The complex microbial community of withered berries of cv. Corvina as revealed by metagenomic analysis

Corvina is the most important of Verona\u2019s red grape varieties and forms the basis for the production of unique wines, such as Amarone and Recioto of the Valpolicella area (Italy). The distinctive features of such wines are linked to the peculiar winemaking techniques and especially to the post-harvest grape withering process, when the grapes are partially dried in attics for three/four months to concentrate sugars up to about 27% (w/v). Dehydratation increases the concentration of constituent substances in berries, determining also specific expression of grape genes. During this process, grapes are colonized with a complex microbiota to an extent which depends on environmental temperature and humidity. In this study, a whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) approach was used to analyse the microbial consortia present on Corvina berries at the end of the withering process performed in two different conditions (\u201ctraditional\u201d or \u201cfast\u201d). Representative berry samples were collected and washed to avoid grapevine DNA contamination. Bioinformatic analyses, performed on reads and scaffolds, revealed that traditionally withered berries were dominated by Clostridiales and Pseudomonadales, while the fast procedure determined the presence of Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales. On the contrary, few consistent differences characterized the eukaryotic fraction, dominated by Aspergillus and Penicillium for both samples. Interestingly, the \u201cbinning\u201d procedure revealed 15 most abundant genomes characterizing the two conditions. These results provide insights into the microbial community of Corvina withered berries and reveal relevant variations attributable to environmental withering conditions. Further studies will be performed to determine whether the different microbial compositions could lead to significant chemical variations of the musts, with an impact on the organoleptic properties of wine. This study underlines how novel technologies, like WMS, could open novel perspectives in the knowledge and management of traditional processes as the withering process of Corvina, with an impact on the winemaking of important Italian wines

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, a Widely Used Spore-Forming Probiotic Strain.

Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 is a safe strain, already available on the market, and characterized by certified beneficial effects.The draft genome sequence presented here constitutes the first pillar toward the identification of the molecular mechanisms responsiblefor its positive features and safety

Searches for clustering in the time integrated skymap of the ANTARES neutrino telescope

This paper reports a search for spatial clustering of the arrival directions of high energy muon neutrinos detected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. An improved two-point correlation method is used to study the autocorrelation of 3058 neutrino candidate events as well as cross-correlations with other classes of astrophysical objects: sources of high energy gamma rays, massive black holes and nearby galaxies. No significant deviations from the isotropic distribution of arrival directions expected from atmospheric backgrounds are observed

The search for high-energy neutrinos coincident with fast radio bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

[EN] In the past decade, a new class of bright transient radio sources with millisecond duration has been discovered. The origin of these so-called fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still a mystery, despite the growing observational efforts made by various multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. To date, many models have been proposed to explain FRBs, but neither the progenitors nor the radiative and the particle acceleration processes at work have been clearly identified. In this paper, we assess whether hadronic processes may occur in the vicinity of the FRB source. If they do, FRBs may contribute to the high-energy cosmic-ray and neutrino fluxes. A search for these hadronic signatures was carried out using the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The analysis consists in looking for high-energy neutrinos, in the TeV-PeV regime, that are spatially and temporally coincident with the detected FRBs. Most of the FRBs discovered in the period 2013-2017 were in the field of view of the ANTARES detector, which is sensitive mostly to events originating from the Southern hemisphere. From this period, 12 FRBs were selected and no coincident neutrino candidate was observed. Upper limits on the per-burst neutrino fluence were derived using a power-law spectrum, dN/DE nu proportional to E-nu(-gamma), for the incoming neutrino flux, assuming spectral indexes gamma = 1.0, 2.0, 2.5. Finally, the neutrino energy was constrained by computing the total energy radiated in neutrinos, assuming different distances for the FRBs. Constraints on the neutrino fluence and on the energy released were derived from the associated null results.The authors acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco. We also acknowledge technical support from Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilities.Albert, A.; Andre, M.; Anghinolfi, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Aublin, J.... (2019). The search for high-energy neutrinos coincident with fast radio bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482(1):184-193. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2621S1841934821Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., … Bai, X. (2013). First Observation of PeV-Energy Neutrinos with IceCube. Physical Review Letters, 111(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.021103Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Arlen, T. C. (2015). Atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos above 1 TeV interacting in IceCube. Physical Review D, 91(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.022001Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., … Archinger, M. (2015). A COMBINED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS OF THE HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINO FLUX MEASURED WITH ICECUBE. The Astrophysical Journal, 809(1), 98. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/809/1/98Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Arlen, T. C. (2015). SEARCH FOR PROMPT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH ICECUBE. The Astrophysical Journal, 805(1), L5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/805/1/l5Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., … Anderson, T. (2016). OBSERVATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A COSMIC MUON NEUTRINO FLUX FROM THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING SIX YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA. The Astrophysical Journal, 833(1), 3. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/833/1/3Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Anderson, T. (2018). A Search for Neutrino Emission from Fast Radio Bursts with Six Years of IceCube Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 857(2), 117. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab4f8Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., … Adya, V. B. (2017). GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral. Physical Review Letters, 119(16). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.161101Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., … Adya, V. B. (2017). Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A. The Astrophysical Journal, 848(2), L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920cAdrián-Martínez, S., Al Samarai, I., Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., … Aubert, J.-J. (2012). SEARCH FOR COSMIC NEUTRINO POINT SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ANTARES TELESCOPE. The Astrophysical Journal, 760(1), 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/53Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., … Anghinolfi, M. (2016). Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 43(8), 084001. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/43/8/084001Ageron, M., Aguilar, J. A., Al Samarai, I., Albert, A., Ameli, F., André, M., … Ardid, M. (2011). ANTARES: The first undersea neutrino telescope. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 656(1), 11-38. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.103Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). All-sky search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW170104 with the Antares neutrino telescope. The European Physical Journal C, 77(12). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5451-zAlbert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). First all-flavor neutrino pointlike source search with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Physical Review D, 96(8). doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.082001Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). Search for high-energy neutrinos from bright GRBs with ANTARES. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 469(1), 906-915. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx902Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Barrios-Martí, J. (2018). All-flavor Search for a Diffuse Flux of Cosmic Neutrinos with Nine Years of ANTARES Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 853(1), L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa4f6Bailes, M., Jameson, A., Flynn, C., Bateman, T., Barr, E. D., Bhandari, S., … Temby, D. (2017). The UTMOST: A Hybrid Digital Signal Processor Transforms the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 34. doi:10.1017/pasa.2017.39Bannister, K. W., Shannon, R. M., Macquart, J.-P., Flynn, C., Edwards, P. G., O’Neill, M., … Clarke, N. (2017). The Detection of an Extremely Bright Fast Radio Burst in a Phased Array Feed Survey. The Astrophysical Journal, 841(1), L12. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa71ffBhandari, S., Keane, E. F., Barr, E. D., Jameson, A., Petroff, E., Johnston, S., … Burke-Spolaor, S. (2017). The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts – II. New FRB discoveries and their follow-up. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 475(2), 1427-1446. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3074Biehl, D., Heinze, J., & Winter, W. (2018). Expected neutrino fluence from short Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A and off-axis angle constraints. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 476(1), 1191-1197. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty285Caleb, M., Flynn, C., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Bateman, T., Bhandari, S., … Krishnan, V. V. (2016). Fast Radio Transient searches with UTMOST at 843 MHz. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 458(1), 718-725. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw109Caleb, M., Flynn, C., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Bateman, T., Bhandari, S., … Venkatraman Krishnan, V. (2017). The first interferometric detections of fast radio bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 468(3), 3746-3756. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx638Cao, X.-F., & Yu, Y.-W. (2018). Superconducting cosmic string loops as sources for fast radio bursts. Physical Review D, 97(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.023022Champion, D. J., Petroff, E., Kramer, M., Keith, M. J., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., … Lyne, A. G. (2016). Five new fast radio bursts from the HTRU high-latitude survey at Parkes: first evidence for two-component bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 460(1), L30-L34. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slw069Chatterjee, S., Law, C. J., Wharton, R. S., Burke-Spolaor, S., Hessels, J. W. T., Bower, G. C., … van Langevelde, H. J. (2017). A direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host. Nature, 541(7635), 58-61. doi:10.1038/nature20797Cordes, J. M., & Wasserman, I. (2016). Supergiant pulses from extragalactic neutron stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457(1), 232-257. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2948DeLaunay, J. J., Fox, D. B., Murase, K., Mészáros, P., Keivani, A., Messick, C., … Turley, C. F. (2016). DISCOVERY OF A TRANSIENT GAMMA-RAY COUNTERPART TO FRB 131104. The Astrophysical Journal, 832(1), L1. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/832/1/l1Dey, R. K., Ray, S., & Dam, S. (2016). Searching for PeV neutrinos from photomeson interactions in magnetars. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 115(6), 69002. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/115/69002Fahey, S., Kheirandish, A., Vandenbroucke, J., & Xu, D. (2017). A Search for Neutrinos from Fast Radio Bursts with IceCube. The Astrophysical Journal, 845(1), 14. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7e28Falcke, H., & Rezzolla, L. (2014). Fast radio bursts: the last sign of supramassive neutron stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 562, A137. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321996Goldstein, A., Preece, R. D., Mallozzi, R. S., Briggs, M. S., Fishman, G. J., Kouveliotou, C., … Burgess, J. M. (2013). THE BATSE 5B GAMMA-RAY BURST SPECTRAL CATALOG. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 208(2), 21. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/21Guetta, D., Hooper, D., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Halzen, F., & Reuveni, E. (2004). Neutrinos from individual gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE catalog. Astroparticle Physics, 20(4), 429-455. doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(03)00211-1Hümmer, S., Rüger, M., Spanier, F., & Winter, W. (2010). SIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR PHOTOHADRONIC INTERACTIONS IN COSMIC ACCELERATORS. The Astrophysical Journal, 721(1), 630-652. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/630Hümmer, S., Baerwald, P., & Winter, W. (2012). Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs, Revised. Physical Review Letters, 108(23). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.231101Johnston, S., Taylor, R., Bailes, M., Bartel, N., Baugh, C., Bietenholz, M., … Wolleben, M. (2008). Science with ASKAP. Experimental Astronomy, 22(3), 151-273. doi:10.1007/s10686-008-9124-7Katz, J. I. (2014). Coherent emission in fast radio bursts. Physical Review D, 89(10). doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.103009Keane, E. F., Johnston, S., Bhandari, S., Barr, E., Bhat, N. D. R., Burgay, M., … Bassa, C. (2016). The host galaxy of a fast radio burst. Nature, 530(7591), 453-456. doi:10.1038/nature17140Li, X., Zhou, B., He, H.-N., Fan, Y.-Z., & Wei, D.-M. (2014). MODEL-DEPENDENT ESTIMATE ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FAST RADIO BURSTS AND ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS. The Astrophysical Journal, 797(1), 33. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/797/1/33Lorimer, D. R., Bailes, M., McLaughlin, M. A., Narkevic, D. J., & Crawford, F. (2007). A Bright Millisecond Radio Burst of Extragalactic Origin. Science, 318(5851), 777-780. doi:10.1126/science.1147532Lyubarsky, Y. (2014). A model for fast extragalactic radio bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 442(1), L9-L13. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu046Marcote, B., Paragi, Z., Hessels, J. W. T., Keimpema, A., Langevelde, H. J. van, Huang, Y., … Wharton, R. S. (2017). The Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102 as Seen on Milliarcsecond Angular Scales. The Astrophysical Journal, 834(2), L8. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/834/2/l8Murase, K., & Nagataki, S. (2006). High energy neutrino emission and neutrino background from gamma-ray bursts in the internal shock model. Physical Review D, 73(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.063002Murase, K., Kashiyama, K., & Mészáros, P. (2016). A burst in a wind bubble and the impact on baryonic ejecta: high-energy gamma-ray flashes and afterglows from fast radio bursts and pulsar-driven supernova remnants. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 461(2), 1498-1511. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1328Murase, K., Mészáros, P., & Fox, D. B. (2017). Fast Radio Bursts with Extended Gamma-Ray Emission? The Astrophysical Journal, 836(1), L6. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/836/1/l6Palaniswamy, D., Wayth, R. B., Trott, C. M., McCallum, J. N., Tingay, S. J., & Reynolds, C. (2014). A SEARCH FOR FAST RADIO BURSTS ASSOCIATED WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 790(1), 63. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/790/1/63Palmer, D. M., Barthelmy, S., Gehrels, N., Kippen, R. M., Cayton, T., Kouveliotou, C., … Tueller, J. (2005). A giant γ-ray flare from the magnetar SGR 1806–20. Nature, 434(7037), 1107-1109. doi:10.1038/nature03525Pen, U.-L., & Connor, L. (2015). LOCAL CIRCUMNUCLEAR MAGNETAR SOLUTION TO EXTRAGALACTIC FAST RADIO BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 807(2), 179. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/2/179Petroff, E., Johnston, S., Keane, E. F., van Straten, W., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., … Stappers, B. W. (2015). A survey of FRB fields: limits on repeatability. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 454(1), 457-462. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1953Petroff, E., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Barsdell, B. R., Bhat, N. D. R., Bian, F., … Wolf, C. (2014). A real-time fast radio burst: polarization detection and multiwavelength follow-up. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 447(1), 246-255. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2419Petroff, E., Barr, E. D., Jameson, A., Keane, E. F., Bailes, M., Kramer, M., … van Straten, W. (2016). FRBCAT: The Fast Radio Burst Catalogue. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 33. doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.35Ravi, V., & Lasky, P. D. (2014). The birth of black holes: neutron star collapse times, gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 441(3), 2433-2439. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu720Ravi, V., Shannon, R. M., & Jameson, A. (2015). A FAST RADIO BURST IN THE DIRECTION OF THE CARINA DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY. The Astrophysical Journal, 799(1), L5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/799/1/l5Scholz, P., Spitler, L. G., Hessels, J. W. T., Chatterjee, S., Cordes, J. M., Kaspi, V. M., … Tendulkar, S. P. (2016). THE REPEATING FAST RADIO BURST FRB 121102: MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS AND ADDITIONAL BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 833(2), 177. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/177Scholz, P., Bogdanov, S., Hessels, J. W. T., Lynch, R. S., Spitler, L. G., Bassa, C. G., … Wharton, R. S. (2017). Simultaneous X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Radio Observations of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102. The Astrophysical Journal, 846(1), 80. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8456Spitler, L. G., Scholz, P., Hessels, J. W. T., Bogdanov, S., Brazier, A., Camilo, F., … Zhu, W. W. (2016). A repeating fast radio burst. Nature, 531(7593), 202-205. doi:10.1038/nature17168Tendulkar, S. P., Bassa, C. G., Cordes, J. M., Bower, G. C., Law, C. J., Chatterjee, S., … Wharton, R. S. (2017). The Host Galaxy and Redshift of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102. The Astrophysical Journal, 834(2), L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/834/2/l7Thornton, D., Stappers, B., Bailes, M., Barsdell, B., Bates, S., Bhat, N. D. R., … van Straten, W. (2013). A Population of Fast Radio Bursts at Cosmological Distances. Science, 341(6141), 53-56. doi:10.1126/science.1236789Totani, T. (2013). Cosmological Fast Radio Bursts from Binary Neutron Star Mergers. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 65(5), L12. doi:10.1093/pasj/65.5.l12Wang, J.-S., Yang, Y.-P., Wu, X.-F., Dai, Z.-G., & Wang, F.-Y. (2016). FAST RADIO BURSTS FROM THE INSPIRAL OF DOUBLE NEUTRON STARS. The Astrophysical Journal, 822(1), L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/l7Waxman, E., & Bahcall, J. (1997). High Energy Neutrinos from Cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs. Physical Review Letters, 78(12), 2292-2295. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.2292Ye, J., Wang, K., & Cai, Y.-F. (2017). Superconducting cosmic strings as sources of cosmological fast radio bursts. The European Physical Journal C, 77(11). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5319-2Zhang, B. (2013). A POSSIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN FAST RADIO BURSTS AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 780(2), L21. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/l21Zhang, B., & Kumar, P. (2013). Model-Dependent High-Energy Neutrino Flux from Gamma-Ray Bursts. Physical Review Letters, 110(12). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.121101Zhang, B., Xu, R. X., & Qiao, G. J. (2000). Nature and Nurture: a Model for Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters. The Astrophysical Journal, 545(2), L127-L130. doi:10.1086/317889Zhang, B., Dai, Z. G., Meszaros, P., Waxman, E., & Harding, A. K. (2003). High‐Energy Neutrinos from Magnetars. The Astrophysical Journal, 595(1), 346-351. doi:10.1086/37719

Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data

This paper proposes to exploit gravitational lensing effects to improve the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to the intrinsic neutrino emission of distant blazar populations. This strategy is illustrated with a search for cosmic neutrinos in the direction of four distant and gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars. The magnification factor is estimated for each system assuming a singular isothermal profile for the lens. Based on data collected from 2007 to 2012 by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, the strongest constraint is obtained from the lensed quasar B0218+357, providing a limit on the total neutrino luminosity of this source of 1.08 x 10(46) erg s(-1) This limit is about one order of magnitude lower than those previously obtained in the ANTARES standard point source searches with non-lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars

Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope

[EN] ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere, aiming at the detection of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. Neutrino telescopes constantly monitor at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, and are thus well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in transient astrophysical sources. A time-dependent search has been applied to a list of 33 X-ray binaries undergoing high flaring activities in satellite data (RXTE/ASM, MAXI and Swift/BAT) and during hardness transi-tion states in the 2008 2012 period. The background originating from interactions of charged cosmic rays in the Earth s atmosphere is drastically reduced by requiring a directional and temporal coincidence with astrophysical phenomena. The results of this search are presented together with comparisons between the neutrino flux upper limits and the neutrino flux predictions from astrophysical models. The neutrino flux upper limits resulting from this search limit the jet parameter space for some astrophysical models.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A* MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Weten-schappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilitiesAlbert, A.; Andre, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Avgitas, T.; Baret, B.... (2017). Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope. JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. 4(19):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/019S123419Vila, G. S., Romero, G. E., & Casco, N. A. (2012). An inhomogeneous lepto-hadronic model for the radiation of relativistic jets. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 538, A97. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118106Pepe, C., Vila, G. S., & Romero, G. E. (2015). Lepto-hadronic model for the broadband emission of Cygnus X-1. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 584, A95. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527156Blandford, R. D., & Payne, D. G. (1982). Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 199(4), 883-903. doi:10.1093/mnras/199.4.883Trigo, M. D., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Migliari, S., Broderick, J. W., & Tzioumis, T. (2013). Baryons in the relativistic jets of the stellar-mass black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47. Nature, 504(7479), 260-262. doi:10.1038/nature12672Heinz, S. (2006). Composition, Collimation, Contamination: The Jet of Cygnus X‐1. The Astrophysical Journal, 636(1), 316-322. doi:10.1086/497954Levinson, A., & Waxman, E. (2001). Probing Microquasars with TeV Neutrinos. Physical Review Letters, 87(17). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.171101Sahakyan, N., Piano, G., & Tavani, M. (2013). HADRONIC GAMMA-RAY AND NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM CYGNUS X-3. The Astrophysical Journal, 780(1), 29. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/780/1/29Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., Al Samarai, I., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., … Aubert, J.-J. (2013). Search for muon neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope using 2008 to 2011 data. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 559, A9. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322169Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., … Barrios, J. (2014). A search for time dependent neutrino emission from microquasars with the ANTARES telescope. Journal of High Energy Astrophysics, 3-4, 9-17. doi:10.1016/j.jheap.2014.06.002Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Arguelles, C. (2015). SEARCHES FOR TIME-DEPENDENT NEUTRINO SOURCES WITH ICECUBE DATA FROM 2008 TO 2012. The Astrophysical Journal, 807(1), 46. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/1/46Remillard, R. A., & McClintock, J. E. (2006). X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 44(1), 49-92. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532Corbel, S., Kaaret, P., Jain, R. K., Bailyn, C. D., Fender, R. P., Tomsick, J. A., … McCollough, M. L. (2001). X‐Ray States and Radio Emission in the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550−564. The Astrophysical Journal, 554(1), 43-48. doi:10.1086/321364Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Jonker, P. G., Maccarone, T. J., Nelemans, G., & Calvelo, D. E. (2011). A DEEP RADIO SURVEY OF HARD STATE AND QUIESCENT BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARIES. The Astrophysical Journal, 739(1), L18. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/739/1/l18Vieyro, F. L., Sestayo, Y., Romero, G. E., & Paredes, J. M. (2012). Nonthermal processes and neutrino emission from the black hole GRO J0422+32 in a bursting state. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 546, A46. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219961Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Moin, A., Tingay, S. J., Reynolds, C., Phillips, C. J., Tzioumis, A. K., … Tudose, V. (2011). The first resolved imaging of milliarcsecond-scale jets in Circinus X-1. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 419(1), L49-L53. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01176.xSguera, V., Romero, G. E., Bazzano, A., Masetti, N., Bird, A. J., & Bassani, L. (2009). DISSECTING THE REGION OF 3EG J1837-0423 AND HESS J1841-055 WITHINTEGRAL. The Astrophysical Journal, 697(2), 1194-1205. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/697/2/1194García, F., Aguilera, D. N., & Romero, G. E. (2014). Exploring jet-launching conditions for supergiant fast X-ray transients. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 565, A122. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323157Giovannelli, F., & Graziati, L. S. (1992). A 0535 + 26/HDE 245770: A typical X-ray/Be system. Space Science Reviews, 59(1-2), 1-81. doi:10.1007/bf01262537Anchordoqui, L. A., Torres, D. F., McCauley, T. P., Romero, G. E., & Aharonian, F. A. (2003). Neutrinos from Accreting Neutron Stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 589(1), 481-486. doi:10.1086/374551Scargle, J. D. (1981). Studies in astronomical time series analysis. I - Modeling random processes in the time domain. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 45, 1. doi:10.1086/190706Scargle, J. D. (1998). Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. V. Bayesian Blocks, a New Method to Analyze Structure in Photon Counting Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 504(1), 405-418. doi:10.1086/306064Scargle, J. D., Norris, J. P., Jackson, B., & Chiang, J. (2013). STUDIES IN ASTRONOMICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS. VI. BAYESIAN BLOCK REPRESENTATIONS. The Astrophysical Journal, 764(2), 167. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/764/2/167collaboration, T. A. (2015). Search for muon-neutrino emission from GeV and TeV gamma-ray flaring blazars using five years of data of the ANTARES telescope. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2015(12), 014-014. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/014Kappes, A., Hinton, J., Stegmann, C., & Aharonian, F. A. (2007). Potential Neutrino Signals from Galactic γ‐Ray Sources. The Astrophysical Journal, 656(2), 870-878. doi:10.1086/508936Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability. (1937). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 236(767), 333-380. doi:10.1098/rsta.1937.0005Romero, G. E., & Vila, G. S. (2008). The proton low-mass microquasar: high-energy emission. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 485(3), 623-631. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809563Reynoso, M. M., Romero, G. E., & Christiansen, H. R. (2008). Production of gamma rays and neutrinos in the dark jets of the microquasar SS433. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 387(4), 1745-1754. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13364.xReynoso, M. M., & Romero, G. E. (2008). Magnetic field effects on neutrino production in microquasars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 493(1), 1-11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811004Bednarek, W. (2005). TeV Neutrinos from Microquasars in Compact Massive Binaries. The Astrophysical Journal, 631(1), 466-470. doi:10.1086/432411Romero, G. E., Vieyro, F. L., & Vila, G. S. (2010). Non-thermal processes around accreting galactic black holes. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 519, A109. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913663Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Fender, R. P., & Nakar, E. (2006). Opening angles, Lorentz factors and confinement of X-ray binary jets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 367(4), 1432-1440. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10092.xBlandford, R. D., & Konigl, A. (1979). Relativistic jets as compact radio sources. The Astrophysical Journal, 232, 34. doi:10.1086/157262Zhang, J. F., Feng, Y. G., Lei, M. C., Tang, Y. Y., & Tian, Y. P. (2010). High-energy neutrino emission from low-mass microquasars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 407(4), 2468-2474. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17072.xHeinz, S., Burton, M., Braiding, C., Brandt, W. N., Jonker, P. G., Sell, P., … Schulz, N. S. (2015). LORD OF THE RINGS: A KINEMATIC DISTANCE TO CIRCINUS X-1 FROM A GIANT X-RAY LIGHT ECHO. The Astrophysical Journal, 806(2), 265. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/265Bednarek, W. (2009). TeV neutrinos from accreting x-ray pulsars. Physical Review D, 79(12). doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.123010Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., … Anghinolfi, M. (2016). Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 43(8), 084001. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/43/8/084001Russell, D. M., Markoff, S., Casella, P., Cantrell, A. G., Chatterjee, R., Fender, R. P., … Shahbaz, T. (2012). Jet spectral breaks in black hole X-ray binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 429(1), 815-832. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts377Stirling, A. M., Spencer, R. E., de La Force, C. J., Garrett, M. A., Fender, R. P., & Ogley, R. N. (2001). A relativistic jet from Cygnus X-1 in the low/hard X-ray state. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 327(4), 1273-1278. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04821.xCorbel, S., Kaaret, P., Fender, R. P., Tzioumis, A. K., Tomsick, J. A., & Orosz, J. A. (2005). Discovery of X‐Ray Jets in the Microquasar H1743−322. The Astrophysical Journal, 632(1), 504-513. doi:10.1086/432499Paragi, Z., van der Horst, A. J., Belloni, T., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Linford, J., Taylor, G., … Wijers, R. A. M. J. (2013). VLBI observations of the shortest orbital period black hole binary, MAXI J1659−152. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 432(2), 1319-1329. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt545Mainzer, A., Masiero, J., Grav, T., Bauer, J., Tholen, D. J., McMillan, R. S., … Maleszewski, C. (2011). NEOWISE STUDIES OF ASTEROIDS WITH SLOAN PHOTOMETRY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 745(1), 7. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/

The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts – II. New FRB discoveries and their follow-up

We report the discovery of four Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) in the ongoing SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts at the Parkes Radio Telescope: FRBs 150610, 151206, 151230 and 160102. Our real-time discoveries have enabled us to conduct extensive, rapid multimessenger follow-up at 12 major facilities sensitive to radio, optical, X-ray, gamma-ray photons and neutrinos on time-scales ranging from an hour to a few months post-burst. No counterparts to the FRBs were found and we provide upper limits on afterglow luminosities. None of the FRBs were seen to repeat. Formal fits to all FRBs show hints of scattering while their intrinsic widths are unresolved in time. FRB 151206 is at low Galactic latitude, FRB 151230 shows a sharp spectral cut-off, and FRB 160102 has the highest dispersion measure (DM = 2596.1 ± 0.3 pc cm−3) detected to date. Three of the FRBs have high dispersion measures (DM > 1500 pc cm−3), favouring a scenario where the DM is dominated by contributions from the intergalactic medium. The slope of the Parkes FRB source counts distribution with fluences >2 Jy ms is α=−2.2+0.6−1.2 and still consistent with a Euclidean distribution (α = −3/2). We also find that the all-sky rate is 1.7+1.5−0.9×103 FRBs/(4π sr)/day above ∼2Jyms and there is currently no strong evidence for a latitude-dependent FRB sky rate