Da aplicabilidade do Código de Defesa do Consumidor aos contratos de seguro

Com o avanço dos anos e o aumento dos danos decorrentes de acidentes de toda a ordem surgiu, consequentemente, o seguro, com o objetivo de diminuir os prejuízos financeiros suportados pelas vítimas ou terceiros. O seguro marítimo, que foi o primeiro ramo do seguro, foi, inicialmente, administrado pelo Código Comercial. Posteriormente, tendo em vista a evolução sofrida e o surgimento de novos ramos de seguro, a atividade passou a ser regulamentada no Código Civil brasileiro, o qual se encontrava ainda despreparado para lidar com essas questões de relação de consumo. Diante da grande disparidade de poderes, em que o maior protegido nesta relação era o fornecedor, passou o legislador a utilizar, para fim de julgamento, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, a fim de tentar estabelecer um paralelo de poderes entre ambos os contratantes. Portanto, esta monografia tem como objetivo geral efetuar uma breve análise dos contratos de seguro, estudando, desde já, a sua evolução, mais especificamente, avaliando a legislação brasileira existente acerca do tema e correlacioná-la com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio do método dedutivo e de procedimento técnico bibliográfico e documental. Deste modo, as reflexões iniciam-se a partir de uma análise do histórico do seguro e das principais expressões utilizadas, analisando, ainda, a classificação dos contratos de seguro. Em seguida, realiza-se uma rápida apreciação dos elementos que compõem o contrato e o motivo da importância de se contratar o seguro com um profissional habilitado e registrado no órgão regulador de seguros. Por fim, analisam-se os sujeitos e institutos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, traçando uma comparação com o ramo de seguro

Impacto del estrés en el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores del Proyecto Espinar de la empresa CONHYDRA SA, Cusco 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es Determinar el Impacto del Estrés en el Desempeño Laboral de los Trabajadores del Proyecto Espinar de la Empresa CONHYDRA SA, Cusco 2021. El alcance de esta investigación es del tipo básico, El método de investigación es cuantitativo, con un diseño de la investigación no experimental, El Alcance de investigación, es explicativo. Con una población de 30 trabajadores, obteniendo los datos que se obtuvieron por medio de encuestas con instrumento cuestionarios para cada variable (estrés y desempeño laboral) que fue formulado, con un proceso de validación para el estrés obtenemos un valor de 0.916, con una confiabilidad excelente y para el Desempeño Laboral obtenemos un valor de 0.97, con una confiabilidad excelente Se llega a la conclusión para el planteado de Determinar el Impacto del Estrés en el Desempeño Laboral de los Trabajadores del Proyecto Espinar de la Empresa CONHYDRA SA, Cusco 2021, con un horizonte de significancia menor que al 5% (Sig.0.01<0.05) y Rho de Spearman de 0.591 que indica significancia de impacto entre ambas variables, a si se define que existe relación entre el estrés y el desempeño laboral interactúa de una manera positiva

Comercio electrónico en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector turismo

El comercio electrónico es cualquier forma de intercambio de información comercial por medio de artefactos electrónicos y redes como el internet, su rol en la gestión empresarial se ha vuelto de gran interés en la actualidad ya que contribuye en el desempeño organizacional y la mejora de la competitividad de las empresas, siendo las Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresas (MIPYMES) del sector turismo una de las industrias que se ha visto fuertemente influenciada por el desarrollo de dicha tecnología. En ese sentido, el presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de literatura sobre los factores determinantes en la implementación del comercio electrónico, ventajas y desventajas de su uso en las MIPYMES del sector turismo. El tipo de investigación es descriptivo, para ello se realizó, análisis exploratorio de los artículos indexados en los motores de búsqueda Redalyc y Elsevier Scopus, teniendo como palabras clave: comercio electrónico, factores, turismo y MIPYMES. Se concluyó que los principales factores determinantes en su implementación son: limitado conocimiento de la web 2.0, escasa o nula presencia en páginas web externas especializadas, baja utilidad percibida por parte de los dueños o gerentes de establecimientos turísticos, bajo nivel de preparación digital, uso inadecuado de las redes sociales, tamaño de la organización

Evaluation of the ingestive behaviour of the dairy cow under two systems of rotation with slope

The ingestive behaviour of grazing animals is modulated by the vegetation characteristics, topography and the type of stocking method. This research was carried out in 2019, at the Rumipamba CADER-UCE. It aimed to evaluate the impact of two contrasting stocking methods of dairy cows grazing a pasture with an average of slope >8.5%. Four dairy cows were set to graze a 0.4 ha paddock for 5 days for continuous stocking methods, while for the electric fence methods the dairy cows were restricted to 0.2 ha and the fence was moved uphill every 3 hours, repeating this process four times a day. Cow were equipped with activity sensors for 12 h per day. The whole procedure was repeated 2 times after realizing an equalization cuts and both paddocks, a rest time of 30 days and a random reassignment of paddocks to one of the treatments. The cows showed a difference in terms of the percentage of grazing P=0.0072, being higher with the electric fence (55% of the measurement time). From rising-plate-meter estimates of available biomass along the grazing periods, we calculated despite similar forage allowances (electric fence = 48.06 kg DM/cow/d and continuous = 48.21 DM/cow/d) a higher forage intake was obtained in the electric fence treatment (17.5 kg DM/cow/d) compared the continuous stocking (15.7 kg DM/cow/d) (P=0.006). In terms of milk production animals grazing under the differences electrical fence stocking method tended (P=0.0985) to produce more milk (17.39 kg/d) than those grazing in the continuous system (15.16 kg/d) due to the influence of the slope (P=0.05), while for milk quality the protein content was higher for the electric fence (33.7 g/l) than the continuous method (30.5 g/l) (P=0.039). None of the other milk properties differed between methods (P>0.05)

The COVID-19 Data Portal: accelerating SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research through rapid open access data sharing.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic will be remembered as one of the defining events of the 21st century. The rapid global outbreak has had significant impacts on human society and is already responsible for millions of deaths. Understanding and tackling the impact of the virus has required a worldwide mobilisation and coordination of scientific research. The COVID-19 Data Portal (https://www.covid19dataportal.org/) was first released as part of the European COVID-19 Data Platform, on April 20th 2020 to facilitate rapid and open data sharing and analysis, to accelerate global SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research. The COVID-19 Data Portal has fortnightly feature releases to continue to add new data types, search options, visualisations and improvements based on user feedback and research. The open datasets and intuitive suite of search, identification and download services, represent a truly FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) resource that enables researchers to easily identify and quickly obtain the key datasets needed for their COVID-19 research

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI.Comment: Published in the ESO Messenge

Post-Operative Functional Outcomes in Early Age Onset Rectal Cancer

Background: Impairment of bowel, urogenital and fertility-related function in patients treated for rectal cancer is common. While the rate of rectal cancer in the young (&lt;50 years) is rising, there is little data on functional outcomes in this group. Methods: The REACCT international collaborative database was reviewed and data on eligible patients analysed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with a histologically confirmed rectal cancer, &lt;50 years of age at time of diagnosis and with documented follow-up including functional outcomes. Results: A total of 1428 (n=1428) patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 13%. Of these, 40% received neoadjuvant therapy and 50% adjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of post-operative major morbidity was 10%. A defunctioning stoma was placed for 621 patients (43%); 534 of these proceeded to elective restoration of bowel continuity. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Of this cohort, a total of 415 (29%) reported persistent impairment of functional outcomes, the most frequent of which was bowel dysfunction (16%), followed by bladder dysfunction (7%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and infertility (1%). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with early-onset rectal cancer who undergo surgery report persistent impairment of functional status. Patients should be involved in the discussion regarding their treatment options and potential impact on quality of life. Functional outcomes should be routinely recorded as part of follow up alongside oncological parameters

Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry:An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package

This article summarizes technical advances contained in the fifth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program package, covering developments since 2015. A comprehensive library of exchange–correlation functionals, along with a suite of correlated many-body methods, continues to be a hallmark of the Q-Chem software. The many-body methods include novel variants of both coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction approaches along with methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction and variational reduced density-matrix methods. Methods highlighted in Q-Chem 5 include a suite of tools for modeling core-level spectroscopy, methods for describing metastable resonances, methods for computing vibronic spectra, the nuclear–electronic orbital method, and several different energy decomposition analysis techniques. High-performance capabilities including multithreaded parallelism and support for calculations on graphics processing units are described. Q-Chem boasts a community of well over 100 active academic developers, and the continuing evolution of the software is supported by an “open teamware” model and an increasingly modular design