Núcleos de Estudo em Agroecologia (NEAs): conquistando corações e mentes para a agroecologia

ABSTRACT. Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of agroecological territories.ABSTRACT. Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of agroecological territories.RESUMEN. El Brasil se destaca a nivel mundial por haber implementado varias políticas destinadas a promover la agroecología como paradigma productivo para los pequeños agricultores. Sin embargo, los impactos de este proceso de institucionalización de la agroecología aún carecen de investigaciones y debates que evalúen la efectividad de estas políticas. En este trabajo, evaluamos y discutimos los impactos de una política específicamente centrada en la educación en agroecología, el apoyo al establecimiento de Centros para el Estudio de la Agroecología (NEAs) en educación superior en todo Brasil. Los NEAs reúnen a maestros, investigadores y estudiantes que participan en actividades de enseñanza, investigación y extensión en asociación con campesinos, sus organizaciones y trabajadores de extensión rural. La hipótesis que guía nuestro análisis es que este apoyo para establecer NEAs permitió la redistribución del poder simbólico en las universidades donde se establecieron, apoyando a la agroecología para ganar mayor legitimidad dentro y fuera del ámbito universitario. Sobre la base de un estudio en profundidad de cuatro NEAs, los NEAs se evalúan desde la perspectiva de los campos sociales en disputa. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el apoyo del Estado a los grupos universitarios dedicados a la promoción de la agroecología ha permitido la construcción de lo que hemos denominado espacios agroecológicos, que simbólicamente disputan los paradigmas dominantes en las instituciones educativas, apoyando la constitución de territorios agroecológicos.ABSTRACT. Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of agroecological territories.O Brasil se destaca em nível global por ter implementado políticas com a intenção de promover a agroecologia como paradigma produtivo para a agricultura familiar. No entanto, a eficácia dessas políticas ainda carece de pesquisas e debates que permitam a sua avaliação e a compreensão dos impactos desse processo de institucionalização da agroecologia. Neste artigo, avaliamos e discutimos o apoio à criação de Núcleos de Estudo em Agroecologia (NEAs) em instituições de ensino superior em todo o Brasil. Os NEAs reúnem professores, pesquisadores e estudantes que se engajam em atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão em parcerias com camponeses, suas organizações e extensionistas rurais. A hipótese que norteia nossa análise é que o apoio ao estabelecimento dos NEAs permitiu uma redistribuição do poder simbólico dentro das universidades onde eles foram estabelecidos, permitindo que a agroecologia ganhasse maior legitimidade. Com base em um estudo aprofundado de quatro NEAs, os avaliamos na perspectiva de campos sociais em disputa. Nossos achados sugerem que o apoio do Estado aos grupos universitários dedicados à promoção da agroecologia permitiu a construção do que chamamos de espaços agroecológicos, que simbolicamente contestam os paradigmas dominantes nas instituições de ensino, apoiando a constituição dos territórios agroecológicos. Palavras-chave: poder simbólico, agroecologia, transdisciplinaridade, educação superior, Brasil.   Winning Hearts and Minds Through a Policy Promoting the Agroecological Paradigm in Universities ABSTRACT. Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of agroecological territories. Keywords: symbolic power, agroecology, transdisciplinary, higher education, Brazil.   Ganar corazones y mentes a través de una política que promueva el paradigma agroecológico en las universidades RESUMEN. El Brasil se destaca a nivel mundial por haber implementado varias políticas destinadas a promover la agroecología como paradigma productivo para los pequeños agricultores. Sin embargo, los impactos de este proceso de institucionalización de la agroecología aún carecen de investigaciones y debates que evalúen la efectividad de estas políticas. En este trabajo, evaluamos y discutimos los impactos de una política específicamente centrada en la educación en agroecología, el apoyo al establecimiento de Centros para el Estudio de la Agroecología (NEAs) en educación superior en todo Brasil. Los NEAs reúnen a maestros, investigadores y estudiantes que participan en actividades de enseñanza, investigación y extensión en asociación con campesinos, sus organizaciones y trabajadores de extensión rural. La hipótesis que guía nuestro análisis es que este apoyo para establecer NEAs permitió la redistribución del poder simbólico en las universidades donde se establecieron, apoyando a la agroecología para ganar mayor legitimidad dentro y fuera del ámbito universitario. Sobre la base de un estudio en profundidad de cuatro NEAs, los NEAs se evalúan desde la perspectiva de los campos sociales en disputa. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el apoyo del Estado a los grupos universitarios dedicados a la promoción de la agroecología ha permitido la construcción de lo que hemos denominado espacios agroecológicos, que simbólicamente disputan los paradigmas dominantes en las instituciones educativas, apoyando la constitución de territorios agroecológicos. Palabras clave: poder simbólico, agroecología, transdisciplinar, educación superior, Brasil

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertensão Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consultório e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR

Resumo Fundamento Sabe-se que em torno de 30% dos pacientes apresentam valores de pressão arterial (PA) mais elevados quando examinados no consultório do que em suas residências. No mundo, admite-se que apenas 35% dos hipertensos já tratados tenham alcançado meta pressórica. Objetivo Fornecer dados epidemiológicos sobre o controle da PA nos consultórios, em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros, avaliado pela medida de consultório e monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA). Métodos Análise transversal. Observou-se pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial, em tratamento anti-hipertensivo, podendo ou não estar com a PA controlada. A PA foi verificada no consultório por profissional médico, e no domicílio através da MRPA. A associação entre variáveis categóricas se deu por meio do teste do qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados Foram incluídos 2.540 pacientes, com idade média 59,7 ± 15,2 anos. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (62%; n = 1.575). O estudo mostrou uma prevalência de 15% (n = 382) de hipertensão do avental branco não controlada, e 10% (n = 253) de hipertensão mascarada não controlada. A taxa de controle da PA no consultório foi 56,3%, e no domicílio, de 61%; 46,4% dos pacientes tiveram PA controlada no consultório e fora dele. Observou-se maior controle no sexo feminino e na faixa etária 49-61 anos. Observando o controle domiciliar com o novo ponto de corte das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial de 2020, a taxa de controle foi de 42,4%. Conclusão O controle pressórico nos consultórios em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros foi de 56,3%; 61% quando a PA foi obtida no domicílio, e 46,4% quando o controle foi observado tanto no consultório como no domicílio

I Diretriz Brasileira de Cardio-Oncologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Fac Med, Inst Coracao, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Inst Cardiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Serv Cardiol, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Hosp, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Procardiaco, Ctr Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Fdn Ctr Oncol Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMonte Tabor Hosp Sao Rafael, Salvador, BA, BrazilFdn Beneficencia Hosp & Cirurgia, Clin Coracao, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Socor, Ecoctr, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Inst Cardiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

European Architectural History Network, EAHN 2022 : 7th International Meeting. Conference Proceedings

The 7th EAHN Biennial Meeting (Madrid, June 15-19, 2022) attracted a relevant collection of papers on various topics. Like its predecessors, EAHN 2022 aimed to promote high quality research. As a diverse field, architectural history requires interaction and discussion among people with different interests and backgrounds. Beginning and experienced theorists and practitioners, people from different disciplines and different countries gathered both in person and virtually to learn from and contribute to each other’s growth. The conference was organized in two calls. The first one to define the sessions and round tables, and the second one to select the participants. In the first call there were a total of 85 session and roundtable proposals, evaluated in 5 peer-reviewed tracks. Of these, the following contributions were accepted: 20 sessions and 5 roundtables . To participate in these, a total of 486 submissions, evaluated in 25 peer-reviewed tracks, were received. The acceptance rate for contributions received in the peer-reviewed tracks was 29,41% for session and roundtable proposals, 25,72% for full papers and roundtable lectures, and 41,51% for interest group meeting participants. Many of these contributions were accepted after further review to be included in the present proceedings. The final decision on acceptance or rejection of full papers was taken in an Editorial Committee meeting held in September 2022. The meeting discussed a consistent set of criteria to deal with inevitable differences among many reviewers, and the expert advice of the corresponding session chairs and reviewers was taken in consideration

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.The aim of this study was to inform vaccination prioritization by modelling the impact of vaccination on elective inpatient surgery. The study found that patients aged at least 70 years needing elective surgery should be prioritized alongside other high-risk groups during early vaccination programmes. Once vaccines are rolled out to younger populations, prioritizing surgical patients is advantageous

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

International audienceInterindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-ω (IFN-ω) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-α (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old