A climatologia geográfica e as possibilidades de abordagem no ensino

This work presents the nuances that permeate geographic education, with emphasis on the teaching of climatology. In addition, it exposes possibilities of teaching climate in Geography classes through methodologies that integrate and facilitate learning, considering the context of Brazilian public schools. The teaching of climate-related topics is fragile. For this reason, this work was developed seeking to help the teaching of geographic climatology through methodological proposals that contribute to the understanding and reflection on this theme. The possibilities for teaching climatology presented in this research are directed to classes taught in basic education, in the context of elementary and high school. From the development of this work, it was possible to verify countless possibilities for the teaching of climatology in geography classes, using low-cost materials, which facilitate, while contributing to the learning process.Este trabajo presenta los matices que impregnan la educación geográfica, con énfasis en la enseñanza de la climatología. Además, expone posibilidades de clima de enseñanza en clases de Geografía a través de metodologías que integran y facilitan el aprendizaje, considerando el contexto de las escuelas públicas brasileñas. La enseñanza de temas relacionados con el clima es frágil. Por esta razón, este trabajo fue desarrollado buscando ayudar a la enseñanza de la climatología geográfica a través de propuestas metodológicas que contribuyan a la comprensión y reflexión sobre este tema. Las posibilidades de enseñanza de la climatología presentadas en esta investigación están dirigidas a las clases impartidas en la educación básica, en el contexto de la enseñanza básica y media. A partir del desarrollo de este trabajo, se pudo constatar innumerables posibilidades para la enseñanza de la climatología en las clases de geografía, utilizando materiales de bajo costo, que facilitan, a la vez que contribuyen al aprendizaje.Este trabalho apresenta as nuances que permeiam a educação geográfica, com destaque para o ensino de climatologia. Além disso, expõe possibilidades do ensino de clima nas aulas de Geografia por meio de metodologias que integram e facilitam a aprendizagem, considerando o contexto das escolas públicas brasileiras. O ensino das temáticas relativas ao clima encontra-se fragilizado. Por essa razão, desenvolveu-se este trabalho buscando auxiliar o ensino de climatologia geográfica por meio de propostas metodológicas que contribuam com o entendimento e reflexão acerca desta temática. As possibilidades para o ensino de climatologia apresentadas nesta pesquisa direcionam-se a aulas ministradas na educação básica, no contexto do ensino fundamental e médio. A partir do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, puderam-se constatar inúmeras possibilidades para o ensino de climatologia em aulas de geografia, utilizando materiais de baixo custo, os quais facilitam, ao passo que contribuem com a aprendizagem

Ilhas de calor urbano em cidade do semiárido nordestino

The research was based on the conceptions of the Monteiro Urban Climate System (1976) and sought to identify and map the urban heat islands in the city of Crato/ Ce in two seasonal periods of the year. For this, 10 experimental points were selected and distributed in neighborhoods in the urban area of the city and air temperature data was measured with thermohygrometers installed in meteorological shelters during the months of April (rainy month) and October (dry month). From the data collection, the predominant intensity category of the intra and interurban Heat Islands for the city of Crato was that of ‘Medium magnitude’. The time that occurs the greatest intensity of the heat island is in the afternoon, 14h, with values above 5ºC of difference from one place to another. The most densely occupied neighborhoods and with low vegetation cover had the highest temperature values, while those located closer to the slope of the plateau and with more dense vegetation, the milder temperatures occurred.A pesquisa pautou-se nas concepções do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976) e procurou identificar e mapear as ilhas de calor urbano na cidade do Crato-CE, em dois períodos sazonais do ano. Para isso, foram selecionados 10 pontos experimentais distribuídos em bairros na zona urbana da cidade, e aferiram-se dados de temperatura do ar com termohigrômetros instalados em abrigos meteorológicos durante os meses de abril (mês chuvoso) e outubro (mês seco). A partir da coleta de dados, a categoria predominante de intensidade das Ilhas de Calor intra e interurbana para a cidade do Crato foi o de ‘Média magnitude’. O horário que ocorre a maior intensidade da ilha de calor é pela tarde, 14h, com valores superiores a 5ºC de diferença de um local para o outro. Os bairros mais densamente ocupados e com baixa cobertura vegetal apresentaram os maiores valores de temperatura, enquanto que, nos que se localizam mais próximos da encosta da chapada e com vegetação mais densa, ocorreram as temperaturas mais amenas

LC‐HRMS for the Identification of β‐Carboline and Canthinone Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Sources

β-carboline and canthinone alkaloids are widely distributed in the Angiosperms. Due to their diverse biological activities, the structures of these alkaloids have been used as important models for the synthesis of novel therapeutic drugs. Combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has provided a valuable tool in the analysis of these alkaloids in, for example, plants, insects, marine creatures, human tissues and body fluids. In this review, we summarized the main β-carboline and canthinone alkaloids studied by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) associated with mass analyzers, molecular weight information, mass fragmentation and biological activities, presenting an overview of increasing interest for carboline alkaloids study by LC-HRMS

Aplicação de tratamento estatístico em amostras de pH - um estudo prático voltado ao ensino de engenharia: Application of statistical treatment in pH samples - a practical study aimed at engineering teaching

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um tratamento estatístico realizado em três amostras durante um dia de trabalho, no tocante à medição do pH da água de um sistema de tratamento de efluentes de uma empresa do Estado de Pernambuco. A metodologia aplicada consistiu na verificação de normalidade, verificação de outliers, estabelecimento do tamanho mínimo da amostra, determinação do intervalo de confiança e a expressão do resultado de medição (incluindo a incerteza de medição). O aspecto mais relevante deste trabalho diz respeito à aplicação de uma metodologia em um problema real, visando a confiabilidade nos resultados, sendo aplicada por alunos de engenharia, no decorrer da disciplina de estatística. Portanto, além do passo a passo deste trabalho poder ser aplicado a quaisquer grandezas, há ainda o objetivo de disseminação desta prática em outros cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em engenharia, para a disciplina de estatística

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe