Reír o no reír: (meta)humorismo y violencia en la literatura contemporánea de Colombia y México

Humor can be underestimated, but to laugh or not to laugh is as transcendental as the decision to be or not to be. That is the question of this dissertation: the productive encounter of challenging instances of humor in Latin-American literary texts that not only display humor in charged violent backgrounds, but create humorous traps and spaces for meta-humorist reflections, inviting the reader to judge whether to laugh or not to laugh in an aesthetic and ethical sense. Those instances of perplexity would ask the reader to reflect on the nature of the humor displayed, its targets, context, refinement, creativity, meaning and outcomes, among other questions that laugher implies. This would foster a more solicitous public who recognizes a liberating good laugh from a violent one, avoiding the reproduction of stereotypes, hate speeches or the consent of an oppressive status quo.Romance Languages and Literature

Risk perception of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Dentro de las zoonosis de transmisión alimentaria, se destaca Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga debido a su impacto en salud. Esta bacteria cuyos principales reservorios son los rumiantes, llegan al hospedero susceptible mediante la contaminación de sus carnes, durante su procesamiento, transporte, comercialización y consumo. Afecta generalmente niños menores de 5 años, ocasionando desde diarreas hasta Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico (SUH) en muchos casos con necesidad de trasplante renal. Esta enfermedad es endémica en Argentina. Como parte de los estudios de exposición a factores de riesgo en esta enfermedad, hemos estudiado la percepción de riesgo de las personas en diversos contextos. Para ello desarrollamos y validamos un modelo de encuesta de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas dirigida a personas adultas. Este instrumento fue aplicado en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Tierra del Fuego y Exaltación de la Cruz. Los estudios ponen de manifiesto la influencia de factores culturales-creencias en la percepción del riesgo subjetiva (individual) y la labilidad de las acciones comunicacionales aisladas en comparación a la percepción de riesgo real y colectivo. Se discute la influencia de los modelos deintervención basados en campañas o programas de promoción de salud.Among the foodborne zoonoses, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli stands out due to its impact on health. This microorganism, whose main reservoirs are ruminants, reaches the susceptible host through the contamination of meat, its processing, transport, trade and consumption. It generally affects children younger than 5 years, causing variable clinical manifestations ranging from diarrhea to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), in which many cases required kidney transplantation. This disease is endemic in Argentina. As part of the studies of exposure to risk factors in this disease, we have studied the perception of risk of people in various contexts. To do this, we developed and validated a survey model of knowledge, attitudes and practices aimed at adults. This survey was applied in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Tierra del Fuego and Exaltación de la Cruz. Studies show the influence of cultural-belief factors on the perception of subjective risk (individual) and the weakness of isolated communicative actions compared to the perception of real and collective risk. The influence of intervention models based on health promotion campaigns or programs is discussed.Fil: Broglio, Alicia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Graciano, Luciana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sanin, Mariana Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Blanco Crivelli, Ximena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Cundon, Cecilia Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Bonino, Maria Paz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Montalvo, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Degregorio, Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Berra, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Betancor, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

We present the results of targeted searches for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, which took place from 2016 November to 2017 August. We have analyzed 98 gamma-ray bursts using an unmodeled search method that searches for generic transient gravitational waves and 42 with a modeled search method that targets compact-binary mergers as progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Both methods clearly detect the previously reported binary merger signal GW170817, with p-values of <9.38 × 10−6 (modeled) and 3.1 × 10−4 (unmodeled). We do not find any significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the other gamma-ray bursts analyzed, and therefore we report lower bounds on the distance to each of these, assuming various source types and signal morphologies. Using our final modeled search results, short gamma-ray burst observations, and assuming binary neutron star progenitors, we place bounds on the rate of short gamma-ray bursts as a function of redshift for z ≤ 1. We estimate 0.07─1.80 joint detections with Fermi-GBM per year for the 2019─20 LIGO-Virgo observing run and 0.15─3.90 per year when current gravitational-wave detectors are operating at their design sensitivities

¿Todo tiempo pasado fue mejor? Apuntes sobre nostalgia republicana en Colombia contemporánea

Estamos en 1963 o 1964. Después de un intenso pero victorioso conflicto por el control de la asociación de vecinos con la “célula conservadora” de su barrio, rememora un líder liberal de la ciudad de Pereira, le llegaron con una delicada noticia: ...me dice un tipo: venga, al frente hay un señor que lo está esperando afuera para matarlo, y dije yo qué voy a creerle, y me fui a hablar con él, se llamaba Amador. Yo no lo conocía, él estaba sentado y me fui y me le senté y le dije “hermano qué l..

Juegos de simulación" y discurso político

In diesem Artikel gehe ich der Frage nach, inwieweit Turings Konzept der "Imitation Games" sich für die Analyse politischer Diskurse heranziehen lässt. Damit verbindet sich die theoretische Frage des Identitätsabgleichs. Zugleich stellt sich auch eine methodologische Frage: Ist es möglich, allein aufgrund internaler Kriterien zwischen den Diskursen politisch Handelnder zu unterscheiden, die verschiedenen Kategorien angehören? Die Suche nach Antworten auf diese theoretischen und methodologischen Fragen beleuchtet zentrale Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen qualitativer und quantitativer Forschung. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0101103In this article, I examine the possibility of using TURING's concept of "imitation games" to analyze political discourse. This poses the theoretical question of identity matching. It also poses a methodological question: Is it possible to distinguish, using only internal criteria, the political discourse of political actors that belong to two distinct categories? The effort to answer these theoretical and methodological questions highlights important common motives in quantitative and qualitative research. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0101103En el presente artículo, examino la posibilidad de usar el concepto de "Juegos de Imitación" de Turing para analizar el discurso político. Esto propone una pregunta de orden teórico sobre la congruencia de identidad. También propone una pregunta metodológica: ¿es posible distinguir, usando sólo criterios internos, el discurso político de actores que pertenecen a dos categorías diferentes? El esfuerzo por responder a estas preguntas, metodológica y teóricamente, pone de manifiesto dimensiones comunes a la investigación cualitativa y la cuantitativa. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs010110

Imitation Games and Political Discourse

In diesem Artikel gehe ich der Frage nach, inwieweit Turings Konzept der "Imitation Games" sich für die Analyse politischer Diskurse heranziehen lässt. Damit verbindet sich die theoretische Frage des Identitätsabgleichs. Zugleich stellt sich auch eine methodologische Frage: Ist es möglich, allein aufgrund internaler Kriterien zwischen den Diskursen politisch Handelnder zu unterscheiden, die verschiedenen Kategorien angehören? Die Suche nach Antworten auf diese theoretischen und methodologischen Fragen beleuchtet zentrale Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen qualitativer und quantitativer Forschung.In this article, I examine the possibility of using TURING's concept of "imitation games" to analyze political discourse. This poses the theoretical question of identity matching. It also poses a methodological question: Is it possible to distinguish, using only internal criteria, the political discourse of political actors that belong to two distinct categories? The effort to answer these theoretical and methodological questions highlights important common motives in quantitative and qualitative research.En el presente artículo, examino la posibilidad de usar el concepto de "Juegos de Imitación" de Turing para analizar el discurso político. Esto propone una pregunta de orden teórico sobre la congruencia de identidad. También propone una pregunta metodológica: ¿es posible distinguir, usando sólo criterios internos, el discurso político de actores que pertenecen a dos categorías diferentes? El esfuerzo por responder a estas preguntas, metodológica y teóricamente, pone de manifiesto dimensiones comunes a la investigación cualitativa y la cuantitativa

Imitation Games and Political Discourse

In this article, I examine the possibility of using TURING's concept of "imitation games" to analyze political discourse. This poses the theoretical question of identity matching. It also poses a methodological question: Is it possible to distinguish, using only internal criteria, the political discourse of political actors that belong to two distinct categories? The effort to answer these theoretical and methodological questions highlights important common motives in quantitative and qualitative research. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs010110

Networks and armies: structuring rebellion in Colombia and Afghanistan

Until recently, the importance of organizational factors in the understanding of the variance of the behavior of state challengers had not been recognized. New studies and theories have underscored its crucial character. This article contends that challengers can be placed in a continuum constituted by two opposed polar types, army like and network associations, and compare the Afghan Taliban's and the Colombian Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—FARC)'s organizational principles from this point of view. The main claim is that organizationally inspired explanations behave much better than resource inspired ones when accounting for the differences between the Taliban and the FARC