Parsimony and omitted factors: the airline model and the Census X-11 assumptions

El tipo de modelo Arima para el que el metodo de ajuste estacional X-11 es adecuado se ha identificado como (1-L)(1-L12)Xt=G(L)at, (CX), en donde G(L) es de orden 26. En este documento se aproxima el modelo CX mediante un modelo Arima (1,1,2)(0,1,1), con raices complejas en el factor MA regular y se demuestra que tal modelo tiene un factor de estabilidad -mayor potencia espectral en frecuencias bajas- que no esta presente en el "modelo de lineas aereas" propuesto por Box y Jenkins

Severity-Related Changes of Bronchial Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Bronchial colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) is often demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but culture-based techniques identify only a portion of the bacteria in mucosal surfaces. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the bronchial microbiome of COPD associated with the severity of the disease. The bronchial microbiome of COPD patients was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing in sputum samples obtained during stable disease. Seventeen COPD patients were studied (forced expiratory volume in the first second expressed as a percentage of the forced vital capacity [FEV1%] median, 35.0%; interquartile range [IQR], 31.5 to 52.0), providing a mean of 4,493 (standard deviation [SD], 2,598) sequences corresponding to 47 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (SD, 17) at a 97% identity level. Patients were dichotomized according to their lung function as moderate to severe when their FEV1% values were over the median and as advanced when FEV1% values were lower. The most prevalent phyla in sputum were Proteobacteria (44%) and Firmicutes (16%), followed by Actinobacteria (13%). A greater microbial diversity was found in patients with moderate-to-severe disease, and alpha diversity showed a statistically significant decrease in patients with advanced disease when assessed by Shannon (ρ = 0.528; P = 0.029, Spearman correlation coefficient) and Chao1 (ρ = 0.53; P = 0.028, Spearman correlation coefficient) alpha-diversity indexes. The higher severity that characterizes advanced COPD is paralleled by a decrease in the diversity of the bronchial microbiome, with a loss of part of the resident flora that is replaced by a more restricted microbiota that includes PPMs

Primary Black Hole Spin in OJ 287 as Determined by the General Relativity Centenary Flare

OJ 287 is a quasi-periodic quasar with roughly 12 year optical cycles. It displays prominent outbursts that are predictable in a binary black hole model. The model predicted a major optical outburst in 2015 December. We found that the outburst did occur within the expected time range, peaking on 2015 December 5 at magnitude 12.9 in the optical R -band. Based on Swift /XRT satellite measurements and optical polarization data, we find that it included a major thermal component. Its timing provides an accurate estimate for the spin of the primary black hole, ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/2041-8205/819/2/L37/apjl523055ieqn1.gif] $i =0.313pm 0.01$ . The present outburst also confirms the established general relativistic properties of the system such as the loss of orbital energy to gravitational radiation at the 2% accuracy level, and it opens up the possibility of testing the black hole no-hair theorem with 10% accuracy during the present decade.Peer reviewe

Terminological challenges in the translation of science documentaries: a case-study

This article aims to describe some of the main terminological problems audiovisual translators have to face when dealing with the translation of science documentaries, specifically in the English-Catalan combination. The first section of the article presents some theoretical concepts which underlie this research and which are taken, for the most part, from Cabré's Communicative Theory of Terminology. Then, specific terminological problems audiovisual translators have to solve are described using the data provided by a corpus of four science documentaries lasting approximately 50 minutes each. These challenges include identifying a term, understanding a term, finding the right equivalent, dealing with the absence of an adequate equivalent, solving denominative variations, choosing between in vivo and in vitro terminology, and overcoming mistranscriptions

A Search for QPOs in the Blazar OJ287: Preliminary Results from the 2015/2016 Observing Campaign

We analyse the light curve in the R band of the blazar OJ287, gathered during the 2015/2016 observing season. We did a search for quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) using several methods over a wide range of timescales. No statistically significant periods were found in the high-frequency domain both in the ground-based data and in Kepler observations. In the longer-period domain, the Lomb–Scargle periodogram revealed several peaks above the 99% significance level. The longest one—about 95 days—corresponds to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) period of the more massive black hole. The 43-day period could be an alias, or it can be attributed to accretion in the form of a two-armed spiral wave.Peer reviewe

The Genetic Requirements for Fast and Slow Growth in Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects a third of the world's population. Primary tuberculosis involving active fast bacterial replication is often followed by asymptomatic latent tuberculosis, which is characterised by slow or non-replicating bacteria. Reactivation of the latent infection involving a switch back to active bacterial replication can lead to post-primary transmissible tuberculosis. Mycobacterial mechanisms involved in slow growth or switching growth rate provide rational targets for the development of new drugs against persistent mycobacterial infection. Using chemostat culture to control growth rate, we screened a transposon mutant library by Transposon site hybridization (TraSH) selection to define the genetic requirements for slow and fast growth of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and for the requirements of switching growth rate. We identified 84 genes that are exclusively required for slow growth (69 hours doubling time) and 256 genes required for switching from slow to fast growth. To validate these findings we performed experiments using individual M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG knock out mutants. We have demonstrated that growth rate control is a carefully orchestrated process which requires a distinct set of genes encoding several virulence determinants, gene regulators, and metabolic enzymes. The mce1 locus appears to be a component of the switch to slow growth rate, which is consistent with the proposed role in virulence of M. tuberculosis. These results suggest novel perspectives for unravelling the mechanisms involved in the switch between acute and persistent TB infections and provide a means to study aspects of this important phenomenon in vitro

Long-living and highly efficient bio-hybrid light-emitting diodes with zero-thermal-quenching biophosphors

(...) P.B.C. acknowledges financial support of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain under the Beatriz Galindo Programme (MCIU-19- BEAGAL 18/0224). A.L.C. acknowledges the European Research Council ERC-CoG648071-ProNANO, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2016- 77367-R), the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency—Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE). The project leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 863170

Mechanisms of resistance in postharvest fruit-pathogen interaction

Abstract T he objective of this review was to bring together concepts related to studies aimed at elucidating defense mechanisms against disease-causing agents, mainly in postharvest. Like plants, fruits are exposed to attack by pathogens that cause rot during postharvest storage, resulting in considerable losses. To control these pathogens, synthetic chemicals are used; however, since they are toxic, genetic resistance is regarded as a viable alternative. Fruits can withstand pathogens by means of physical barriers (presence of thick cuticular or trichome layers) and chemical ones, or through induced defenses that are activated once the host detects the presence of the pathogen, triggering the oxidative burst during the early hours of interaction. This burst entails the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O 2ˉ) , hydroxyl radical (OHˉ) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and the activation of genes involved in several metabolic pathways. The study of such mechanisms may allow detecting disease-resistant genetic materials, thus reducing the use of toxic products. Resumen E l objetivo de esta revisión fue conjuntar conceptos relacionados con estudios dirigidos a elucidar los mecanismos de defensa contra agentes causantes de enfermedades, principalmente en poscosecha. Al igual que las plantas, los frutos se encuentran expuestos al ataque por patógenos que producen podredumbres durante su almacenamiento en poscosecha, causando considerables pérdidas. Para el control de dichos patógenos, se emplean productos químicos de síntesis que son tóxicos, y la resistencia genética se considera una alternativa viable. Los frutos pueden tolerar a los patógenos mediante barreras físicas (presencia de capas gruesas de cutícula o de tricomas) y químicas, o bien, a través de defensas inducidas que se activan una vez que el huésped detecta la presencia del patógeno, desencadenando la explosión oxidativa durante las primeras horas de la interacción. Esta explosión conlleva la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) como el superóxido (O 2ˉ) , el radical hidroxilo (OHˉ) o el peróxido de hidrógeno (H 2 O 2 ), y la activación de genes involucrados en diversas rutas metabólicas. El estudio de tales mecanismos puede permitir detectar materiales genéticos resistentes a enfermedades, reduciendo así el uso de productos tóxicos