One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function.Naturali

A Comparative Study Of The Bivalvia (mollusca) From The Continental Shelves Of Antarctica And Brazil [estudo Comparativo Dos Bivalvia (mollusca) Da Plataforma Continental Da Antártica E Do Brasil]

During identification of bivalve molluscs collected in Antarctica, a rich taxonomic bibliography was gathered, stimulating comparisons with the Brazilian malacofauna. We listed a total of 68 and 368 known shallow-water species (less than 200 m depth) from Antarctica and Brazil, respectively, in order to find species, families and superfamilies in common, and to investigate how these malacofaunas differ in regard to these representative groups and their life habits. There are 23 superfamilies absent in Antarctica, but present in Brazil with at least one species; the reverse does not occur, as all superfamilies known from Antarctica are also recorded from Brazil. The number of Brazilian species is higher, being composed of a mixture of taxa from different biogeographical provinces, whereas in Antarctica there are only a few species adapted to its polar conditions, with minor components from elsewhere. Thus, many typical Caribbean species extend into Brazil, belonging to the diverse Arcoidea, Pectinoidea, Lucinoidea, Cardioidea, Veneroidea, and Tellinoidea. Cemented Ostreoidea, Plicatuloidea, Dimyoidea, Spondylidae (Pectinoidea), and Chamoidea are absent from Antarctica, as are wood (Teredinidae, Pholadoidea) and rock borers (Pholadidae, Pholadoidea; Gastrochaenoidea; and Lithophaginae, Mytiloidea). A large number of Brazilian species of infaunal (e.g., Tellinidae, Veneridae, Cardiidae, and Mactroidea) and epifaunal groups (Pectinidae, Mytilidae, and Arcidae) are absent from or poorly represented in Antarctica. Nuculanoidea, Limopsoidea, Lucinoidea, Galeommatoidea, Cyamioidea, and Cuspidarioidea are the richest groups in Antarctica; some of them are also represented by several species in Brazil, albeit in deeper waters. Three species are recorded as living in both places: Limatulapygmaea (Limidae), Lasaeaadansoni (Lasaeidae), and Gaimardiatrapesina (Gaimardiidae). Through the analysis of these groups from each fauna, it is possible to identify those that are taxonomically diverse in one place or another, and then emphasize them in ecological studies, eventually using them as model or monitoring organisms. The present paper can be a starting point for future discussion on the existing latitudinal gradients along the coast of eastern South America, stimulating studies on changes occurring in the composition of the faunas of bivalves from Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Antarctica.111143155Abbott, R.T., (1974) American Seashells, , 2 ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New YorkAbele, D., Tesch, C., Wencke, P., Pörtner, H.O., How does oxidative stress relate to thermal tolerance in the Antarctic bivalve Yoldiaeightsi? (2001) Antarct. Sci, 13, pp. 11-118Absalão, R.S., Pimenta, A.D., (2005) Moluscos Marinhos Da APA Do Arquipélago De Santana, , Macaé, RJ. 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Quantitative Bandwidth Analysis Of Automatic Circuit Provisioning On Roadm-based Networks Using Gmpls Control Plane

Protected circuits provisioning on an optical network based on ROADMs is demonstrated using a GMPLS control plane with physical impairments considerations (link attenuation and PMD). Therefore, messages exchanged between nodes related to signaling procedures and topological data flooding were altered, in order to carry the necessary information for WDM network control. To operate properly, a RWA algorithm is also proposed, which considers physical link characteristics in path computation. It also provides protection path computation facilities, using an optical layer recovery mechanism. ©2009IEEE.664668Elada, L., (2006) 40-channel Ultra-low-power Compact PLC-based ROADM Subsystem OFC 2006, , Anaheim, Estados UnidosSantos, G.C., Santos, F.D., Oliveira, J.C.R.F., (2008) Aprovisionamento Automático de Circuitos Ópticos Via Plano de Controle GMPLS Aplicado a Uma Rede Óptica Reconfigurável Baseada Em ROADMs, , SbrT Rio de Janeiro, BrasilMannie, E., (2004) Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture RFC 3945, , OctoberChlamtac, I., Ganz, A., Karmi, G., Lightpath communications: An approach to highbandwidth optical WAN's (1992) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 40 (7), pp. 1171-1182. , JulhoZang, H., Jue, J.P., Biswanath, M., (2000) A Review of Routing and Wavelength Assignment Approaches for Wavelength-Routed Optical WDM NetworksChlamtac, I., Ganz, A., Karmi, G., Purely Optical Networks for Terabit Communication Proc., IEEE INFOCOMBarry, R.A., Subramaniam, S., The MAX-SUM Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for WDM Ring Networks Proc., OFC '97, Feb. 1997Birman, A., Kershenbaum, A., Routing and Wavelength Assignment Methods in Single-Hop All- Optical Networks with Blocking (1995) Proc., IEEE INFOCOM '95, Boston, MA, 2, pp. 431-438. , AprilJeong, G., Ayanoglu, E., Comparison of Wavelength- Interchanging and Wavelength-Selective Cross-Connects in Multiwavelength All-Optical Networks (1996) Proc., IEEE INFOCOM '96, San Francisco, CA, 1, pp. 156-163. , MarchKarasan, E., Ayanoglu, E., Effects of Wavelength Routing and Selection Algorithms on Wavelength Conversion Gain in WDM Optical Networks (1998) IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 6 (2), pp. 186-196. , AprilSubramaniam, S., Barry, R.A., Wavelength Assignment in Fixed Routing WDM Networks (1997) Proc., ICC '97, Montreal, Canada, 1, pp. 406-410. , JuneZhang, X., Qiao, C., Wavelength Assignment for Dynamic Traffic in Multi-fiber WDM Networks (1998) Proc., 7th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, Lafayette, la, pp. 479-485. , OctKatz, D., Kompella, K., Yeung, D., (2003) Traffic Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2 RFC 3630, , Setembro deLang, J., (2005) Link Management Protocol RFC 4204, , OutubroOliveira, J.C.R.F., Oliveira, J.R.F., Monte, L.R., Santos, G.C., Arradi, R., Esquema de Proteção Óptica Rápida para Redes Reconfiguráveis Baseadas em ROADMs de Grau 2 MOMAG 2008, Florianópolis, Brasilhttp://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net

Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy with the ATLAS detector

Jet cross sections have been measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. The measurement uses an integrated luminosity of 17 nb−1 recorded at the Large Hadron Collider. The anti-k t algorithm is used to identify jets, with two jet resolution parameters, R=0.4 and 0.6. The dominant uncertainty comes from the jet energy scale, which is determined to within 7% for central jets above 60 GeV transverse momentum. Inclusive single-jet differential cross sections are presented as functions of jet transverse momentum and rapidity. Dijet cross sections are presented as functions of dijet mass and the angular variable χ. The results are compared to expectations based on next-to-leading-order QCD, which agree with the data, providing a validation of the theory in a new kinematic regime