“O problema é a enorme produção de espermatozoides”: concepções de corpo no campo da contracepção masculina

Desde o final dos anos 1960, há tentativas de produção de um contraceptivo masculino reversível com eficácia equivalente à da pílula anticoncepcional. Até hoje, esse produto não foi lançado, e as justificativas para tal baseiamse em entraves de ordem política, econômica, cultural e biológica. O argumento do obstáculo fisiológico tem bastante proeminência nessas explicações e será o nosso foco neste artigo. Com base nos estudos de gênero e ciência, buscamos compreender como esse raciocínio aparece no trabalho de viabilização dessa tecnologia por um ator de destaque no campo, a organização não governamental (ONG) estadunidense Male Contraception Initiative. Por meio da técnica de análise de documentos e com base na metodologia de análise do discurso, buscamos compreender como o corpo masculino é representado e, consequentemente, materializado nesse processo de viabilização de uma “pílula masculina”, e debater o caráter generificado das concepções e intervenções biomédicas. Observa-se que a função reprodutiva dos homens cisgêneros é construída como complexa e, em certo sentido, resistente a intervenções farmacológicas. Tal caracterização se dá em comparação com o corpo feminino cisgênero, que é configurado como mais acessível para a realização da contracepção. A tradicional associação entremulheres e reprodução ehomens e sexo é facilmente reconhecida nessas perspectivas.Since the late 1960s, attempts have been made to produce a reversible male contraceptive with efficacy equivalent to that of the contraceptive pill. To date, this product has not been launched and the justificationsforthisarebasedonpolitical,economic, cultural and biological barriers. The argument of a physiological obstacle has a lot of prominence in these explanations and will be our focus in this article. From the perspective of gender and science studies, we aim to understand how this argument appears incurrent efforts topromote this technology by a prominent actor in the field, the US NGO Male ContraceptionInitiative(MCI).Byusingthedocument analysis technique andthemethodology ofdiscourse analysis, we aim to understand how the male body is represented and, thus, how it is materialized in this process of developing a “male pill”, and to discuss the gendered character of biomedical conceptions and interventions in the field of contraception. We observed thatthe reproductive function of cisgender men is constructed as complex and, in a sense, as resistant to pharmacological interventions. Such characterizationoccursincomparisonwiththefemale cisgender body, which is seen as more accessible for contraception. The traditional association between women and reproduction and men and sex is easily recognized in these perspectives.Since the late 1960s, attempts have been made to produce a reversible male contraceptive with efficacy equivalent to that of the contraceptive pill. To date, this product has not been launched and the justificationsforthisarebasedonpolitical,economic, cultural and biological barriers. The argument of a physiological obstacle has a lot of prominence in these explanations and will be our focus in this article. From the perspective of gender and science studies, we aim to understand how this argument appears incurrent efforts topromote this technology by a prominent actor in the field, the US NGO Male ContraceptionInitiative(MCI).Byusingthedocument analysis technique andthemethodology ofdiscourse analysis, we aim to understand how the male body is represented and, thus, how it is materialized in this process of developing a “male pill”, and to discuss the gendered character of biomedical conceptions and interventions in the field of contraception. We observed thatthe reproductive function of cisgender men is constructed as complex and, in a sense, as resistant to pharmacological interventions. Such characterizationoccursincomparisonwiththefemale cisgender body, which is seen as more accessible for contraception. The traditional association between women and reproduction and men and sex is easily recognized in these perspectives

ALOCAÇÃO DE RECURSOS PÚBLICOS EM MUNICÍPIOS PARAIBANOS

O presente trabalho se propõe a desenvolver uma metodologia composta por indicadores de gestão pública capaz de avaliar a performance dos municípios em relação as funções de governo. Para tanto, a classificação metodológica da pesquisa será quanto a sua natureza, trabalho científico, quanto aos objetivos, exploratória e descritiva, quanto aos procedimentos, bibliográfica e documental, e quanto à abordagem, quantitativa.   A delimitação geográfica e a aplicação empírica do modelo foram realizadas nos dez municípios com mais de 50.000 (cinquenta mil) habitantes do estado da Paraíba (Bayeux, Cabedelo, Cajazeiras, Campina Grande, Guarabira, João Pessoa, Patos, Santa Rita, Sapé e Sousa). Os resultados obtidos, de forma geral, retratam através de índices encontrados e analisados, que a média geral de alocação de recursos públicos nas principais funções de governo (competência municipal) aponta para um estado de alerta em relação aos critérios (funções) estudados, denotando que os gestores municipais dessas cidades precisam rever suas estratégias de atuação em relação ao atendimento das necessidades e anseios da sociedade na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população

Measurement of differential cross sections for top quark pair production using the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

National Science Foundation (U.S.

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio