Intervención psicológica en enfermos de cáncer : planteamientos del presente, deseos de futuro

En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis de los principales planteamientos acerca de la Filosofía y Tareas que debe cumplir la intervención psicológica en enfermos de cáncer. Posteriormente se intenta comprobar en que medida dichos principios se tienen en cuenta en los trabajos de investigación. Para ello se analizan las últimas publicaciones recogidas en los principales repertorios bibliográficos. La principal conclusión es que, en este campo, como en otros muchos de la psicología, la investigación tiene unas reglas propias alejadas de los fines para los que fue propuesta.______________________________In the present work is made an analysis of the main positions about the Philosophy and Tasks that it should complete the psychological intervention in patients of cancer. Later on he/ she tries to be proven in that measured this principles are had in bill in the investigation works. The last publications picked up in the main bibliographical repertoires give as conclusion that, in this field, like in other many of the psychology, the investigation has its own rules that remain far from the ends for those that it was proposed

Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de afrontamiento al estrés para pacientes oncológicos (CAEPO)

Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) analizar la estructura factorial de la escala CAEPO mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio; 2) estimar la consistencia interna de los factores; 3) describir la distribución de los factores; 4) analizar las diferencias de medias de las estrategias de afrontamiento entre hombres y mujeres. El Cuestionario de Afrontamiento al Estrés para Pacientes Oncológicos (CAEPO) de González (2004) fue aplicado a 148 pacientes oncológicos. Se sugiere reducir la escala a 35 ítems. Se encontró una estructura de cuatro factores correlacionados con consistencias internas de adecuadas a altas. La distribución de los factores se ajustó a una curva normal y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombre y mujeres. En futuras investigaciones, se sugiere su empleo en muestras clínicas de España y otros países hispanoparlantes

Validation of a phase space determination algorithm for intraoperative radiation therapy

Monte-Carlo (MC) methods are a valuable tool for dosimetry in radiotherapy, including Intra-Operative Electron Radiotherapy (IOERT), since effects such as inhomogeneities or beam hardening may be realistically reproduced

The polygenic basis of relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia

Little is known about genetic predisposition to relapse. Previous studies have linked cognitive and psychopathological (mainly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) polygenic risk scores (PRS) with clinical manifestations of the disease. This study aims to explore the potential role of PRS from major mental disorders and cognition on schizophrenia relapse. 114 patients recruited in the 2EPs Project were included (56 patients who had not experienced relapse after 3 years of enrollment and 58 patients who relapsed during the 3-year follow-up). PRS for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ), bipolar disorder (PRS-BD), education attainment (PRS-EA) and cognitive performance (PRS-CP) were used to assess the genetic risk of schizophrenia relapse.Patients with higher PRS-EA, showed both a lower risk (OR=0.29, 95% CI [0.11–0.73]) and a later onset of relapse (30.96± 1.74 vs. 23.12± 1.14 months, p=0.007. Our study provides evidence that the genetic burden of neurocognitive function is a potentially predictors of relapse that could be incorporated into future risk prediction models. Moreover, appropriate treatments for cognitive symptoms appear to be important for improving the long-term clinical outcome of relapse

Diagnóstico Territorial del Litoral de Cantabria. Volumen I: Informe.

Estudios de base para la redacción del Plan de Ordenación del Litoral (POL) de Cantabria.Este proyecto de investigación aplicada se ha realizado gracias al Convenio de Colaboración entre el Gobierno de Cantabria y la Universidad de Cantabria titulado “Diagnóstico Territorial del Litoral de Cantabria”

Análisis Socio-Urbanístico de Cantabria. Volumen II: Análisis del Planeamiento.

Estudios de base para la redacción de las Normas Urbanísticas Regionales (NUR) de Cantabria.Este proyecto de investigación aplicada se ha realizado gracias al Convenio de Colaboración entre el Gobierno de Cantabria y la Universidad de Cantabria titulado “Análisis Socio-Urbanístico de Cantabria”

Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: The risk for major depression and obesity is increased in adolescents and adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent ADHD predicts adult depression and obesity. Non-pharmacological interventions to treat and prevent these co-morbidities are urgently needed. Bright light therapy (BLT) improves day– night rhythm and is an emerging therapy for major depression. Exercise intervention (EI) reduces obesity and improves depressive symptoms. To date, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been performed to establish feasibility and efficacy of these interventions targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in ADHD. We hypothesize that the two manualized interventions in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement will result in less depressive symptoms and obesity compared to treatment as usual in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Methods: This trial is a prospective, pilot phase-IIa, parallel-group RCT with three arms (two add-on treatment groups [BLT, EI] and one treatment as usual [TAU] control group). The primary outcome variable is change in the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology total score (observer-blinded assessment) between baseline and ten weeks of intervention. This variable is analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures approach investigating the treatment effect with respect to all three groups. A total of 330 participants with ADHD, aged 14 – < 30 years, will be screened at the four study centers. To establish effect sizes, the sample size was planned at the liberal significance level of α = 0.10 (two-sided) and the power of 1-β = 80% in order to find medium effects. Secondary outcomes measures including change in obesity, ADHD symptoms, general psychopathology, health-related quality of life, neurocognitive function, chronotype, and physical fitness are explored after the end of the intervention and at the 12-week follow-up. This is the first pilot RCT on the use of BLT and EI in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. If at least medium effects can be established with regard to the prevention of depressive symptoms and obesity, a larger scale confirmatory phase-III trial may be warranted.The trial is funded by the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020 (Project no. 667302). Funding period: January 2016–December 2020. This funding source had no role in the design of this study and will not have any role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results. Some local funds additionally contributed to carry out this study, especially for the preparation of the interventions: FBO research activity is by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness – MINECO (RYC-2011-09011) and by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic

Por qué Eysenck no habló de psicología de la salud

En el presente estudio se intenta demostrar como el trabajo de Eysenck ha estado presidido por el tema de la salud desde sus comienzos. En un principio la denominada, en aquella época, salud mental le servía de criterio para el establecimiento de su modelo trifactorial de la personalidad. Posteriormente, aplicó este modelo al campo de la psicooncología, intentando establecer relaciones entre Personalidad y Cáncer. Estas dos perspectivas eysenckianas ejemplifican la existencia de los dos paradigmas dominantes existentes actualmente sobre el concepto de Salud