Vegetation water use based on a thermal and optical remote sensing model in the mediterranean region of Doñana

Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is a central process in the climate system, is a major component in the terrestrial water budget, and is responsible for the distribution of water and energy on land surfaces especially in arid and semiarid areas. In order to inform water management decisions especially in scarce water environments, it is important to assess ET vegetation use by differentiating irrigated socio-economic areas and natural ecosystems. The global remote sensing ET product MOD16 has proven to underestimate ET in semiarid regions where ET is very sensitive to soil moisture. The objective of this research was to test whether a modified version of the remote sensing ET model PT-JPL, proven to perform well in drylands at Eddy Covariance flux sites using the land surface temperature as a proxy to the surface moisture status (PT-JPL-thermal), could be up-scaled at regional levels introducing also a new formulation for net radiation from various MODIS products. We applied three methods to track the spatial and temporal characteristics of ET in the World Heritage UNESCO Doñana region: (i) a locally calibrated hydrological model (WATEN), (ii) the PT-JPL-thermal, and (iii) the global remote sensing ET product MOD16. The PT-JPL-thermal showed strong agreement with the WATEN ET in-situ calibrated estimates (ρ = 0.78, ρ1month-lag = 0.94) even though the MOD16 product did not (ρ = 0.48). The PT-JPL-thermal approach has proven to be a robust remote sensing model for detecting ET at a regional level in Mediterranean environments and it requires only air temperature and incoming solar radiation from climatic databases apart from freely available satellite products

Delimitación de zonas con plantaciones exóticas para la sustitución por especies nativas aportando a la recuperación y conservación de los recursos hídricos en el resguardo indígena Muisca en el municipio de Chía, Cundinamarca.

Tablas de modelo entidad - relacion, Mapas y poligonos de identificacion de geoprocesos, Tabla de especies nativas recomendadasEl resguardo Indígena Muisca de Fonquetá y Cerca de Piedra se encuentra ubicado en el Departamento de Cundinamarca, municipio de Chía, el territorio se encuentra al occidente de este municipio, con área aprox. 287 Ha. Reconocido según el acuerdo 315 de 2013 del INCODER, en donde habitan 300 familias aprox. que hacen parte de un pueblo ancestral de la familia chibcha. Para el cual se realizó el presente estudio, en donde se identificó y analizó a través de los sistemas de información geográfica y referencias directas del territorio la problemática que presentan los recursos hídricos a causa de la plantaciones exóticas en este ente territorial, evidenciando de esta manera que los pozos naturales han reducido su nivel siendo estos de gran relevancia para la comunidad. Por lo tanto se delimitaron las áreas, luego se realizó un cálculo aproximado de la densidad de especies vegetales identificadas por metro cuadrado y se recomendaron algunas especies nativas, como aporte para diseñar e implementar un plan de manejo forestal en este territorio de acuerdo con las exigencias las autoridades ambientales del Departamento y los mandos, normas y leyes del Resguardo indígena.The Muisca Indigenous reservation of Fonquetá and Cerca de Piedra is located in the Department of Cundinamarca, municipality of Chía, the territory is located to the west of this municipality, with an area of approximately 287 ha. Recognized according to agreement 315 of 2013 of INCODER, where 300 families live approx. that are part of an ancestral village of the Chibcha family. For which the present study was conducted, where it was identified and analyzed through geographic information systems and direct references of the territory the problems presented by water resources due to exotic plantations in this territorial entity, thus evidencing that natural wells have reduced their level being these of great importance for the community. Therefore, the areas were delimited, then an approximate calculation was made of the density of plant species identified per square meter and some native species were recommended, as a contribution to design and implement a forest management plan in this territory according to the requirements of the environmental authorities of the Department and the commands, rules and laws of the indigenous Resguardo

Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda (EDA) En el departamento de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina entre el periodo 2005 a 2019

Este trabajo tiene como fin abordar la problemática de morbimortalidad por Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda en menores de 5 años que se presenta en el Departamento de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina por medio del diseño de una propuesta de intervención con estrategias de promoción y mantenimiento de la salud que se articulan con el Plan Decenal de Salud Publica vigente y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenibles.The purpose of this work is to address the problem of morbidity and mortality due to Acute Diarrheal Disease in children under 5 years of age that occurs in the Department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina through the design of an intervention proposal with strategies for the promotion and maintenance of that are articulated with the current Ten-Year Public Health Plan and the sustainable development objectives

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Nariño, Municipios de Pasto, Ipiales y Funes.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Nariño, Municipios de Pasto, Ipiales y Funes.El conflicto armado en Colombia ha hecho visibles muchos territorios y personas que eran desconocidos. En este trabajo se comprende y se analiza el caso de Ana Ligia una mujer del corregimiento de Aquitania, desplazada en dos oportunidades a causa de la violencia y los conflictos entre la guerrilla, paramilitares y ejército. En su relato nos muestra las subjetividades inmersas en su vivencia, el deseo de lucha pese a la angustia y miedo que vivieron todas las personas a las cuales se les vulneraron sus derechos. Ella es un ejemplo que pese a su situación trabajó con los desplazados escuchándolos, brindándoles apoyo psicosocial y continúa como modelo de coraje y no victimización, porque realizó estudios técnicos, hace poesía para liberar su dolor y espera una oportunidad laboral. La Violencia en Colombia a través de los años, ha dejado mucho para contar y seguimos en nuestros territorios percibiendo el miedo, los diferentes hechos como Desplazamiento Forzoso, masacres, asesinato a líderes, familias desorientadas, niños y niñas huérfanos, padres o madres abandonadas porque sus hijos salieron en busca de un mejor futuro, veredas o pueblos que han sido imágenes vivas de lo que en el pasado se llamó “Guerra o Violencia”. Lo que se busca con los aportes psicosociales como estrategia de superación de los actos de violencia es llegar a la comunidad, escuchar los relatos de los cuales han sido víctimas y encaminar una ruta de Atención para mitigar el dolor y hacer un pacto, hacer la violencia a un lado y construir paz, es lo que como base principal de sociedad debemos de tener. El grupo propone una serie de preguntas organizadas en circulares reflexivas y estratégicas para el caso de Ana Ligia. Otra historia que se analiza es la de las comunidades afro de Cacarica, territorios ricos en recursos naturales e hídricos, el valor que le dan a la tierra es el fundamento donde se construye su vida y su identidad; pero sumidas en la pobreza por causa de las disputas por los territorios, lo cual genera los enfrentamientos y se producen desplazamientos, amenazas, desapariciones y masacres.The armed conflict in Colombia has made visible many Territories and people who were unknown. In this work it is understandable and discusses the case of Ana Ligia, a woman of the Aquitania region, displaced twice because of violence and conflict between guerrillas, paramilitaries and the army. His story shows us subjectivities immersed in its experience, the desire to fight despite the anguish and fear that all persons which were violated their rights. She is an example that despite their situation worked with displaced persons listening to them, providing psychosocial support and continues as a model of courage and no victimization, because technical studies, makes poetry to release their pain and expected a job opportunity. Violence in Colombia over the years, has left much to tell and we continue in our territories perceiving fear, the different facts such as forced displacement, massacres, murder to leaders and children orphaned, confused families, fathers or mothers abandoned because their children went out in search of a better future, hamlets or villages that have been vivid images of what in the past was called "War and violence". What is sought with the psycho-social contributions as strategy for overcoming violence, reach the community, listen to the stories which have been the victims and direct a route of attention to alleviate pain and make a Pact, make the violence aside and to build peace, is what must have as a main basis of society. The Group proposes a series of questions organized into strategic and reflective circulars for the case of Ana Ligia. Another story that is analyzed is afro communities of Cacarica, territories rich in natural and water resources, the value given to the land is the Foundation is built where his life and his identity; but mired in poverty because of disputes for the territories, which generated clashes and produced displacement, threats, disappearances and massacres

Critical COPD respiratory illness is linked to increased transcriptomic activity of neutrophil proteases genes

BACKGROUND: Gene expression profiling (GEP) in cells obtained from peripheral blood has shown that this is a very useful approach for biomarker discovery and for studying molecular pathogenesis of prevalent diseases. While there is limited literature available on gene expression markers associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the transcriptomic picture associated with critical respiratory illness in this disease is not known at the present moment. FINDINGS: By using Agilent microarray chips, we have profiled gene expression signatures in the whole blood of 28 COPD patients hospitalized with different degrees of respiratory compromise.12 of them needed of admission to the ICU, whilst 16 were admitted to the Respiratory Medicine Service. GeneSpring GX 11.0 software was used for performing statistical comparisons of transcript levels between ICU and non-ICU patients. Ingenuity pathway analysis 8.5 (IPA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to select, annotate and visualize genes by function and pathway (gene ontology). T-test showed evidence of 1501 genes differentially expressed between ICU and non-ICU patients. IPA and KEGG analysis of the most representative biological functions revealed that ICU patients had increased levels of neutrophil gene transcripts, being [cathepsin G (CTSG)], [elastase, neutrophil expressed (ELANE)], [proteinase 3 (PRTN3)], [myeloperoxidase (MPO)], [cathepsin D (CTSD)], [defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific (DEFA3)], azurocidin 1 (AZU1)], and [bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)] the most representative ones. Proteins codified by these genes form part of the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and are involved in both antimicrobial defence and tissue damage. This “neutrophil signature” was paralleled by the necessity of advanced respiratory and vital support, and the presence of bacterial infection. CONCLUSION: Study of transcriptomic signatures in blood suggests an essential role of neutrophil proteases in COPD patients with critical respiratory illness. Measurement and modulation of the expression of these genes could present an option for clinical monitoring and treatment of severe COPD exacerbations

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The impact of culture on neuropsychological performance: A global social cognition study across 12 countries

AbstractBackgroundDecades of researches aiming to unveil truths about human neuropsychology may have instead unveil facts appropriate to only a fraction of the world's population: those living in western educated rich democratic nations (Muthukrishna et al., 2020 Psych Sci). So far, most studies were conducted as if education and cultural assumptions on which neuropsychology is based were universals and applied everywhere in the world. The importance given to sociological or cultural factors is thus still relatively ignored. With the growth of international clinical studies on dementia, we believe that documenting the potential inter‐cultural differences at stake in a common neuropsychological assessment is an essential topic. This study thus aimed to explore these potential variations in two classical tasks used in neuropsychology that are composing the mini‐SEA (Bertoux et al., 2012 JNNP), i.e. a reduced version of the well‐known Ekman faces (FER), where one has to recognize facial emotions, and a modified version of the Faux Pas test (mFP), where one has to detect and explain social faux.MethodThe data of 573 control participants were collected through the Social Cognition & FTLD Network, an international consortium investigating social cognitive changes in dementia covering 3 continents (18 research centres in 12 countries). Impact of demographic factors and the effect of countries on performance (mini‐SEA, FER, mFP) were explored through linear mixed‐effects models.ResultAge, education and gender were found to significantly impact the performance of the mini‐SEA subtests. Significant and important variations across the countries were also retrieved, with England having the highest performance for all scores. When controlling for demographical factors, differences within countries explained between 14% (mFP) and 24% (FER) of the variance at the mini‐SEA. These variations were not explained by any economical or sociological metrics.ConclusionImportant variations of performance were observed across the 12 countries of the consortium, showing how cultural differences may critically impact neuropsychological performance in international studies