Balloon Measurements of Cosmic Ray Muon Spectra in the Atmosphere along with those of Primary Protons and Helium Nuclei over Mid-Latitude

We report here the measurements of the energy spectra of atmospheric muons and of the cosmic ray primary proton and helium nuclei in a single experiment. These were carried out using the MASS superconducting spectrometer in a balloon flight experiment in 1991. The relevance of these results to the atmospheric neutrino anomaly is emphasized. In particular, this approach allows uncertainties caused by the level of solar modulation, the geomagnetic cut-off of the primaries and possible experimental systematics to be decoupled in the comparison of calculated fluxes of muons to measured muon fluxes. The muon observations cover the momentum and depth ranges of 0.3-40 GeV/c and 5-886 g/cmsquared, respectively. The proton and helium primary measurements cover the rigidity range from 3 to 100 GV, in which both the solar modulation and the geomagnetic cut-off affect the energy spectra at low energies.Comment: 31 pages, including 17 figures, simplified apparatus figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Successive Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Spectrum in a Positive Phase of the Solar Cycle

The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons has been measured by BESS successively in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1998. In total, 848 antiprotons were clearly identified in energy range 0.18 to 4.20 GeV. From these successive measurements of the antiproton spectrum at various solar activity, we discuss about the effect of the solar modulation and the origin of cosmic-ray antiprotons. Measured antiproton ratios were nearly identical during this period, and were consistent with a prediction taking the charge dependent solar modulation into account.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Method of discrete sources for elliptic problems arising in supercollider simulation

An electrodynamical system of energy accumulation (accelerating section of a supercollider) is synthesized. Some model elliptic problems (boundary, inverse spectral, scattering) concerning synthesis of the optimal structure are considered. Numerical algorithms basing on the method of discrete sources and singular value decomposition technique are developed. Numerical examples are presented

The Dolmen Kolikho, Western Caucasus: Isotopic Investigation of Funeral Practice and Human Mobility

We investigated the dolmen known as Kolikho (Black Sea coast, Russia), discovered accidentally in 2008. It is a unique, undisturbed megalithic structure. The burial chamber contains disarticulated human remains from about 70 individuals. Radiocarbon dating shows that the dolmen was in use between roughly the 19th to 13th centuries BC. Strontium isotopes are used to investigate the origin and last residence location of the people buried in the structure.

BDRG and shok instruments for study of GRB prompt emission in michaylo lomonosov space mission

The study of GRB prompt emission (PE) is one of the main goals of the Lomonosov space mission, which is being prepared at Moscow State University. The GRB monitor (BDRG) and the wide-field optical cameras (SHOK) are intended for detection of GRB prompt emission as well as optical counterparts. The BDRG instrument consists of three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl) (13.0 × 2.0cm ) phoswich detectors, whose axes determine the Cartesian coordinate system. This allows to localize any GRB source on the sky by means of the count rate seen by each detector with an accuracy of ~2 deg. The SHOK instrument consists of two identical wide-field cameras (WFC) directed in such a way that the field of view (FOV) of each WFC overlaps by the corresponding BDRG FOV, which produces a trigger on the WFC in case of a GRB detection. With this setup, the GRB prompt light curve will be obtained in the visible without any delay with respect to gamma-rays, which is crucial for a GRB central engine understanding

Space experiments on-board of lomonosov mission to study gamma-ray bursts and UHECRS

The number of experiments on-board Lomonosov spacecraft are preparing now at SINP MSU in co-operation with other organisations. The main idea of Lomonosov mission is to study extreme astrophysical phenomena, such as cosmic gamma-ray bursts and ultra-high energy cosmic rays. These phenomena connect with processes occurred in very distant astrophysical objects of the Early Universe and give us information about first stages of Universe evolution. Thus, the Lomonosov mission scientific equipment includes several instruments for gamma-ray burst observation in optics, ultra-violet, X-rays and gamma-rays and the wide aperture telescope for ultra-high energy particle study by detection of ionisation light along its tracks in the atmosphere. The main parameters and a brief description of these instruments are presented