Symmetry reductions of some non-linear 1+1 D and 2+1 D black-scholes models

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. May 30, 2016.In this dissertation, we consider a number of modi ed Black-Scholes equations being either non-linear or given in higher dimensions. In particular we focus on the non-linear Black-Scholes equation describing option pricing with hedging strategies in one case, and two dimensional models in the other. Classical Lie point symmetry techniques are employed in an attempt to construct exact solutions. Some large symmetry algebras are admitted. We proceeded by determining the one dimensional optimal systems of sub-algebras for the admitted Lie algebras. The elements of the optimal systems are used to reduce the number of variables by one. In some cases, exact solutions are constructed. For the cases for which exact solutions are di cult to construct, we employed the numerical solutions. Some simulations are observed and interpretedMT201

Teaching Therapeutic Yoga to Medical Outpatients: Practice Descriptions, Process Reflections, and Preliminary Outcomes

This article describes therapeutic Yoga practices designed for a medical population with mixed diagnoses and a wide range of health challenges. We present preliminary data from 54 adults who participated in Yoga classes at a community medical center serving seventeen counties in Northeast Georgia. Findings suggest that attending therapeutic group Yoga classes can improve health perceptions and mindfulness. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice and future research. The Yoga practices are described in detail, for the benefit of teachers and researchers who wish to replicate the practices

Spawning performance of striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus fed graded levels of ascorbyl-2-monophosphate Mg2+ as vitamin C source [2008]

This study aimed to improve spawning performance of striped knifejaw using ascorbyl-2-monophosphate Mg salt (APM) as a dietary ascorbic acid (AsA) source. Five experimental diets, a control diet 1 without APM and four test diets 2-5 with 500, 1,000, 3,000 and 6,000 mg AsA/kg diet in an equivalent basis of APM, respectively, were prepared using a semi purified fish meal basal diet. Each diet was fed to duplicate broodfish groups consisting of 4 females and 2 males, having mean body weight of 587 and 595 g, respectively, once a day for 21 weeks, from April 2006. Dietary APM promoted earlier onset of spawning and induced a tendency of improving egg quality; diet 2 had higher tendencies in egg production, buoyancy, hatching rate and larval survival activity index. Dietary APM significantly correlated to AsA levels in eggs. Groups fed diets 4 and 5 tended to induce higher abnormal larvae than groups fed diets 1-3. These results revealed that the broodfish of striped knifejaw effectively utilized APM as a dietary AsA source and promoted the early onset of spawning and performance; but high dietary APM might cause ill effects on egg quality

Training primary care nurses to conduct alcohol screening and brief interventions in South Africa

Although progress has been made in developing a scientific basis for alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI), training packages are necessary for its widespread dissemination in primary care settings in developing societies. Using a training package developed by the World Health Organisation 121 nurses from one rural site (29 clinics in Vhembe District) and one urban site (3 clinics and 6 mobile clinics in Polokwane/ Seshego) in South Africa were compared before and after SBI training regarding knowledge and attitudes, and the subsequent practice of SBI in routine clinical practice. Although the training effects were at times moderate, all changes were in a direction more conducive to implementing SBI. Health care providers significantly increased in knowledge, confidence in SBI and higher self-efficacy in implementing SBI at followup after 9 months after receiving the training. When delivered in the context of a comprehensive SBI implementation programme, this training is effective in changing providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice of SBI for at-risk drinking

First results on ongrowing of hatchery reared Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, kept in sea cages

Bluefin tuna (ABFT) fingerlings born in captivity were raised during 15 months in sea cages. ABFT were fed with raw fish, and they grew during this period from 4 gr to 8 kg. Mortality rate was great, mainly during the first three months. This is the first experience of ongrowing ABFT born in captivity.EU (SELFDOTT), Caladeros del Mediterráneo, S.A. Instituto Español de Oceanografí

A comparison of techniques for studying oogenesis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla

[EN] A multi-technique approach was used to study the changes occurring in European eel Anguilla anguilla ovaries during hormonally-induced vitellogenesis. Aside from classic techniques used to monitor the vitellogenic process, such as ovary histology, fat content analysis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and vitellogenin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a new technique, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, was used to analyse A. anguilla ovaries. The results from the different techniques provided different ways of approaching the same process. Although it is considered a time consuming approach, of all the employed techniques, histology provided the most direct evidences about vitellogenesis. SDS-PAGE and ELISA were also useful for studying vitellogenesis, whereas fat analysis cannot be used for this purpose. The FT-IR analysis provided a representative IR spectrum for each ovarian stage (previtellogenic stage, early vitellogenic stage, mid-vitellogenic stage and late vitellogenic stage), demonstrating that it is a valid method able to illustrate the distribution of the oocytes within the ovary slices. The chemical maps obtained confirmed changes in lipid concentrations and revealed their distribution within the oocytes at different maturational stages. When the results and the accuracy of the FT-IR analysis were compared with those of the traditional techniques commonly used to establish the vitellogenic stage, it became evident that FT-IR is a useful and reliable tool, with many advantages, including the fact that it requires little biological material, the costs involved are low, analysis times are short and last but not least, the fact that it offers the possibility of simultaneously analysing various biocomponents of the same oocyte. (C) 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British IslesThis study was funded by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme under the Theme 2, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Biotechnology, grant agreement number 245257 (PRO-EEL) and the COST Office (COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE). I.M. had a pre-doctoral grant from Generalitat ValencianaMazzeo ., I.; Giorgini, E.; Gioacchini, G.; Maradonna, F.; Vilchez Olivencia, MC.; Baloche, S.; Dufour, S.... (2016). A comparison of techniques for studying oogenesis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Journal of Fish Biology. 89(4):2055-2069. doi:10.1111/jfb.13103S20552069894Asturiano, J. F., Perez, L., Garzon, D. L., Penaranda, D. S., Marco-Jimenez, F., Martinez-Llorens, S., … Jover, M. (2005). Effect of different methods for the induction of spermiation on semen quality in European eel. Aquaculture Research, 36(15), 1480-1487. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01366.xBradford, M. M. (1976). 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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 103(4), 955-962. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(92)90222-dCarnevali, O., Mosconi, G., Cambi, A., Ridolfi, S., Zanuy, S., & Polzonetti-Magni, A. M. (2001). Changes of lysosomal enzyme activities in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) eggs and developing embryos. Aquaculture, 202(3-4), 249-256. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00775-xCarnevali, O., Conti, C., Ferraris, P., Garavaglia, M. G., Gioacchini, G., Giorgini, E., … Tosi, G. (2009). FT-IR Microspectroscopy on molecular building of Zebrafish oocytes. Journal of Molecular Structure, 938(1-3), 207-213. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.09.029Furuita, H., Ohta, H., Unuma, T., Tanaka, H., Kagawa, H., Suzuki, N., & Yamamoto, T. (2003). Biochemical composition of eggs in relation to egg quality in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 29(1), 37-46. doi:10.1023/b:fish.0000035897.58924.9dFuruita, H., Unuma, T., Nomura, K., Tanaka, H., Okuzawa, K., Sugita, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2006). Lipid and fatty acid composition of eggs producing larvae with high survival rate in the Japanese eel. Journal of Fish Biology, 69(4), 1178-1189. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01196.xFuruita, H., Hori, K., Suzuki, Sugita, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2007). Effect of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in broodstock diet on reproduction and fatty acid composition of broodstock and eggs in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 55-61. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.039Gallego, V., Mazzeo, I., Vílchez, M. C., Peñaranda, D. S., Carneiro, P. C. F., Pérez, L., & Asturiano, J. F. (2012). Study of the effects of thermal regime and alternative hormonal treatments on the reproductive performance of European eel males (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. Aquaculture, 354-355, 7-16. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.041García-Gallego, M., & Akharbach, H. (1998). Aquaculture International, 6(5), 345-356. doi:10.1023/a:1009207904037Van Ginneken, V. J. T., & Maes, G. E. (2005). The European eel (Anguilla anguilla, Linnaeus), its Lifecycle, Evolution and Reproduction: A Literature Review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15(4), 367-398. doi:10.1007/s11160-006-0005-8Giorgini, E., Conti, C., Ferraris, P., Sabbatini, S., Tosi, G., Rubini, C., … Carnevali, O. (2010). Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on zebrafish oocyte maturation: an FTIR imaging and biochemical analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(7-8), 3063-3072. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4234-2Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Støttrup, J. G., Jacobsen, C., Corraze, G., Kraiem, M. M., Holst, L. K., … Kaushik, S. J. (2013). A review on broodstock nutrition of marine pelagic spawners: the curious case of the freshwater eels (Anguillaspp.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 19, 1-24. doi:10.1111/anu.12091HORIE, N., UTOH, T., MIKAWA, N., YAMADA, Y., OKAMURA, A., TANAKA, S., & TSUKAMOTO, K. (2008). Influence of artificial fertilization methods of the hormone-treated Japanese eel Anguilla japonica upon the quality of eggs and larvae (Comparison between stripping-insemination and spontaneous spawning methods). NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI, 74(1), 26-35. doi:10.2331/suisan.74.26Kagawa, H., Tanaka, H., Ohta, H., Unuma, T., & Nomura, K. (2005). The first success of glass eel production in the world: basic biology on fish reproduction advances new applied technology in aquaculture. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 31(2-3), 193-199. doi:10.1007/s10695-006-0024-3Lombardo, F., Giorgini, E., Gioacchini, G., Maradonna, F., Ferraris, P., & Carnevali, O. (2012). Melatonin effects on Fundulus heteroclitus reproduction. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 24(6), 794. doi:10.1071/rd11267Eenennaam JPV, T. M. (2014). Determining Ovarian Maturity in Farmed Sturgeon 1 (Acipenser transmontanus) for Caviar Production Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 05(01). doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000202Lubzens, E., Young, G., Bobe, J., & Cerdà, J. (2010). Oogenesis in teleosts: How fish eggs are formed. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 165(3), 367-389. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.022Mazzeo, I., Peñaranda, D. S., Gallego, V., Hildahl, J., Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R., Asturiano, J. F., … Weltzien, F.-A. (2012). Variations in the gene expression of zona pellucida proteins, zpb and zpc, in female European eel (Anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 178(2), 338-346. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.003Pacifico, A., Chiriboga, L. A., Lasch, P., & Diem, M. (2003). Infrared spectroscopy of cultured cells. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 32(1), 107-115. doi:10.1016/s0924-2031(03)00051-1Palstra, A. P., Cohen, E. G. H., Niemantsverdriet, P. R. W., van Ginneken, V. J. T., & van den Thillart, G. E. E. J. M. (2005). Artificial maturation and reproduction of European silver eel: Development of oocytes during final maturation. Aquaculture, 249(1-4), 533-547. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.031Palstra, A. P., van Ginneken, V. J. T., Murk, A. J., & van den Thillart, G. E. E. J. M. (2006). Are dioxin-like contaminants responsible for the eel (Anguilla anguilla) drama? Naturwissenschaften, 93(3), 145-148. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0080-zPedersen, B. H. (2004). Fertilisation of eggs, rate of embryonic development and hatching following induced maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Aquaculture, 237(1-4), 461-473. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.04.019Peñaranda, D. S., Pérez, L., Gallego, V., Jover, M., Tveiten, H., Baloche, S., … Asturiano, J. F. (2010). Molecular and physiological study of the artificial maturation process in European eel males: From brain to testis. 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Dietary supplementation of salmon roe phospholipid enhances the growth and survival of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae and juveniles

Previous studies have shown that feeding enriched Artemia induces growth failure in Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis larvae. This growth failure cannot be improved even if the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in enriched Artemia is elevated to the same level as that in yolk-sac larvae, an ideal live feed for PBT larviculture. This might be caused by the differences in the DHA in the live feeds; i.e., yolk-sac larvae of marine fish have a high level of DHA in the larval phospholipids (PLs) but enriched Artemia store DHA in their neutral lipids (NLs). To test this hypothesis two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary PL rich in DHA on growth and survival of PBT larvae (Experiment 1) and juveniles (Experiment 2). Three isoproteic and isolipidic artificial test diets (Diets 1, 2 and 3) and two reference live feeds (Diets 4 and 5) were prepared. Diets 1 and 3 were supplemented with NL and PL fractions of commercial salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha roe lipid (SRL) as the lipid source, respectively, whereas Diet 2 was supplemented with a mixture of both lipid fractions. Diets 4 and 5 were enriched Artemia and yolk-sac larvae of Japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus, respectively. Diets 1, 3, 4 and 5 were given to PBT larvae for 10 days, whereas Diets 1, 2 and 3 were fed to PBT juveniles for 10 days. In Experiment 1, the growth and survival of PBT larvae fed Diet 3 (high PL fraction) were significantly improved when compared with larvae fed Diets 1 and 4, although the best growth and survival were obtained in larvae fed Diet 5. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2; i.e., growth and survival were significantly improved in PBT juveniles fed Diets 2 and 3. In both experiments, fish fed Diets 2, 3 and/or 5 had higher total lipid contents, TAG levels, n-3 HUFA and/or DHA levels in NL fraction of the body when compared with fish fed Diets 1 or 4, while such a difference was not observed in the PL fraction. In juveniles over 90% of deaths were caused by collisions with the tank walls and the significant difference in mortality between treatments implies diet also affects behavior. SRL PL is concluded to enhance the growth and survival of PBT larvae and juveniles along with the accumulation of storage lipid and DHA in the body

Dietary vitamin C requirement of hybrid, female red sea bream, pagrus major x male black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli

In order to clarify the dietary vitamin C (AsA) requierment of the hybrid, we used L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate Mg (APM) as an AsA source and examined on weight gain, growth performance, and hepatic and cephalic AsA contents. The hybrid weighing 15 g were fed with diets including 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg APM/kg up to apparent satiety, three times a day, six days a week for 6 weeks. The feeding trial was conducted on three replicates. Final mean body weight of hybrid fed the diets became 5 times of initial mean body weight without significant differences among the dietary treatments, together with feed efficiency, carcass proximate composition except crude ash and nutrient retentions. Hepatic AsA contents of hybrid fed 50-200 mg APM diets were slightly higher than that fed 0 mg APM diet. Cephalic AsA contents of the hybrid fed 50-200 mg AsA diets reached a plateau level, significantly higher than that fed 0 mg AsA diet. While, no difficiency sign of AsA was observed throughout the feeding trial. These results reveal that the hybrid require no more than 50 mg APM/kg diet, calculating18 mg AsA/kg diet, which may be scarce as compared with red sea bream as well as other cultured fishes