Ex. 279-US-403

A 2006 annual report on the spawning migration movements of Klamath largescale, Lost River, and shortnose suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Da

Ex. 279-US-403

A 2006 annual report on the spawning migration movements of Klamath largescale, Lost River, and shortnose suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Da

Ex. 277-US-414

The 2006 annual report on the spawning migration movements of Klamath largescale, Lost River, and shortnose suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam

Ex. 277-US-415

The 2004 annual report on riverine movements of adult Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Orego

Ex. 277-US-414

The 2006 annual report on the spawning migration movements of Klamath largescale, Lost River, and shortnose suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam

Ex. 277-US-415

The 2004 annual report on riverine movements of adult Lost River, shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers in the Williamson and Sprague rivers, Orego

レキシテキ ニンゲンガク カラ ミタ ニホン ノ シンタイ ブンカ : ベルリン ジユウ ダイガク デノ コクサイ ワーク ショップ ニホン ノ シンタイ ブンカ カタ ト ソノ ブンカ オウダンテキ デンタツ ホウコク ロンブン 1

Am 22. September 2008 führten Hirota und Ishida die internationale Werkstatt "Japanische Kultur -durch 'KATA'(Form/Muster) erleben" in der Freien Universität Berlin durch. An diesem Tag gab es ungefähr 20 Teilnehmer: Professor Ch. Wulf und die 'Historische Anthropologie' Studenten/innen，die einige Übungen erfuhren. In unserer Werkstatt haben sie erst unter Leitung von Ishida die Schwertkunst，Stockkunst und Aikido erfahren. Dann hat Hirota ihnen einigen Bewegungsübung als japanische kulturelle Essenz angeboten. Dieser Artikel besteht aus einem Bericht dieser Werkstatt und dem Nachdenken von KATA，sonst (1) ist der Teil von Ishida

Increasing aridity will not offset CO2_{2} fertilization in fast-growing eucalypts with access to deep soil water

Rising atmospheric [CO$_{2}$] (C$_{a}$) generally enhances tree growth if nutrients are not limiting. However, reduced water availability and elevated evaporative demand may offset such fertilization. Trees with access to deep soil water may be able to mitigate such stresses and respond more positively to C$_{a}$. Here, we sought to evaluate how increased vapor pressure deficit and reduced precipitation are likely to modify the impact of elevated C$_{a}$ (eC$_{a}$) on tree productivity in an Australian Eucalyptus saligna Sm. plantation with access to deep soil water. We parameterized a forest growth simulation model (GOTILWA+) using data from two field experiments on E. saligna: a 2‐year whole‐tree chamber experiment with factorial C$_{a}$ (ambient =380, elevated =620 μmol mol$^{-1}$) and watering treatments, and a 10‐year stand‐scale irrigation experiment. Model evaluation showed that GOTILWA+ can capture the responses of canopy C uptake to (1) rising vapor pressure deficit (D) under both C$_{a}$ treatments; (2) alterations in tree water uptake from shallow and deep soil layers during soil dry‐down; and (3) the impact of irrigation on tree growth. Simulations suggest that increasing C$_{a}$ up to 700 μmol mol$^{-1}$ alone would result in a 33% increase in annual gross primary production (GPP) and a 62% increase in biomass over 10 years. However, a combined 48% increase in D and a 20% reduction in precipitation would halve these values. Our simulations identify high D conditions as a key limiting factor for GPP. They also suggest that rising Ca will compensate for increasing aridity limitations in E. saligna trees with access to deep soil water under non‐nutrient limiting conditions, thereby reducing the negative impacts of global warming upon this eucalypt species. Simulation models not accounting for water sources available to deep‐rooting trees are likely to overestimate aridity impacts on forest productivity and C stocks

Illuminating hydrological processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface with water stable isotopes

Funded by DFG research project “From Catchments as Organised Systems to Models based on Functional Units” (FOR 1Peer reviewedPublisher PDFPublisher PD

Konvensyen Myprospec tumpu revolusi industri 4.0

Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 (C a) can reduce stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in trees, but the magnitude of this effect varies considerably among experiments. The theory of optimal stomatal behaviour predicts that the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration (instantaneous transpiration efficiency, ITE) should increase in proportion to C a. We hypothesized that plants regulate stomatal conductance optimally in response to rising C a. We tested this hypothesis with data from young Eucalyptus saligna Sm. trees grown in 12 climate-controlled whole-tree chambers for 2 years at ambient and elevated C a. Elevated C a was ambient + 240 ppm, 60% higher than ambient C a. Leaf-scale gas exchange was measured throughout the second year of the study and leaf-scale ITE increased by 60% under elevated C a, as predicted. Values of leaf-scale ITE depended strongly on vapour pressure deficit (D) in both CO 2 treatments. Whole-canopy CO 2 and H 2O fluxes were also monitored continuously for each chamber throughout the second year. There were small differences in D between C a treatments, which had important effects on values of canopy-scale ITE. However, when C a treatments were compared at the same D, canopy-scale ITE was consistently increased by 60%, again as predicted. Importantly, leaf and canopy-scale ITE were not significantly different, indicating that ITE was not scale-dependent. Observed changes in transpiration rate could be explained on the basis that ITE increased in proportion to C a. The effect of elevated C a on photosynthesis increased with rising D. At high D, C a had a large effect on photosynthesis and a small effect on transpiration rate. At low D, in contrast, there was a small effect of C a on photosynthesis, but a much larger effect on transpiration rate. If shown to be a general response, the proportionality of ITE with C a will allow us to predict the effects of C a on transpiration rate