La evolución del concepto de estrategia de marketing internacional y su aplicación al caso español de moda hogar

The export marketing strategy is one of the most important variables among the determinants of the export performance in international companies. This paper pretends to focus on this subject through the analysis of the theoretical concept of marketing and its evolution throughout the last decades, resulting in a change of tendency, which moves from a product based kind of marketing to another based on services. In this context, aspects like relational marketing, corporate social responsibility or the incorporation of new technologies to the operational process will be considered and analyzed from a consistent theoretical background based on the Resource Based View (RBV) and the theory of dynamic capabilities. Additionally, the quantitative analysis of the strategic and operational marketing policies in the home decoration industry in Spain will show, thanks to the testimony of the managers themselves, the way companies carry out their international marketing strategies, giving us the opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses in order to contribute to the improvement of the competitive advantage in the industry.La estrategia de marketing internacional es una de las variables más importantes entre los factores que determinan el resultado de una empresa exportadora. Este trabajo pretende profundizar en el tema mediante el análisis del concepto teórico de marketing y su evolución a lo largo de las últimas décadas, resultando en un cambio de tendencia que avanza desde un tipo de marketing centrado en el producto a otro centrado en los servicios. De esta forma, se van a considerar aspectos como el marketing relacional, la responsabilidad social corporativa o la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías al proceso operativo, que serán analizados desde un trasfondo teórico basado en el punto de vista de los recursos de la empresa (RBV) y la teoría de las capacidades dinámicas. Por otra parte, el análisis cuantitativo de las políticas de marketing estratégico y operativo en el sector de la moda hogar en España mostrará, gracias a los testimonios de los propios directivos, la forma en la que las empresas llevan a cabo sus estrategias de marketing internacional, identificando los puntos fuertes y débiles para contribuir a la mejora de la competitividad empresarial del sector

Quality in Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review

[EN] The literature about quality has experienced an important expansion in the tourism sector in the last decade. This is a result of the importance of quality issues when attempting to maintain and expand sustainable business models for tourism organizations and destinations, which are critical to strengthen competitiveness in the new framework. This relevance has been reflected in the tourism literature, with numerous papers focusing on the topic of quality. Nevertheless, despite its importance, there is a lack of studies and reviews of this literature. In order to overcome this problem, this paper develops a bibliometric and visualization analysis of the literature that examines the topics of tourism and quality together. Specifically, the article studies the 4625 documents on this issue published until the end of 2018 in the Web of Science Core Collection database, by using the co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-authorship analyses. In addition, the VOSviewer program was used to map the diverse clusters or relationships among the literature. The results showed the trends and impact of this literature, and also the main papers, authors, journals, institutions, and even countries that focus on tourism and quality aspects together. They are useful for researchers and practitioners when dealing with this topic, in order to better understand the situation of this issue and its development.This research was funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Universitat Jaume I. and The APC was funded by Walailak University.Garrigós Simón, FJ.; Narangajavana-Kaosiri, Y.; Narangajavana, Y. (2019). Quality in Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review. Sustainability. 11(14):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143859S1221114Armenski, T., Dwyer, L., & Pavluković, V. (2017). Destination Competitiveness: Public and Private Sector Tourism Management in Serbia. Journal of Travel Research, 57(3), 384-398. doi:10.1177/0047287517692445Broadus, R. N. (1987). Toward a definition of «bibliometrics». Scientometrics, 12(5-6), 373-379. doi:10.1007/bf02016680Garrigos-Simon, F., Narangajavana-Kaosiri, Y., & Lengua-Lengua, I. (2018). Tourism and Sustainability: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis. Sustainability, 10(6), 1976. doi:10.3390/su10061976Michael Hall, C. (2011). Publish and perish? Bibliometric analysis, journal ranking and the assessment of research quality in tourism. Tourism Management, 32(1), 16-27. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.07.001Benckendorff, P., & Zehrer, A. (2013). A NETWORK ANALYSIS OF TOURISM RESEARCH. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 121-149. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2013.04.005Yuan, Y., Gretzel, U., & Tseng, Y.-H. (2014). Revealing the Nature of Contemporary Tourism Research: Extracting Common Subject Areas through Bibliographic Coupling. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5), 417-431. doi:10.1002/jtr.2004Barrios, M., Borrego, A., Vilaginés, A., Ollé, C., & Somoza, M. (2008). A bibliometric study of psychological research on tourism. Scientometrics, 77(3), 453-467. doi:10.1007/s11192-007-1952-0De la Hoz-Correa, A., Muñoz-Leiva, F., & Bakucz, M. (2018). Past themes and future trends in medical tourism research: A co-word analysis. Tourism Management, 65, 200-211. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.001García-Lillo, F., Claver-Cortés, E., Úbeda-García, M., Marco-Lajara, B., & Zaragoza-Sáez, P. C. (2018). Mapping the «intellectual structure» of research on human resources in the «tourism and hospitality management scientific domain». International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1741-1768. doi:10.1108/ijchm-04-2017-0187Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00095-3Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., … Hatziolos, M. E. (2007). Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification. Science, 318(5857), 1737-1742. doi:10.1126/science.1152509Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785-804. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00108-5Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I., & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607-616. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00035-8Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50. doi:10.1177/002224298504900403Reeves, C. A., & Bednar, D. A. (1994). DEFINING QUALITY: ALTERNATIVES AND IMPLICATIONS. Academy of Management Review, 19(3), 419-445. doi:10.5465/amr.1994.9412271805Kandampully, J. (2000). The impact of demand fluctuation on the quality of service: a tourism industry example. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 10(1), 10-19. doi:10.1108/09604520010307012“Quality”http://sdt.unwto.org/en/content/qualityUysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. (Lina). (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244-261. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.013Garrigós-Simón, F. J., Galdón-Salvador, J. L., & Gil-Pechuán, I. (2015). The Economic Sustainability of Tourism Growth through Leakage Calculation. Tourism Economics, 21(4), 721-739. doi:10.5367/te.2014.0372Honarpour, A., Jusoh, A., & Md Nor, K. (2017). Total quality management, knowledge management, and innovation: an empirical study in R&D units. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29(7-8), 798-816. doi:10.1080/14783363.2016.1238760Prayag, G. (2009). TOURISTS’ EVALUATIONS OF DESTINATION IMAGE, SATISFACTION, AND FUTURE BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS—THE CASE OF MAURITIUS. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 26(8), 836-853. doi:10.1080/10548400903358729Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31. doi:10.2307/1251929Lynn Shostack, G. (1982). How to Design a Service. European Journal of Marketing, 16(1), 49-63. doi:10.1108/eum0000000004799Crompton, J. L., & Love, L. L. (1995). The Predictive Validity of Alternative Approaches to Evaluating Quality of a Festival. Journal of Travel Research, 34(1), 11-24. doi:10.1177/004728759503400102Wu, H.-C., Li, M.-Y., & Li, T. (2014). A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Experiential Satisfaction, Theme Park Image, and Revisit Intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(1), 26-73. doi:10.1177/1096348014563396Atilgan, E., Akinci, S., & Aksoy, S. (2003). Mapping service quality in the tourism industry. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 13(5), 412-422. doi:10.1108/09604520310495877Merigó, J. M., & Yang, J.-B. (2016). Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Australian Accounting Review, 27(1), 71-100. doi:10.1111/auar.12109Delgado López-Cózar, E., Robinson-García, N., & Torres-Salinas, D. (2013). The Google scholar experiment: How to index false papers and manipulate bibliometric indicators. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(3), 446-454. doi:10.1002/asi.23056Cancino, C., Merigó, J. M., Coronado, F., Dessouky, Y., & Dessouky, M. (2017). Forty years of Computers & Industrial Engineering: A bibliometric analysis. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 113, 614-629. doi:10.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033Blanco-Mesa, F., Merigó, J. M., & Gil-Lafuente, A. M. (2017). Fuzzy decision making: A bibliometric-based review. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 32(3), 2033-2050. doi:10.3233/jifs-161640Merigó, J. M., Gil-Lafuente, A. M., & Yager, R. R. (2015). An overview of fuzzy research with bibliometric indicators. Applied Soft Computing, 27, 420-433. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2014.10.035Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), 16569-16572. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507655102Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2009). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3Small, H. (1973). Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 24(4), 265-269. doi:10.1002/asi.4630240406Kessler, M. M. (1963). Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers. American Documentation, 14(1), 10-25. doi:10.1002/asi.5090140103Liao, H., Tang, M., Luo, L., Li, C., Chiclana, F., & Zeng, X.-J. (2018). A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Medical Big Data Research. Sustainability, 10(2), 166. doi:10.3390/su10010166Chen, C.-F., & Chen, F.-S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29-35. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22. doi:10.1177/002224298805200302Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). 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Comparative Analysis of American and Spanish Cruise Passenger's Behavioral Intentions

[EN] Earlier studies of cross-national differences in consumer behavior in different consumption sectors have verified that cultural differences have a strong influence on consumers. Despite the importance of cross-national analysis, no studies in the literature examine the moderating effects of nationality on the construction of behavioral intentions and their antecedents among cruise line passengers. This study investigates the moderating effects of nationality on the relationships between perceived value, satisfaction, trust and behavioral intentions among Spanish and (U.S.) American passengers of cruise lines that use Barcelona as home port and port-of-call. A theoretical model was tested with a total of 968 surveys. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used, by means of a multigroup analysis. Results of this study indicated that Spaniards showed stronger relationships between trust and behavioral intentions, and between emotional value and satisfaction. Americans presented stronger relations.[PT] Estudos em distintos setores de consumo verificaram que as diferenças culturais têm uma forte influência sobre os consumidores. Apesar da importância da análise transnacional, não há estudos na literatura que examinem os efeitos da nacionalidade na construção das intenções de comportamento e seus antecedentes entre os passageiros de cruzeiros. Esta pesquisa investiga os efeitos moderadores da nacionalidade nas relações entre valor percebido, satisfação, confiança e intenções de comportamento entre passageiros espanhóis e norte-americanos. Realizaram-se 968 enquetes para provar o modelo teórico, que foi analisado com modelos de equações estruturais, mediante uma análise multigrupo. Os resultados indicam que os espanhóis mostraram relações mais fortes entre confiança e intenções de comportamento, e entre valor emocional e satisfação. Ao contrário dos norte-americanos, que apresentaram relações mais fortes entre qualidade de serviço e satisfação, e entre qualidade de serviço e intenções de comportamento.[ES] Algunos estudios anteriores de diferencias observadas entre países respecto de las conductas de los consumidores de diferentes sectores de consumo verificaron que las diferencias culturales ejercen una poderosa influencia sobre los consumidores. A pesar de la importancia de los análisis transnacionales, no hay en la literatura estudios que analicen los efectos moderadores de la nacionalidad sobre la construcción de intenciones de conducta y sus antecedentes entre pasajeros de cruceros. Este estudio investiga los efectos moderadores de la nacionalidad sobre las relaciones entre el valor percibido, la satisfacción, la confianza y las intenciones de conducta entre los pasajeros españoles y norteamericanos (EE. UU.) de cruceros, que utilizan a Barcelona como puerto de origen y puerto de escala. Se probó un modelo teórico con un total de 968 encuestas. Se emplearon modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM por su sigla en inglés), a través de un análisis multigrupo. Los resultados de este estudio indicaron que los españoles mostraron relaciones más sólidas entre la confianza y las intenciones de comportamiento y entre el valor emocional y la satisfacción. Los americanos evidenciaron relaciones más sólidas entre la calidad del servicio y la satisfacción y entre la calidad del servicio y las intenciones de conducta.Forgas-Coll, S.; Palau-Saumell, R.; Sanchez-Garcia, J.; Garrigós Simón, FJ. (2016). Comparative Analysis of American and Spanish Cruise Passenger's Behavioral Intentions. RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas. 56(1):87-100. doi:10.1590/S0034-759020160108S8710056

Social networks and Web 3.0: their impact on the management and marketing of organizations

[EN] Purpose - Innovations, coupled with the advancement of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the evolution of the internet, have had a profound impact on the structure of firms and have altered the decision-making process. In the new economic and social environment, the understanding of the developments and transformations undergone by ICTs with the advancement of social networks and Web 3.0 technology is vital because of the influence of recent innovations in the competitiveness of organizations. The aim of this paper is to achieve an in-depth understanding of the new environment that has emerged with these developments. Design/methodology/approach - The study focuses on the use of social networks and the conception of the corresponding new business models, highlighting the importance of community managers and crowdsourcing processes. Findings- The paper explores the possible sources of competitive advantages open to organizations in the light of recent innovatiions, and highlights the developments that they should implement to improve the decision management process and exploit new situations. Practical implications - The paper analyzes the impact of social networks and Web 3.0 technology in the management and marketing of organizations, highlighting certain mechanisms to improve competitive advantages for organizations. Originality/value - The impact of social networks and Web 3.0 technology on organizations has not been analyzed in the literature. The paper also highlights the importance of community managers and crowdsourcing processes in coping with the new environment.The authors acknowledge financial support from Universitat Politècnica de València, (PAID-00-10).Garrigós Simón, FJ.; Lapiedra Alcami, R.; Barberá Ribera, MT. (2012). Social networks and Web 3.0: their impact on the management and marketing of organizations. Management Decision. 50(10):1880-1890. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211279657S188018905010Antezana, E., Kuiper, M., & Mironov, V. (2009). Biological knowledge management: the emerging role of the Semantic Web technologies. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 10(4), 392-407. doi:10.1093/bib/bbp024Arnone, L., Geerts, A., & Scoubeau, C. (2009). Implementing company-managed virtual communities as a relationship marketing tool: a decision systems analysis. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 8(1), 5-27. doi:10.1362/147539209x414362Berners‐Lee, T., Hendler, J. and Lassila, O. (2001), “The semantic web”,Scientific American, Vol. 284 No. 5, May, pp. 35‐43.boyd, danah m., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.xBrabham, D. C. (2008). Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14(1), 75-90. doi:10.1177/1354856507084420Burt, R. S., Hogarth, R. M., & Michaud, C. (2000). The Social Capital of French and American Managers. Organization Science, 11(2), 123-147. doi:10.1287/orsc.11.2.123.12506Caro, F., & Gallien, J. (2010). Inventory Management of a Fast-Fashion Retail Network. Operations Research, 58(2), 257-273. doi:10.1287/opre.1090.0698Chiu, C.-M., Hsu, M.-H., & Wang, E. T. G. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1872-1888. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001Chui, M., Miller, A. and Roberts, R.P. (2009), “Six ways to make Web 2.0 work”,McKinsey on Business Technology, Vol. 16, Summer, pp. 2‐10.Corney, J. R., Sanchez, C. T., Jagadeesan, A. P., & Regli, W. C. (2009). Outsourcing labour to the cloud. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 4(4), 294. doi:10.1504/ijisd.2009.033083Feigenbaum, L., Herman, I., Hongsermeier, T., Neumann, E., & Stephens, S. (2007). The Semantic Web in Action. Scientific American, 297(6), 90-97. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-90Ferdows, K., Lewis, M.A. and Machuca, J.A.D. (2004), “Rapid‐fire fulfillment”,Harvard Business Review, Vol. 82 No. 11, pp. 104‐10.Fuchs, C., Hofkirchner, W., Schafranek, M., Raffl, C., Sandoval, M., & Bichler, R. (2010). Theoretical Foundations of the Web: Cognition, Communication, and Co-Operation. Towards an Understanding of Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0. Future Internet, 2(1), 41-59. doi:10.3390/fi2010041Geiger, D., Seedorf, S., Schulze, T., Nickerson, R. and Schader, M. (2011), “Managing the crowd: towards a taxonomy of crowdsourcing processes”,Proceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information Systems, August 4th‐7th, Detroit, Michigan, pp. 1‐11.Hendler, J. (2009). Web 3.0 Emerging. Computer, 42(1), 111-113. doi:10.1109/mc.2009.30Hsu, M.-H., Ju, T. L., Yen, C.-H., & Chang, C.-M. (2007). Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: The relationship between trust, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(2), 153-169. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.09.003Jarillo, J. C. (1988). On strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 31-41. doi:10.1002/smj.4250090104Kalpič, B., & Bernus, P. (2006). Business process modeling through the knowledge management perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(3), 40-56. doi:10.1108/13673270610670849Kleemann, F., Voß, G.G. and Rieder, K. (2008), “Un(der)paid innovators: the commercial utilization of consumer work through crowdsourcing”,Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, Vol. 4 No. 1, July, pp. 5‐26.Kodama, M. (2005). New knowledge creation through leadership-based strategic community—a case of new product development in IT and multimedia business fields. 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A comparative analysis of american and spanish cruise passengers' behavioral intentions

Earlier studies of cross-national differences in consumer behavior in different consumption sectors have verified that cultural differences have a strong influence on consumers. Despite the importance of cross-national analysis, no studies in the literature examine the moderating effects of nationality on the construction of behavioral intentions and their antecedents among cruise line passengers. This study investigates the moderating effects of nationality on the relationships between perceived value, satisfaction, trust and behavioral intentions among Spanish and (U.S.) American passengers of cruise lines that use Barcelona as home port and port-of-call. A theoretical model was tested with a total of 968 surveys. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used, by means of a multigroup analysis. Results of this study indicated that Spaniards showed stronger relationships between trust and behavioral intentions, and between emotional value and satisfaction. Americans presented stronger relationships between service quality and satisfaction, and between service quality and behavioral intentions

Effects of crowdvoting on hotels: the Booking.com case

[EN] Purpose - This paper aims to define and demonstrate the importance of crowdsourcing for the improvement of diverse functions of hotels, the advantages and disadvantages of this technique and, specifically, the relevance of crowdvoting for enhancing hotel sales, and diverse hotel performance dimensions. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 45,103 opinions from Booking.com, a sample of 184 questionnaires addressed to hotel managers and partial least squares (PLS)-path modeling were combined to contrast the hypotheses. Findings - The results empirically show the direct and positive impact of the opinions of the crowd on the amount of hotel sales that do not depend on physical intermediaries, and the impact that this has on the performance dimensions of hotels. Practical implications - The paper shows the relevance of following strategies addressed at increasing the customers' recommendations in the main social media or virtual travel agencies, as a mechanism to reduce tourism and hospitality organizations' traditional weaknesses and increase their long-term performance. Originality/value - The novelty of crowdsourcing, means that few works (although with an explosive increase and with high impact) have focused on this aspect in the literature, especially in the tourism and hospitality literature. The results of our research open new areas of research and contrast the relevance of crowdsourcing and specifically crowdvoting for the success of hotels. In addition, the methodology employed, by mixing the data from a social media, with a questionnaire addressed to managers, can open new ideas for future works.This paper acknowledges financial support from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Garrigós Simón, FJ.; Galdón Salvador, JL.; Sanz-Blas, S. (2017). Effects of crowdvoting on hotels: the Booking.com case. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 29(1):419-437. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-08-2015-0435S41943729

Measuring social entrepreneurship and social value with leakage. Definition, analysis and policies for the hospitality industry

The aim is to analyze, define and examine the connections between social entrepreneurship and the generation of social value, considering the concept of leakage as a measure of social value creation and distribution for the hospitality industry. The paper also proposes an exploratory-theoretical framework of policies to promote social entrepreneurship in hospitality, reduce leakage, and increase the generation of social value. Firstly, the paper concentrates on the figure of the social entrepreneur as a promoter of social value creation. Secondly, it analyzes social value creation in hospitality and its measurement. Then, the article studies and presents leakage as an instrument to monitor social value created by social entrepreneurship in hospitality. Finally, the paper proposes a wide framework of policies to enhance social value creation in hospitality, through the reduction of leakage and reinforcement of social entrepreneurship. Leakage is a useful indicator to monitor social value creation in the hospitality industry. The reduction of leakage can gauge the success of policies promoting social entrepreneurship activities which improve social value creation for the host society. The paper proposes proper and idiosyncratic measures of social value creation in hospitality. It also provides a mechanism to measure the effectiveness of the actions designed to generate social entrepreneurship and social value, at a destination and also at firm or hotel level. A complete framework of actions and policies addressed to increase social entrepreneurship and social value is also proposed.Narangajavana, Y.; Gonzalez-Cruz, T.; Garrigós Simón, FJ.; Cruz-Ros, S. (2016). Measuring social entrepreneurship and social value with leakage. Definition, analysis and policies for the hospitality industry. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 12(3):911-934. doi:10.1007/s11365-016-0396-5S911934123Abu-Saifan, S. 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