el Índice de Ingesta de Macronutrimentos en familias de Nuevo León en el año 2005 con respecto al año 2000. Solo se encontró aumento en la ingesta promedio de las grasas (p<0.05), asimismo, fue el único macronutrimento que rebasó la recomendación con respecto a la proporción que le corresponde en el aporte de la energía consumida, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la adecuación de las ingestas a las ingestas recomendadas en proteínas (p<0.05) e hidratos de carbono (p<0.05), asimismo se encontraron disminución en la proporción de familias con ingesta deficiente (p<0.05) y aumento en estrato de exceso (p<0.05). El índice de macronutrimentos fue útil para determinar los cambios ocurridos en la calidad de la dieta de las familias estudiadas de manera global. Abstract The evaluation of energy intake and nutrients is essential to study the nutritional status of vulnerable groups to assist in the identification of nutritional risk, the purpose of the research was to determine whether there were differences in macronutrient intake index in families of Nuevo Leon in 2005 compared to 2000. There was only increased the average intake of fat (p <0.05) also was the only macronutrient that exceeded the recommendation with respect to the proportional interest in the contribution of energy consumed, significant differences in the adaptation intakes than the recommended intake of protein (p <0.05) and carbohydrates (p <0.05), also found a decrease in the proportion of families with inadequate intake (p <0.05) and increased excess layer (p <0.05). The rate of macronutrients was useful in determining changes in the quality of the diet of the families studied comprehensively. Palabras clave: ingesta, nutrimentos, calidad de diet

Arbovirus risk perception as a predictor of mosquito-bite preventive behaviors in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Mosquito-borne arboviruses are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Caribbean. In Puerto Rico, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses have each caused large outbreaks during 2010–2022. To date, the majority of control measures to prevent these diseases focus on mosquito control and many require community participation. In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the COPA project, a community-based cohort study in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to measure the impact of novel vector control interventions in reducing arboviral infections. Randomly selected households from 38 designated cluster areas were offered participation, and baseline data were collected from 2,353 households between May 2018 and May 2019. Household-level responses were provided by one representative per home. Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data were conducted to estimate 1) the association between arboviral risk perception and annual household expenditure on mosquito control, and 2) the association between arboviral risk perception and engagement in ≥3 household-level risk reduction behaviors. In this study, 27% of household representatives believed their household was at high risk of arboviruses and 36% of households engaged in at least three of the six household-level preventive behaviors. Households where the representative perceived their household at high risk spent an average of $35.9 (95$23.7, $48.1) more annually on mosquito bite prevention compared to households where the representative perceived no risk. The probability of engaging in ≥3 household-level mosquito-preventive behaviors was 10.2 percentage points greater (7.2, 13.0) in households where the representatives perceived high risk compared to those in which the representatives perceived no risk. Paired with other research, these results support investment in community-based participatory approaches to mosquito control and providing accessible information for communities to accurately interpret their risk

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks : The GR@ACE project

Introduction: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. Methods: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. Results: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. Discussion: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series

Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects Latinos at twice the rate seen in populations of European descent. We recently identified a risk haplotype spanning SLC16A11 that explains ∼20% of the increased T2D prevalence in Mexico. Here, through genetic fine-mapping, we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele(s). We show that variants on the T2D-associated haplotype have two distinct effects: (1) decreasing SLC16A11 expression in liver and (2) disrupting a key interaction with basigin, thereby reducing cell-surface localization. Both independent mechanisms reduce SLC16A11 function and suggest SLC16A11 is the causal gene at this locus. To gain insight into how SLC16A11 disruption impacts T2D risk, we demonstrate that SLC16A11 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter and that genetic perturbation of SLC16A11 induces changes in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that are associated with increased T2D risk. Our findings suggest that increasing SLC16A11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for T2D. Video Abstract [Figure presented] Keywords: type 2 diabetes (T2D); genetics; disease mechanism; SLC16A11; MCT11; solute carrier (SLC); monocarboxylates; fatty acid metabolism; lipid metabolism; precision medicin

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs