La importancia del vanadio en los seres vivos

Abstract (The importance of vanadium in living organisms)The discovery of high vanadium concentrations in living organisms and the constant development of bioinorganic chemistry have promoted the interest in understanding the biological role of this metal and its possible applications in medicinal inorganic chemistry. The design of new metal-based drugs depends largely on the physicochemical properties of the metallic center under physiological conditions. In this paper we present a short review on the biological role of vanadium and its function as an active center in certain enzymes, as well as the state-of-the-art of vanadium-based drugs with antifungical, anticarcinogenic and antiobesity properties.ResumenEl descubrimiento de organismos con concentraciones de vanadio superiores a las normales, aunado al desarrollo de la química bioinorgánica, ha despertado interés por entender a fondo las funciones biológicas que este elemento pueda desempeñar y las posibles aplicaciones que los compuestos de coordinación con dicho metal puedan tener en farmacología. El diseño de fármacos basados en metales depende, en gran parte, de las propiedades farmacológicas del centro metálico en el organismo. En este artículo se presenta una breve revisión sobre algunas funciones biológicas del vanadio y su papel en el centro activo de enzimas, así como las últimas investigaciones enfocadas al desarrollo de fármacos basados en vanadio con actividad antifúngica, anticancerígena y antiobesidad

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Ética Profesional y Responsabilidad Social Universitaria

este libro compila reflexiones y experiencias en responsabilidad social y ética profesional desde instituciones de Educación Superior. La responsabilidad social universitaria, como ámbito de investigación y de desarrollo conceptual y metodológico es transversal a las universidades, tanto desde el punto de vista organizacional, como desde el misional e investigativo. Quienes impulsen la responsabilidad social, requieren de ética profesional, que debe ser la clave para la construcción de principios que guíen a empresarios, políticos, gestores sociales, investigadores, entre otros, para lograr consensuar el a veces difícil equilibrio entre el bien común y el desarrollo personal

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), una app móvil con la solución integral de ARIA en países de habla hispana

Aunque existen guías clínicas de alta calidad sobre rinitis alérgica, numerosos pacientes reciben tratamiento deficiente, en parte debido al alto grado de automedicación. MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network) forma parte integral de un proyecto apoyado por la Unión Europea contra las enfermedades crónicas y enfocado al envejecimiento activo y saludable. Constituye la tercera fase de ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), en la cual mediante una aplicación móvil en un dispositivo inteligente se intenta guiar al paciente en el control de su multimorbilidad, rinitis o conjuntivitis alérgicas o asma. La aplicación Diario de Alergia por MACVIA-ARIA es gratuita y está disponible para Android e iOS; en ella, los pacientes indican diariamente cuánto les molestan los síntomas a través de cinco pantallas con una escala visual análoga; recientemente se agregaron dos pantallas más (afectación del sueño). La aplicación también permite descargar los datos del “Diario de alergias” en la computadora del médico en el momento de la consulta a través de un código QR. En este artículo reseñamos el primer año de experiencia en España, México y Argentina, que utilizan la versión española.Fil: Larenas Linnemann, Désirée. Fundación Clínica Médica Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mullol, Joaquim. Universitat de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Ivancevich, Juan Carlos. Clínica Santa Isabel; ArgentinaFil: Anto, Josep M. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Cardona, Victoria. Hospital Vall d’Hebron; EspañaFil: Dedeu, Toni. European Regional and Local Health Association; BélgicaFil: Rodríguez González, Mónica. Hospital Español; MéxicoFil: Huerta Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Neffen, Hugo. Center of Allergy; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Pérez, José Miguel. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Zagal, Endira. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Valero, Antonio. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Zernotti, Mario Emilio. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Bartra, Joan. Hospital Clínic; EspañaFil: Alobid, Isam. Hospital de La Fe; EspañaFil: Castillo Vizuete, José Antonio. Hospital Universitari Quirón; EspañaFil: Dordal, Teresa. Hospital Municipal Badalona; EspañaFil: Hijano, Rafael. Hospital del Mar; EspañaFil: Picado, César. European Federation of Allergy and Respiratory; España Diseases PatientsFil: Sastre, Joaquín. Fundación Jiménez Díaz; EspañaFil: Blua, Ariel Eduardo. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Jares, Edgardo. Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia; ArgentinaFil: Lavrut, Alberto Jorge. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde; ArgentinaFil: Máspero, Jorge. Fundación Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Alérgicas y Respiratorias; ArgentinaFil: Bedolla Barajas, Martín. Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion; MéxicoFil: Burguete Cabañas, María Teresa. Hospital Ángeles de Puebla; MéxicoFil: García Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne. Hospital Star Médica Aguascalientes; ArgentinaFil: García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia. Hospital Ángeles de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Hernández Velázquez, Luiana. 8Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Ensenada; MéxicoFil: Luna Pech, Jorge A. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Matta, Juan José. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Mogica Martínez, María Dolores. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rivero Yeverino, Daniela. Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Lucy Tania. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Del Río Navarro, Blanca E. Hospital Infantil de México; MéxicoFil: Gómez Vera, Javier. Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado; MéxicoFil: Macías Weinmann, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; MéxicoFil: Murray, Ruth. MedScript Ltd; IrlandaFil: Onorato, Gabrielle. MACVIA-France; FranciaFil: Laune, Daniel. Kyomed; FranciaFil: Bedbrook, Anna. MACVIA-France; FranciaFil: Bousquet, Jean. Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Franci

Käytännön kosteikkosuunnittelu

Maatalouden vesiensuojelua edistetään monin tavoin. Ravinteita ja eroosioainesta sisältäviä valumavesiä pyritään puhdistamaan erilaisissa kosteikoissa. Tämä opas on kirjoitettu avuksi pienimuotoisten kosteikkojen perustamiseen. Oppaassa esitetään käytännönläheisesti kosteikon toteuttamisen eri vaiheet paikan valinnasta suunnitteluun ja rakentamiseen. Vuonna 2010 julkaistun painoksen tiedot on saatettu ajantasalle. Julkaisu on toteutettu osana Tehoa maatalouden vesiensuojeluun (TEHO) -hanketta ja päivitetty TEHO Plus -hankkeen toimesta. Oppaan toivotaan lisäävän kiinnostusta kosteikkojen suunnitteluun ja edelleen niiden rakentamiseen

Executive Summary of ARIA 2019: Integrated care pathways for allergic rhinitis in Argentina, Spain and Mexico

El impacto sanitario y económico de las enfermedades alérgicas está aumentando rápidamente y se necesitan cambios en las estrategias para su manejo. Su influencia reduce al menos en un tercio la capacidad de desempeño laboral y escolar. Los ICP (Vías Integradas de Atención) de las enfermedades de las vías respiratorias son planes de atención estructurados y multidisciplinarios, que promueven las recomendaciones de las guías en protocolos locales y su aplicación a la práctica clínica. En este documento se presenta un resumen ejecutivo para Argentina, México y España. Se desarrollan las guías ARIA de próxima generación para el tratamiento farmacológico de la rinitis alérgica (RA) utilizando las pautas basadas en GRADE para RA, probadas con evidencia de la vida real proporcionada por tecnología móvil basada en escalas visuales analógicas. Se concluye que en el tratamiento de la RA, los antihistamínicos anti-H1 son menos efectivos que los corticoides intranasales (CINS), que en la rinitis grave los CINS representan la primera línea de tratamiento, y que la combinación intranasal de CINS + anti-H1 es más eficaz que la monoterapia. Sin embargo, según el estudio MASK observacional en vida real, los pacientes tienen pobre adherencia al tratamiento y frecuentemente se automedican de acuerdo con sus necesidades.The health and economic impact of allergic diseases are increasing rapidly, and changes in management strategies are required. Its influence reduces the capacity of work and school performance by at least a third. The ICPs of the airways (integrated care pathways for respiratory diseases) are structured multidisciplinary healthcare plans, promoting the recommendations of the guidelines in local protocols and their application to clinical practice. This document presents an executive summary for Argentina, Mexico, and Spain. Next-generation ARIA guidelines are being developed for the pharmacological treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), using the GRADE-based guidelines for AR, tested with real-life evidence provided by mobile technology with visual analogue scales. It is concluded that in the AR treatment, H1-antihistamines are less effective than intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), in severe AR the INCS represent the first line of treatment, and intranasal combination INCS + anti-H1 is more effective than monotherapy. However, according to the MASK real-life observational study, patients have poor adherence to treatment and often self-medicate, according to their needs