Theory and Practice of Reactivation in the Standard Oral Lesson

In this Master\u27s Project I would like to propose a technique that will enable school learners of English as a Foreign Language to become more conversant with some structures which are seldom used in the students\u27 active repertoire. By the time they reach Seconde (10th Grade) learners have been introduced to most intermediate and a good number of advanced structures of the English language. However, some of these structures are used by the students only passively, that is they are recognized only in reading or when they are heard. To reinforce the structures which they recognize as they read or as they are being spoken to, Krashen would recommend that the teacher continue exposing students to natural language for acquisition to occur. Personal experience, however, has shown that while some pupils can spontaneously become expert users of various grammar structures by simply being exposed to language, others need more scaffolding provided by the teacher for a longer period of time. In this paper, I will begin by analyzing five language approaches and methods. These are the Grammar-Translation Method, the Direct Method, the Audio-Lingual Method, Total Physical Response and the Natural Approach. To make a thorough analysis of each of these methods and approaches, I will make use of Richards and Rodgers (1986) model of investigation. We will then see how each of these approaches has influenced the Standard Oral Lessor, the most commonly used method in the Cote d\u27Ivoire. I feel a need to analyze the Standard Oral Lesson not so much because of the status it has been given in the Ivorian English language classes, but also because it is one lesson type that provides an opportunity for reactivation. At a later stage, I will try to perceive some limits of the reactivation technique. Subsequently, to this step I will attempt to provide some solutions to those limits

A Filmless Radiology Department in a Full Digital Regional Hospital: Quantitative Evaluation of the Increased Quality and Efficiency

Reggio Emilia hospital installed Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS) as the final step towards a completely digital clinical environment completing the HIS/EMR and 1,400 web/terminals for patient information access. Financial benefits throughout the hospital were assessed upfront and measured periodically. Key indicators (radiology exam turnaround time, number of radiology procedures performed, inpatients length of stay before and after the PACS implementation, etc.) were analyzed and values were statistically tested to assess workflow and productivity improvements. The hospital went “filmless” in 28 weeks. Between the half of 2004 and the respective period in 2003, overall Radiology Department productivity increased by 12%, TAT improved by more than 60%. Timelier patient care resulted in decreased lengths of stay. Neurology alone experienced a 12% improvement in average patient stay. To quantify the impact of PACS on the average hospital stays and the expected productivity benefits to inpatient productivity were used a “high level” and a “detailed” business model. Annual financial upsides have exceeded $1.9 millions/year. A well-planned PACS deployment simplifies imaging workflow and improves patient care throughout the hospital while delivering substantial financial benefits. Staff buy-in was the key in this process and on-going training and process monitoring are a must

Integrative neurobiology of metabolic diseases, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease with a number of leading mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid β peptide, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, relocalization and deposition. These mechanisms are propagated by obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Stress, sedentariness, dietary overconsumption of saturated fat and refined sugars, and circadian derangements/disturbed sleep contribute to obesity and related metabolic diseases, but also accelerate age-related damage and senescence that all feed the risk of developing AD too. The complex and interacting mechanisms are not yet completely understood and will require further analysis. Instead of investigating AD as a mono- or oligocausal disease we should address the disease by understanding the multiple underlying mechanisms and how these interact. Future research therefore might concentrate on integrating these by systems biology approaches, but also to regard them from an evolutionary medicine point of view. The current review addresses several of these interacting mechanisms in animal models and compares them with clinical data giving an overview about our current knowledge and puts them into an integrated framework

Developpement ontogenetique de l'apprentissage d'evitement passif chez le rat : implication des systemes cholinergiques amygdaliens

SIGLECNRS T 59942 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Musical settings of Apollinaire's "Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée (1911) by Francis Poulenc, Louis Durey and anothers composers : Analysis and stylistic study

Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d’Orphée (1911) d’Apollinaire attire toujours les mélodistes de notre temps. S’inscrivant dans une tradition ancestrale, les mises en musique des petits poèmes d’animaux guidés par Orphée constituent en effet un inestimable « jardin zoologique » pour les musiciens. Apollinaire imaginait-il une exploration de ce type ? Ces créations musicales à partir du Bestiaire sont-elles, à titre posthume, un hommage au poète ? Des plus célèbres, celles de Poulenc et Durey (1919), à celle de Régis Campo (2008) en passant par les recueils de Claude Ballif et Robert Caby (1945), chacune des versions donne lieu à un réinvestissement spécifique des poèmes. Dans cette étude diachronique allant de 1919 à 2008, les compositions concernées sont analysées dans leur contexte puis examinées à travers la pluralité des langages musicaux qu’elles mettent en oeuvre. Outre Poulenc et Durey, voici, par ordre chronologique, les auteurs abordés : Yves Nat (Dans vos viviers, dans vos étangs, 1943) ; Claude Ballif (Le Cortège d’Orphée, op. 1b, 1945-1948) ; Robert Caby (Cycle inédit de sept mélodies, 1945-1948) ; Robert Cornman (Le Bestiaire Alpha, 1961-1963, Le Bestiaire Bêta, 1972) ; Jean Absil (Bestiaire op. 58, 1964) ; Lionel Daunais (Bestiaire, 1978) ; plus près de nous : May Breguet (Bestiaire, 1982) ; Alain Corbellari (Bestiaire bis, 1991) ; Rachel Laurin (Bestiaire op. 22, 1992) ; enfin, John Carbon (Bestiaire, 2002) et Régis Campo (Bestiaire, 2008)The poem collection Le Bestiaire or Cortège d’Orphée (1911) by Apollinaire still attracts vocal composers of our time. Drawing on ancestral traditions, the setting to music of short poems about animals guided by Orpheus constitutes an inestimable “zoo” for musicians. Did Apollinaire imagine an exploration of this type? Are these musical creations, from Le Bestiaire onward, posthumously, homages to Apollinaire? From the most famous of animal cycles by Poulenc and Durey (1919), to that of Régis Campo (2008), as well as the collections of Claude Ballif and Robert Caby (1945) , each version gives rise to a specific reingagement with the poems. In this diachronic study from 1919 to 2008, the compositions in question are analyzed in their context and examined through the plurality of musical languages that they employ. In addition to Poulenc and Durey, here, in chronological order, are the other composers discussed: Yves Nat (Dans vos viviers, dans vos étangs, 1943); Claude Ballif (Le Cortège d’Orphée, op. 1b, 1945-1948); Robert Caby (Cycle of seven songs, 1945-1948); Robert Cornman (Le Bestiaire Alpha, 1961-1963, Le Bestiaire Bêta, 1972); Jean Absil (Bestiaire, op. 58, 1964); Lionel Daunais (Le Bestiaire, 1978); more recent, May Breguet (Bestiaire, 1982); Alain Corbellari (Bestiaire bis, 1991); Rachel Laurin (Bestiaire, op. 22, 1992); and, finally, John Carbon (Bestiaire, 2002) and Régis Campo (Le Bestiaire, 2008

Bir dîn felsefesi mümkün müdür?

Din felsefesi ve bilim felsefesi deyimleri, ilki Hegel, ikincisi Comte ve o Ampere tarafından aşağı yukarı aynı tarihlerde ortaya atıldı. Fakat her ikisi de aynı derecede yaygınlaşmadı. Bilim felsefesi deyimi, haklı olarak daha çabuk kabûl gördü. Çünkü onun taşıdığı anlam daha belirgindir. Ufuk ve vokabüler belirsizliklerine rağmen bilim felsefesi, filozoflar arasında yaşama hakkını elde etti ve günümüzde, bazı mantık kitaplarının, büyük bölümünü işgal edeek derecede önem kazandı. Din felsefesi deyimi, bir ölçüde başarılı olduktan sonra şansızlığa uğradı. Bugün ona, ancak sınırlı bir kredi tanınmaktadır. Bu deyim, müphemlik arzetmekte ve üzerine tereddüdün gölgesi düşmektedir. Hegel’in ona verdiği anlam tümüyle beğenilmedi. Çünkü bu anlam, bir sistemin ayrılmaz parçasıydı. Din fel­ sefesinin, ruhun gelişmesinde oynadığı rol ve kazandığı ifadeye göre dinî feno­ men üzerine bir düşünmeyi belirtebilmesi için, bu gelişmenin kanununu tanıya­ bileceğimiz hayaline kapılmak ve Hegel olmak gerekecektir. Hegel bir din felsefesinden çok bir din "tarihi felsefesi" yaptı. Fakat formüllerin yer değiştirmesi konuyu daha çok aydınlatmaz; güçlüğü çözemez, arttırır

Systeme beta sous-tendant l'attention : localisation anatomique du foyer beta parietal et recherche histochimique des relais sous-corticaux chez le Chat

SIGLECNRS T 56950 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc