Formação de mudas de videira enxertada sob coberturas no submédio vale do são francisco

Os porta-enxertos influenciam direta e indiretamente a produção e qualidade dos frutos da videira, sendo que o porta-enxerto mais adequado para as condições semiáridas brasileiras deve reunir características, como vigor, tolerância a pragas, doenças e, sobretudo, nematoides que estão presentes nos solos. Além de enraizar e cicatrizar facilmente na enxertia e resistir às condições adversas de solo deve apresentar boa afinidade com as variedades copa que se pretende enxertar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a formação de mudas da ‘Crimson Seedless’ sobre diferentes porta-enxertos sob reduzida interceptação luminosa. Entre os porta-enxertos avaliados, o ‘Harmony’ apresentou os melhores índices na formação de mudas com a ‘Crimson Seedless’ sob sombreamento 50%. As maiores perdas de mudas foram obtidos pelo ‘Salt-Creeck’ e ‘IAC-313’ em ambas condições de sombreamentos.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Produção e caracterização da bananeira 'Prata Anã' (AAB) em dois ciclos de produção (Juazeiro, Bahia)

A avaliação do comportamento de genótipos de bananeira em diferentes ecossistemas é essencial ao programa de melhoramento genético, tornando-se de fundamental importância para o sistema produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da bananeira 'Prata Anã' (AAB), nos 1° e 2° ciclos de produção, e os atributos físico-químicos dos frutos, no Submédio São Francisco. As mudas foram produzidas pelo processo de cultura de tecidos, na Biofábrica de Cruz das Almas, BA, e transplantadas para o campo com seis meses de idade, cultivadas no espaçamento 3 x 3 m. Foram avaliados os ciclos de produção (em dias) e, em cada ciclo, a altura das plantas, o perímetro do pseudocaule e o número de folhas adultas. Quanto à produção, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: massa da matéria fresca do cacho; número de pencas e de frutos por cacho; massa da matéria fresca da 2ª penca; número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da 2ª penca; relação polpa/casca; firmeza; pH; sólidos solúveis (SS); acidez titulável (AT) e a relação SS/AT. Verificou-se diferença significativa para a maioria das variáveis analisadas: o segundo ciclo de produção da bananeira 'Prata Anã' foi menor do que o primeiro, sendo que, no segundo ciclo, ocorreram tendências de maior crescimento e de melhor desempenho dos caracteres que expressam a produção e a qualidade física dos frutos

Produção e caracterização da bananeira 'Prata Anã' (AAB) em dois ciclos de produção (Juazeiro, Bahia) Production and characterization of banana 'Prata Anã' (AAB) in two production cycles (Juazeiro, Bahia/Brazil)

A avaliação do comportamento de genótipos de bananeira em diferentes ecossistemas é essencial ao programa de melhoramento genético, tornando-se de fundamental importância para o sistema produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da bananeira 'Prata Anã' (AAB), nos 1° e 2° ciclos de produção, e os atributos físico-químicos dos frutos, no Submédio São Francisco. As mudas foram produzidas pelo processo de cultura de tecidos, na Biofábrica de Cruz das Almas, BA, e transplantadas para o campo com seis meses de idade, cultivadas no espaçamento 3 x 3 m. Foram avaliados os ciclos de produção (em dias) e, em cada ciclo, a altura das plantas, o perímetro do pseudocaule e o número de folhas adultas. Quanto à produção, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: massa da matéria fresca do cacho; número de pencas e de frutos por cacho; massa da matéria fresca da 2ª penca; número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da 2ª penca; relação polpa/casca; firmeza; pH; sólidos solúveis (SS); acidez titulável (AT) e a relação SS/AT. Verificou-se diferença significativa para a maioria das variáveis analisadas: o segundo ciclo de produção da bananeira 'Prata Anã' foi menor do que o primeiro, sendo que, no segundo ciclo, ocorreram tendências de maior crescimento e de melhor desempenho dos caracteres que expressam a produção e a qualidade física dos frutos.<br>Evaluation of the behavior of banana genotypes in different ecosystems is essential in a breeding program, making it crucial for the production system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth behavior of banana 'Prata Anã' (AAB) in the 1st and 2nd cycles of production and fruit physical-chemical attributes in the sub- middle region of the São Francisco River Valley. The seedlings were produced by tissue culture in a Biofactory in Cruz das Almas - BA and transplanted to the field after six months, in a spacing of 3 x 3 m. It was evaluated the production cycles (in days) and in each cycle, plant height, pseudostem perimeter and the number of mature leaves. The following characteristicsof production were evaluated: bunch fresh mass, number of cluster and fruits per bunch; fresh mass of the 2nd cluster, number, length and diameter of fruits in the 2nd cluster; pulp/skin ratio; firmness, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio. There was significant difference for most variables: the second production cycle of banana 'Prata Anã' was shorter than the first, on the second cycle occurred trends of increased growth and better performance of the characters that express production and fruit physical quality

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved