NMR Line Shape Analysis of a Multi-state Ligand Binding Mechanism in Chitosanase

Chitosan interaction with chitosanase was examined through analysis of spectral line shapes in the NMR HSQC titration experiments. We established that the substrate, chitosan hexamer, binds to the enzyme through the three-state induced-fit mechanism with fast formation of the encounter complex followed by slow isomerization of the bound-state into the final conformation. Mapping of the chemical shift perturbations in two sequential steps of the mechanism highlighted involvement of the substrate-binding subsites and the hinge region in the binding reaction. Equilibrium parameters of the three-state model agreed with the overall thermodynamic dissociation constant determined by ITC. This study presented the first kinetic evidence of the induced-fit mechanism in the glycoside hydrolases

A review on broodstock nutrition of marine pelagic spawners: the curious case of the freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.)

To sustain eel aquaculture, development of reproduction in captivity is vital. The aim of this review is to assess our current knowledge on the nutrition of broodstock eels in order to improve the quality of broodstock under farming conditions, drawing information from wild adult eels and other marine pelagic spawners. Freshwater eels spawn marine pelagic eggs with an oil droplet (type II), and with a large perivitelline space. Compared with other marine fish eggs, eel eggs are at the extreme end of the spectrum in terms of egg composition, even within this type II group. Eel eggs contain a large amount of total lipids, and a shortage of neutral lipids has been implied a cause for reduced survival of larvae. Eel eggs have higher ARA but lower EPA and DHA levels than in other fish. Too high levels of ARA negatively affected reproduction in the Japanese eel, although high levels of 18:2n-6 in the eggs of farmed eels were not detrimental. The total free amino acid amount and profile of eel eggs appears much different from other marine pelagic spawners. Nutritional intervention to influence egg composition seems feasible, but responsiveness of farmed eels to induced maturation might also require environmental manipulation. The challenge remains to succeed in raising European eel broodstock with formulated feeds and to enable the procurement of viable eggs and larvae, once adequate protocols for induced maturation have been developed

Nutritional situation for larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) in two nursery areas in thewestern Baltic Sea

The Greifswalder Bodden (GWB) is considered to be the most important spawning and nursery area for the western Baltic spring-spawning herring. However, the biotic and abiotic reasons for this are still unclear. Consequently, we investigated larval growth conditions in the GWB and in the Kiel Canal (KC), another nursery and spawning area of Baltic herring. We investigated prey quantity and quality [copepod abundance and essential fatty acid (EFA) concentration] as well as biochemically derived growth rates and fatty acid content of larval herring in spring 2011. A significant correlation between larval growth and larval EFA concentration could be observed in the GWB. The highest growth rates and EFA concentrations in the larval herring coincided with high food quality. Compensating effects of food quality on food quantity and vice versa could be observed in both the GWB and the KC. While larval growth rates in the KC were high early in the season, highest growth rates in the GWB were achieved late in the season. In conclusion, neither area was superior to the other, indicating similar growth conditions for larval herring within the region

A comparison of techniques for studying oogenesis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla

[EN] A multi-technique approach was used to study the changes occurring in European eel Anguilla anguilla ovaries during hormonally-induced vitellogenesis. Aside from classic techniques used to monitor the vitellogenic process, such as ovary histology, fat content analysis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and vitellogenin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a new technique, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, was used to analyse A. anguilla ovaries. The results from the different techniques provided different ways of approaching the same process. Although it is considered a time consuming approach, of all the employed techniques, histology provided the most direct evidences about vitellogenesis. SDS-PAGE and ELISA were also useful for studying vitellogenesis, whereas fat analysis cannot be used for this purpose. The FT-IR analysis provided a representative IR spectrum for each ovarian stage (previtellogenic stage, early vitellogenic stage, mid-vitellogenic stage and late vitellogenic stage), demonstrating that it is a valid method able to illustrate the distribution of the oocytes within the ovary slices. The chemical maps obtained confirmed changes in lipid concentrations and revealed their distribution within the oocytes at different maturational stages. When the results and the accuracy of the FT-IR analysis were compared with those of the traditional techniques commonly used to establish the vitellogenic stage, it became evident that FT-IR is a useful and reliable tool, with many advantages, including the fact that it requires little biological material, the costs involved are low, analysis times are short and last but not least, the fact that it offers the possibility of simultaneously analysing various biocomponents of the same oocyte. (C) 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British IslesThis study was funded by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme under the Theme 2, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Biotechnology, grant agreement number 245257 (PRO-EEL) and the COST Office (COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE). I.M. had a pre-doctoral grant from Generalitat ValencianaMazzeo ., I.; Giorgini, E.; Gioacchini, G.; Maradonna, F.; Vilchez Olivencia, MC.; Baloche, S.; Dufour, S.... (2016). A comparison of techniques for studying oogenesis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Journal of Fish Biology. 89(4):2055-2069. doi:10.1111/jfb.13103S20552069894Asturiano, J. F., Perez, L., Garzon, D. L., Penaranda, D. S., Marco-Jimenez, F., Martinez-Llorens, S., … Jover, M. (2005). Effect of different methods for the induction of spermiation on semen quality in European eel. Aquaculture Research, 36(15), 1480-1487. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01366.xBradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3Brewer, S. K., Rabeni, C. F., & Papoulias, D. M. (2008). Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 17(1), 54-58. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.xBROOKS, S., TYLER, C. R., & SUMPTER, J. P. (1997). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 7(4), 387-416. doi:10.1023/a:1018400130692Carnevali, O., Mosconi, G., Roncarati, A., Belvedere, P., Romano, M., & Limatola, E. (1992). Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of yolk proteins during vitellogenesis in the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 103(4), 955-962. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(92)90222-dCarnevali, O., Mosconi, G., Cambi, A., Ridolfi, S., Zanuy, S., & Polzonetti-Magni, A. M. (2001). Changes of lysosomal enzyme activities in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) eggs and developing embryos. Aquaculture, 202(3-4), 249-256. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00775-xCarnevali, O., Conti, C., Ferraris, P., Garavaglia, M. G., Gioacchini, G., Giorgini, E., … Tosi, G. (2009). FT-IR Microspectroscopy on molecular building of Zebrafish oocytes. Journal of Molecular Structure, 938(1-3), 207-213. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.09.029Furuita, H., Ohta, H., Unuma, T., Tanaka, H., Kagawa, H., Suzuki, N., & Yamamoto, T. (2003). Biochemical composition of eggs in relation to egg quality in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 29(1), 37-46. doi:10.1023/b:fish.0000035897.58924.9dFuruita, H., Unuma, T., Nomura, K., Tanaka, H., Okuzawa, K., Sugita, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2006). Lipid and fatty acid composition of eggs producing larvae with high survival rate in the Japanese eel. Journal of Fish Biology, 69(4), 1178-1189. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01196.xFuruita, H., Hori, K., Suzuki, Sugita, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2007). Effect of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in broodstock diet on reproduction and fatty acid composition of broodstock and eggs in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 55-61. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.039Gallego, V., Mazzeo, I., Vílchez, M. C., Peñaranda, D. S., Carneiro, P. C. F., Pérez, L., & Asturiano, J. F. (2012). Study of the effects of thermal regime and alternative hormonal treatments on the reproductive performance of European eel males (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. Aquaculture, 354-355, 7-16. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.041García-Gallego, M., & Akharbach, H. (1998). Aquaculture International, 6(5), 345-356. doi:10.1023/a:1009207904037Van Ginneken, V. J. T., & Maes, G. E. (2005). The European eel (Anguilla anguilla, Linnaeus), its Lifecycle, Evolution and Reproduction: A Literature Review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15(4), 367-398. doi:10.1007/s11160-006-0005-8Giorgini, E., Conti, C., Ferraris, P., Sabbatini, S., Tosi, G., Rubini, C., … Carnevali, O. (2010). Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on zebrafish oocyte maturation: an FTIR imaging and biochemical analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(7-8), 3063-3072. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4234-2Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Støttrup, J. G., Jacobsen, C., Corraze, G., Kraiem, M. M., Holst, L. K., … Kaushik, S. J. (2013). A review on broodstock nutrition of marine pelagic spawners: the curious case of the freshwater eels (Anguillaspp.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 19, 1-24. doi:10.1111/anu.12091HORIE, N., UTOH, T., MIKAWA, N., YAMADA, Y., OKAMURA, A., TANAKA, S., & TSUKAMOTO, K. (2008). Influence of artificial fertilization methods of the hormone-treated Japanese eel Anguilla japonica upon the quality of eggs and larvae (Comparison between stripping-insemination and spontaneous spawning methods). NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI, 74(1), 26-35. doi:10.2331/suisan.74.26Kagawa, H., Tanaka, H., Ohta, H., Unuma, T., & Nomura, K. (2005). The first success of glass eel production in the world: basic biology on fish reproduction advances new applied technology in aquaculture. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 31(2-3), 193-199. doi:10.1007/s10695-006-0024-3Lombardo, F., Giorgini, E., Gioacchini, G., Maradonna, F., Ferraris, P., & Carnevali, O. (2012). Melatonin effects on Fundulus heteroclitus reproduction. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 24(6), 794. doi:10.1071/rd11267Eenennaam JPV, T. M. (2014). Determining Ovarian Maturity in Farmed Sturgeon 1 (Acipenser transmontanus) for Caviar Production Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 05(01). doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000202Lubzens, E., Young, G., Bobe, J., & Cerdà, J. (2010). Oogenesis in teleosts: How fish eggs are formed. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 165(3), 367-389. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.022Mazzeo, I., Peñaranda, D. S., Gallego, V., Hildahl, J., Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R., Asturiano, J. F., … Weltzien, F.-A. (2012). Variations in the gene expression of zona pellucida proteins, zpb and zpc, in female European eel (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 178(2), 338-346. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.003Pacifico, A., Chiriboga, L. A., Lasch, P., & Diem, M. (2003). Infrared spectroscopy of cultured cells. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 32(1), 107-115. doi:10.1016/s0924-2031(03)00051-1Palstra, A. P., Cohen, E. G. H., Niemantsverdriet, P. R. W., van Ginneken, V. J. T., & van den Thillart, G. E. E. J. M. (2005). Artificial maturation and reproduction of European silver eel: Development of oocytes during final maturation. Aquaculture, 249(1-4), 533-547. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.031Palstra, A. P., van Ginneken, V. J. T., Murk, A. J., & van den Thillart, G. E. E. J. M. (2006). Are dioxin-like contaminants responsible for the eel (Anguilla anguilla) drama? Naturwissenschaften, 93(3), 145-148. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0080-zPedersen, B. H. (2004). Fertilisation of eggs, rate of embryonic development and hatching following induced maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Aquaculture, 237(1-4), 461-473. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.04.019Peñaranda, D. S., Pérez, L., Gallego, V., Jover, M., Tveiten, H., Baloche, S., … Asturiano, J. F. (2010). Molecular and physiological study of the artificial maturation process in European eel males: From brain to testis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 166(1), 160-171. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.08.006Peñaranda, D. S., Mazzeo, I., Hildahl, J., Gallego, V., Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R., Pérez, L., … Weltzien, F.-A. (2013). Molecular characterization of three GnRH receptor paralogs in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla: Tissue-distribution and changes in transcript abundance during artificially induced sexual development. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 369(1-2), 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.025Pérez, L., Peñaranda, D. S., Dufour, S., Baloche, S., Palstra, A. P., Van Den Thillart, G. E. E. J. M., & Asturiano, J. F. (2011). Influence of temperature regime on endocrine parameters and vitellogenesis during experimental maturation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) females. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 174(1), 51-59. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.009Polzonetti, V., Cardinali, M., Mosconi, G., Natalini, P., Meiri, I., & Carnevali, O. (2002). Cyclic ADPR and calcium signaling in sea bream (Sparus aurata) egg fertilization. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 61(2), 213-217. doi:10.1002/mrd.1150Polzonetti-Magni, A. M., Mosconi, G., Soverchia, L., Kikuyama, S., & Carnevali, O. (2004). Multihormonal Control of Vitellogenesis in Lower Vertebrates. International Review of Cytology, 1-46. doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(04)39001-7Selman, K., Wallace, R. A., Sarka, A., & Qi, X. (1993). Stages of oocyte development in the zebrafish,Brachydanio rerio. Journal of Morphology, 218(2), 203-224. doi:10.1002/jmor.1052180209Seoka, M., Yamada, S., Iwata, Y., Yanagisawa, T., Nakagawa, T., & Kumai, H. (2003). Differences in the biochemical content of buoyant and non-buoyant eggs of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 216(1-4), 355-362. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00459-3Støttrup, J. G., Jacobsen, C., Tomkiewicz, J., & Jarlbaek, H. (2012). Modification of essential fatty acid composition in broodstock of cultured European eelAnguilla anguillaL. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(2), 172-185. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00967.xWood, B. R., Chiriboga, L., Yee, H., Quinn, M. A., McNaughton, D., & Diem, M. (2004). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium. Gynecologic Oncology, 93(1), 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.12.028Wood, B. R., Chernenko, T., Matthäus, C., Diem, M., Chong, C., Bernhard, U., … Lacham-Kaplan, O. (2008). Shedding New Light on the Molecular Architecture of Oocytes Using a Combination of Synchrotron Fourier Transform-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Mapping. Analytical Chemistry, 80(23), 9065-9072. doi:10.1021/ac801548

The crystal structure of the plant small GTPase OsRac1 reveals its mode of binding to NADPH oxidase

This research was originally published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Ken-ichi Kosami, Izuru Ohki, Minoru Nagano, Kyoko Furuita, Toshihiko Sugiki, Yoji Kawano, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Toshimichi Fujiwara, Atsushi Nakagawa, Ko Shimamoto and Chojiro Kojima. The crystal structure of the plant small GTPase OsRac1 reveals its mode of binding to NADPH oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2014; 289, 28569-28578. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

ウナギ仔魚のメインディッシュはサメの卵 ―ウナギ仔魚の摂餌の特徴と餌の開発―

articl

Implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation for older patients with hip fracture in Kyoto City, Japan: A population-based study using medical and long-term care insurance claims data

Continuing rehabilitation after hip fractures is recommended to improve physical function and quality of life. However, the long-term implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation is unclear. This study aims to investigate the implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation for older patients with hip fractures and the factors associated with continuing rehabilitation. A retrospective cohort study evaluated medical and long-term care insurance claims data of patients aged 75 years or older in Kyoto City, Japan, who underwent hip fracture surgeries from April 2013 to October 2018. We used logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with six-month rehabilitation continuation. Of the 8, 108 participants, 8, 037 (99%) underwent rehabilitation the first month after surgery, but only 1, 755 (22%) continued for six months. The following variables were positively associated with continuing rehabilitation for six months: males (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41 [95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.62]), an intermediate frailty risk (1.50 [1.24-1.82]), high frailty risk (2.09 [1.69-2.58]) estimated using the hospital frailty risk scores, and preoperative care dependency levels: support level 1 (1.69 [1.28-2.23]), support level 2 (2.34 [1.88-2.90]), care-need level 1 (2.04 [1.68-2.49]), care-need level 2 (2.42 [2.04-2.89]), care-need level 3 (1.45 [1.19-1.76]), care-need level 4 (1.40 [1.12-1.75]), and care-need level 5 (1.31 [0.93-1.85]). In contrast, dementia was cited as a disincentive (0.53 [0.45-0.59]). Less than 30% of older patients continued rehabilitation for six months after surgery. Factors associated with continuing rehabilitation were male sex, higher frailty risk, care dependency before hip fracture surgeries, and non-dementia

Ovary and egg fatty acid composition of greater amberjack broodstock (Seriola dumerili) fed different dietary fatty acids profiles

Versión del editor