Forest influence on the surface water chemistry of granitic basins receiving acid precipitation in the Vosges massif, France

This study shows the influence of acid rain on the chemistry of surface waters in two small basins. The basins present similar altitudes and climates, only one is forested, and the forest decline has been clearly established. In both basins, rain water is polluted by acids (H+, so24-,N03). This acid input is neutralized in soils but the efficiency of that neutralization varies from one basin to another: (a) in the non forested basin, the alkalinity of surface water dominates the anionic charge, (b) in the forested basin, the strong acid anions still dominate the anionic charge of a just neutralized solution. The chemistry of surface water in the forested basin cannot be explained only by the incident rainfall and its partial evaporation. There appears to be a major input of pollutant through dry deposits in throughfall

Acidification des eaux de surface sous l'influence des précipitations acides : rôle de la végétation et du substratum, conséquences pour les populations de truites. Le cas des ruisseaux des Vosges

L'étendue de l'acidification des ruisseaux des Vosges a été étudié. L'influence des précipitations atmosphériques acides, accentuée par la présence de résineux et de roches mères pauvres en minéraux altérables, a provoqué l'acidification de certains ruisseaux. L'acidité (pH 200 ppb) constituent des facteurs limitants à la présence de truites dans ces ruisseaux

Conceptual and numerical models of solute diffusion around a HLW repository in clay

Versión aceptada de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.014[Abstract:] Reactive transport models have been used to simulate solute diffusion, canister corrosion, interactions of the corrosion products with the bentonite and the long-term hydrochemical evolution of porewater composition around radioactive waste repositories. Such models usually rely on simplifications of the geometry and dimensionality of the problem. Detailed three-dimensional flow and transport models, on the other hand, are used which often oversimplify the geochemical reactions. There is a clear need to identify which simplifications and assumptions are admissible. Here we present conceptual and numerical models of radionuclide diffusion and sorption around a HLW repository in clay according to the French reference concept. Models of increasing dimensionality have been performed for: (1) 1D transport perpendicular to the axes of the disposal cells; (2) 1D axisymmetric transport around disposal cells for bounded and unbounded domains; (3) 2D transport through vertical planes; and (4) 1D vertical transport from the disposal cells into the overlying Oxfordian formation. Model results are compared for simulation times up to 106 years and for the following radionuclides and tracers: tritium, HTO, which is treated here as an ideal and conservative tracer, 36Cl− which experiences anion exclusion, 133Cs+ which sorbs moderately and 238U (IV) which shows a strong sorption capacity. Radionuclides are released into the disposal cell either at a fixed concentration or as an instantaneous unit pulse. Model results indicate that the 1D unbounded model is always acceptable for 238U (IV) and is valid for 133Cs+ for t < 104 years. It is valid for HTO and 36Cl− only for t < 103 years. These conclusions hold true for both release modes. Computed concentrations with the 1D parallel and the 1D axisymmetric models are significantly different. Inasmuch as solute diffusion in a radioactive waste repository is expected to show radial symmetry around the cells, the use of the axisymmetric model is strongly recommended for the long-term modeling of radionuclide migration from the repository. The 1D vertical model is valid only for conservative radionuclides released instantaneously and leads always to large errors for all radionuclides for a constant concentration.This work was supported by the European Union through the PAMINA Project (FP6-036404), the University of A Coruña through a research scholarship awarded to the third author, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through Project CGL2006-09080 and a research scholarship awarded to the second author, and the Xunta de Galicia (Maria Barbeito Program) through a research scholarship awarded to the fourth author. Parts of this work were performed during the sabbatical stay of Javier Samper at the University of Strasbourg from October 2008 to August 2009 which was supported by the University of A Coruña, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and the University of Strasbourg. We thank also the two reviewers E. Ledoux and Angelo Borrelli for their comments and recommendations which have improved the paper

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Merobatzelladine B

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91220/1/ange_201201001_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91220/2/4204_ftp.pd

Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Imidazolidin‐2‐Ones through Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93726/1/ange_201205233_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93726/2/10024_ftp.pd

Telemedicine Critical Care-Mediated Mortality Reductions in Lower-Performing Patient Diagnosis Groups: A Prospective, Before and After Study

OBJECTIVES: Studies evaluating telemedicine critical care (TCC) have shown mixed results. We prospectively evaluated the impact of TCC implementation on risk-adjusted mortality among patients stratified by pre-TCC performance. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, before and after study. SETTING: Three adult ICUs at an academic medical center. PATIENTS: A total of 2,429 patients in the pre-TCC (January to June 2016) and 12,479 patients in the post-TCC (January 2017 to June 2019) periods. INTERVENTIONS: TCC implementation which included an acuity-driven workflow targeting an identified “lower-performing” patient group, defined by ICU admission in an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation diagnoses category with a pre-TCC standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of greater than 1.5. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was risk-adjusted hospital mortality. Risk-adjusted hospital length of stay (HLOS) was also studied. The SMR for the overall ICU population was 0.83 pre-TCC and 0.75 post-TCC, with risk-adjusted mortalities of 10.7% and 9.5% (p = 0.09). In the identified lower-performing patient group, which accounted for 12.6% (n = 307) of pre-TCC and 13.3% (n = 1671) of post-TCC ICU patients, SMR decreased from 1.61 (95% CI, 1.21–2.01) pre-TCC to 1.03 (95% CI, 0.91–1.15) post-TCC, and risk-adjusted mortality decreased from 26.4% to 16.9% (p \u3c 0.001). In the remaining (“higher-performing”) patient group, there was no change in pre- versus post-TCC SMR (0.70 [0.59–0.81] vs 0.69 [0.64–0.73]) or risk-adjusted mortality (8.5% vs 8.4%, p = 0.86). There were no pre- to post-TCC differences in standardized HLOS ratio or risk-adjusted HLOS in the overall cohort or either performance group. CONCLUSIONS: In well-staffed and overall higher-performing ICUs in an academic medical center, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation granularity allowed identification of a historically lower-performing patient group that experienced a striking TCC-associated reduction in SMR and risk-adjusted mortality. This study provides additional evidence for the relationship between pre-TCC performance and post-TCC improvement

Reference points for predators will progress ecosystem-based management of fisheries.

Ecosystem-based management of fisheries aims to allow sustainable use of fished stocks while keeping impacts upon ecosystems within safe ecological limits. Both the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets promote these aims. We evaluate implementation of ecosystem-based management in six case study fisheries in which potential indirect impacts upon bird or mammal predators of fished stocks are well publicized and well studied. In particular we consider the components needed to enable management strategies to respond to information from predator monitoring. Although such information is available in all case studies, only one has a reference point defining safe ecological limits for predators and none has a method to adjust fishing activities in response to estimates of the state of the predator population. Reference points for predators have been developed outside the fisheries management context but adoption by fisheries managers is hindered a lack of clarity about management objectives and uncertainty about how fishing affects predator dynamics. This also hinders the development of adjustment methods because these generally require information on the state of ecosystem variables relative to reference points. Nonetheless, most of the case studies 58 include precautionary measures to limit impacts on predators. These measures are not used tactically and therefore risk excessive restrictions on sustainable use. Adoption of predator reference points to inform tactical adjustment of precautionary measures would be an appropriate next step towards ecosystem-based management

EuroGEOSS: An interdisciplinary approach to research and applications for forestry, biodiversity and drought

GEOSS envisions a future wherein decisions and actions for the benefit of humankind are informed by coordinated, comprehensive and sustained Earth observations and information. Ultimately, this requires the ability to integrate information across scientific domains to address issues at regional and global levels. EuroGEOSS, an EC-sponsored FP7 project, has built an initial operating capability (IOC) in the three strategic areas of drought, forestry and biodiversity to facilitate and demonstrate multi-disciplinary applications. EuroGEOSS has implemented a brokering service that allows finding and accessing data from a wide range of standards and domainspecific practices including the use of a semantically rich querying capability. The paper presents the functionalities achieved by EuroGEOSS. The paper also presents the impact of advanced services through an assessment of societal benefits of the extended information availability

De 20 000 à 18 000 BP en Quercy : apports de la séquence du Cuzoul de Vers à la compréhension de l'évolution des comportements socio-économiques entre Solutréen récent et Badegoulien

Essai de synthèse des travaux menés autour du gisement du Cuzoul de Vers (Lot)

Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer

This Review was sponsored and funded by the International Society of Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI) (grant number 1R13CA171707-01), Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C569/A16477), and the Association for International Cancer Research (AICR