The Portuguese foreign affairs office and European integration (1951-1986)

UID/CPO/04627/2019 CEECIND/02433/2017After the devastation of the II World War, Europe will reinvent itself, namely by the commonly known movements of cooperation and European integration, with which Portugal also got involved in. Bearing in mind the official position of the Portuguese government towards European integration, through the time, this article analyzes specifically the role of the Portuguese Foreign Affairs Office regarding European integration. The time frame of this article goes from the Schuman Declaration in 1951 until the Portuguese accession to the European Economic Community in 1986. We conclude that, as expected, the Foreign Office served the regime's position on the matter, fulfilling instructions, but also adding its own vision, which was particular visible in some pro-European diplomats. Overall, the Foreign Office always battled to become a member of the "economic Europe" and after 1976 also of the "political Europe".publishersversionpublishe

A educação para a cidadania pleniférica: um desafio premente da contemporaneidade

A semântica, em desdobramentos de sentido e de significado, favorece novos olhares sobre a contemporaneidade, com suas características emblemáticas, desafios iminentes e horizontes (im)previsíveis. Essa moldura ilustra a construção de um conceito regional, utópico, na perspectiva de que as Comunidades Europeias deveriam considerar, substancialmente, as regiões insulares mais afastadas do continente europeu. Nesse viés, a ultraperiferia passa a representar um estatuto específico para as regiões da União Europeia, com características particulares comuns. É assim que as Regiões Ultraperiféricas e os seus cerca de 4,8 milhões de habitantes expressam o desejo de que a União Europeia e suas instituições reconheçam esses territórios como espaços europeus de pleno direito, com limites e aberturas para a constituição da História. Com tal cenário instigante, o artigo pretende apresentar o conceito inovador de cidadania pleniférica, que promove o movimento semântico, político, ideológico etc. das periferias ao centro. Nesse vértice, a educação para a cidadania pleniférica é imperiosa, com vistas ao desenvolvimento do espírito crítico do indivíduo e de sua capacidade para a compreensão do pluralismo e de suas diversas manifestações no mundo contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: cidadania pleniférica; regiões ultraperiféricas; União Europeia; educação; semântic

O voto jovem e as eleições para o Parlamento Europeu

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The object of memory and the memory of the object: refugee crisis in the news on September 2nd 2015.

This article aims to contribute on reflecting about the strict relation between an object (an image) and the memory, particularly regarding the memory in the news on September 2nd 2015 about the refugee crisis. Every year, Porto Editora (a Portuguese press company) holds a survey with ten words in order to elect the word of the year, and, for 2015, the elected one was “Refugees” (Palavra do Ano, 2015); this would be one more evidence of the impact of this issue in the news. The photo of a dead Syrian child on a beach in Turkey has become one of the most striking images of the refugee crisis in 2015. Curiously, Muerte a las puertas del paraíso (Death on paradise’s gates) was the headline exactly fifteen years ago, on September 2nd 2000, when photojournalist Javier Bauluz caught the image of a dead immigrant who tried to cross illegally, facing down the sand on a beach in Spain. In both cases, could we say the image overcomes the news? Which one is to be considered the object of the memory: the refugee crisis itself or the image of the dead Syrian child as an icon of this crisis? The theoretical framework stands on a threefold argument: 1. Object, memory and discourse; 2. The memory of the news; 3. Europe, migration and refugee crisis. Finally, two interviews were undertaken (as part of the pilot study) in order to verify if the memory of the object were sufficient enough to turn it into the object of the memory, as well as, whether one’s memory were somehow relevant to establish a collective memory

Nota introdutória

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O caminho da cooperação

O presente e-Dossier IHC reúne contributos de diversos autores, que participaram no IV Encontro Anual A Europa e o Mundo, dedicado à Europa do pós II Guerra Mundial e à cooperação europeia. Numa perspetiva histórica, Vicente de Paiva Brandão analisa as origens do projeto europeu face à reorganização do velho continente; enquanto Isabel Baltazar aborda uma figura ímpar na História do século XX europeu, Winston Churchill e o seu trabalho em prol da unidade europeia; Dina Sebastião debruça-se sobre a forma como o Partido Socialista Operário Espanhol (PSOE) no exílio recebeu os apelos e movimentações políticas em torno da unidade europeia em 1948 e 1949 e que modelo político defendeu para a unificação; Ana Campina e Sérgio Tenreiro Tomás examinam as diferenças entre o discurso e a prática do Estado Novo e de Salazar no âmbito das Relações Internacionais no pós II Guerra Mundial; e Francisco Miguel Araújo centra o seu estudo no Instituto de Alta Cultura (1936-1976) e na figura de Amândio Tavares de modo a demonstrar alguns indicadores da produção e divulgação da Ciência na época entre as matrizes da convergência, dissonância, renovação e internacionalização. Numa perspetiva mais contemporânea, Marianna Katalin Racs e Ágnes Judit Szilágyi investigam a relação entre a tentativa de reconstrução depois da II Guerra Mundial e a integração regional na América Latina; Dora Resende Alves debruça-se sobre a importância da política da concorrência no processo de construção do mercado interno europeu; Carina Jordão enquadra e analisa a evolução do princípio da igualdade entre mulheres e homens no mercado de trabalho à luz dos tratados europeus e dos documentos estratégicos mais relevantes da União Europeia em matéria de emprego; e, finalmente, Lídia Gomes e Manuel Malaguerra analisam a natureza e as funções do Agrupamento Europeu de Cooperação Territorial e mostram como o mesmo está a contribuir para uma reestruturação de um certo modelo de Estado.publishersversionpublishe

A Europa do Conhecimento

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A Europa no Mundo Entre as Guerras 1919-1939

O II Encontro A Europa no Mundo é dedicado ao estudo, análise, debate e interpretação das transformações políticas, económicas, sociais e culturais ocorridas na Europa durante o período entre guerras. Os textos compilados neste e-book correspondem a uma parte das comunicações apresentadas no Encontro, reflectem a investigação realizada e procuram constituir um ponto de partida para novas e mais aprofundadas reflexões

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe