Disability Education in Medical Schools: A Paradigm Shift for Inclusive Care

Disability education for medical students is often insufficient and can contribute to health disparities for people with disabilities. Our interdisciplinary curriculum development team created a longitudinal 4-year disability education model aimed at improving patient care for people with disabilities. Central to our curriculum are progressive sessions aligned with students\u27 medical journey, including three required sessions covering interdisciplinary healthcare teams, implicit bias, health disparities, disability culture, shared decision-making, communication, and self-determination. Through the inclusion of people with disabilities, an interdisciplinary curriculum development team, and trainee-driven advocacy, our longitudinal multi-phasic disability education curriculum seeks to mitigate health disparities. Our innovative approach addresses the gap in disability education, fostering more compassionate and inclusive healthcare practices

Equity, diversity, and inclusion at the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health

A lack of diversity in genomics for health continues to hinder equitable leadership and access to precision medicine approaches for underrepresented populations. To avoid perpetuating biases within the genomics workforce and genomic data collection practices, equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) must be addressed. This paper documents the journey taken by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (a genomics-based standard-setting and policy-framing organization) to create a more equitable, diverse, and inclusive environment for its standards and members. Initial steps include the creation of two groups: the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Advisory Group and the Regulatory and Ethics Diversity Group. Following a framework that we call "Reflected in our Teams, Reflected in our Standards," both groups address EDI at different stages in their policy development process. [Abstract copyright: © 2023 The Author(s).

Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer: an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop

Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.Fil: Russell, Ashley E.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Sneider, Alexandra. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Witwer, Kenneth W.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Bergese, Paolo. Università Degli Studi Di Brescia; ItaliaFil: Bhattacharyya, Suvendra N.. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; IndiaFil: Cocks, Alexander. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Cocucci, Emanuele. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Erdbrügger, Uta. University of Virginia; Estados UnidosFil: Falcon Perez, Juan M.. Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science; EspañaFil: Freeman, David W.. National Institute On Aging National Institute for Helth ; Estados UnidosFil: Gallagher, Thomas M.. Loyola University Of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Hu, Shuaishuai. Technological University Dublin; IrlandaFil: Huang, Yiyao. University Johns Hopkins; Estados Unidos. Southern Medical University; ChinaFil: Jay, Steven M.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Kano, Shin-ichi. The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Lavieu, Gregory. Institut Curie; FranciaFil: Leszczynska, Aleksandra. University of California at San Diego; Estados UnidosFil: Llorente, Alicia M.. Oslo University Hospital; NoruegaFil: Lu, Quan. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Mahairaki, Vasiliki. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Muth, Dillon C.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Noren Hooten, Nicole. National Institute On Aging National Institute for Helth ; Estados UnidosFil: Ostrowski, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Prada, Ilaria. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; ItaliaFil: Sahoo, Susmita. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ; Estados UnidosFil: Schøyen, Tine Hiorth. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Sheng, Lifuy. University of Washington. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Tesch, Deanna. Shaw University; Estados UnidosFil: Van Niel, Guillaume. No especifíca;Fil: Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E.. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Verweij, Frederik J.. No especifíca;Fil: Villar, Ana V.. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Wauben, Marca. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Wehman, Ann M.. Universität Würzburg; AlemaniaFil: Ardavan, Arzhang. Peking University; ; ChinaFil: Carter, David Raul Francisco. Oxford Brookes University; Reino UnidoFil: Vader, Pieter. University Medical Center Utrecht; Países Bajo

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Use of a DVD-based Strength Training Program by Breast Cancer Survivors in the Home Setting

Background: Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common type of cancer diagnosed among women in the United States. Advances in cancer detection and treatment have led to improved survival, and focus has shifted towards addressing the adverse physiological and psychological effects associated with BCa and its treatments. Evidence supports regular physical activity (PA) as an effective means of managing the negative side effects of BCa treatments and improving health-related quality of life (QOL). Strength training is of particular importance for BCa survivors who experience treatment-related functional limitations. Despite this fact, PA levels among BCa survivors are below those recommended for health, and decline further after diagnosis. Healthcare professionals (HCP) have been considered an ideal source for exercise promotion; nonetheless, an inadequate number of HCPs recommend PA to their BCa patients. As such, there is a need to identify new mediums for delivering exercise information and instruction programming that incorporate BCa survivors’ preferences and can be easily used by HCPs to encourage PA among their patients. Methods: Two studies were conducted successively. Study 1 was a qualitative anslysis in which female BCa survivors were asked to view a DVD-based exercise program prior to attending one of five focus groups. A semi-structured guide was used by a trained moderator to facilitate discussion. The focus groups were digitally recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach based on principles of grounded theory. Study 2 was a randomized pilot trial conducted among 23 BCa patients who were 4-weeks to 2-years post-surgery. Women were randomly assigned to one of two 12-week interventions: 1) twice-weekly DVD-based strength training (ST), or 2) weekly health education (HE) DVD viewing. The primary outcome was upper body strength as measured by a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) chest press. Measures of safety (i.e. pain and lymphedema symptoms) and quality of life (i.e. SF-36, FACT-B, and fatigue) were also taken at baseline and post-intervention. Results: For the first study, 45 BCa survivors were screened, 33 of whom participated in a focus group. The analysis resulted in two major themes: (1) factors that encourage, and (2) factors that serve as barriers to use of a DVD-based exercise program. Within these categories several sub-themes were identified, including changing notions of the relationship between physical activity and health status, pros and cons of using a DVD-based exercise program, information gaps in the healthcare setting, and time points of greater receptivity for use of a DVD-based exercise program. For the second study, 20 participants completed a post assessment. Mean adherence for study completers was 72.7% for ST and 75.0% for HE participants. A repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for baseline measurements, time since surgery, and current treatment status, revealed a significant increase in upper body strength among ST participants (13.2 vs. 1.8 lbs., p=0.019), as well as significant improvements in shoulder flexion (right arm: 7.1 vs. -3.1°, p=0.001; left arm: 8.9 vs. -2.7°, p=0.006) and abduction (right arm: 12.5 vs. 3.5°, p=0.012; left arm: 15.8 vs. 1.5°, p<0.001). HE participants showed greater QOL improvements in general QOL (p=0.029), fatigue-related disruption (p=0.005), and role limitations due to physical (p=0.002) and emotional (p=0.002) functioning. Discussion: Study 1 findings suggest that DVD-based exercise programming is an acceptable resource for female BCa survivors. Identified themes can inform the development of future DVD-based exercise programs so that they adequately address BCa survivors' needs throughout the cancer continuum. Study 2 results demonstrate that post-operative BCa patients can safely use a DVD-based strength training program unsupervised in the home setting to improve upper body strength and range of motion. HCPs can feel confident about using proven DVD-based exercise programs to help their BCa patients regain strength and function after BCa surgery.</p

Self-reported smoking behaviors among ethnically and racially diverse college students

This dataset contains the results of University of Miami Wellness Assessments collected in 2014-2016 to determine the behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of undergraduate students. In 2014, a 47 question online survey was administered to 1364 undergraduate students at the University of Miami between September 2014 and January 2015. In 2016, a 40 question online survey was administered to 801 undergraduate students at the University of Miami between August and September 2016. The survey is comprised of multiple choice, Likert scale and open-ended questions. The excel spreadsheet is organized with one question per sheet; each sheet includes the response rate, the answers to the question and a simple chart of the results. All results are in aggregate form and no individual respondent can be identified with this data

College students' experiences with substance use at electronic music events: A qualitative study

To understand college students' experiences with substance use at electronic music events (EME), including harm-reduction strategies and receptivity to educational intervention. A purposeful sample of undergraduate students at a private Southeastern university was recruited from April 2019 to May 2019 using online advertising and in-person tabling. A qualitative, descriptive research design utilizing semistructured focus groups. Five focus groups were conducted (  = 18). A thematic analysis revealed three main themes: substance use is commonplace; substance use and protective behaviors; and universities' role in substance education. Additional categories and subcategories were identified within each theme. Substance use at EME is a common experience for college students. Several challenges and opportunities exist for universities working to promote harm reduction practices. Prevention efforts should be event-specific, incorporate student input to engage learning more effectively, and work to reduce barriers that deter students from taking safety precautions when using substances