Zooplâncton da Baía da Babitonga e plataforma continental adjacente: diagnóstico e revisão bibliográfica

O zooplâncton é um importante elo nas teias tróficas aquáticas, além de representar uma parcela considerável da biodiversidade. No presente estudo, revisamos o conhecimento sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica no estuário da Babitonga e áreas costeiras adjacentes visando fornecer subsídios para elaboração de planos de conservação e manejo locais. O estudo do zooplâncton na região é recente, desde 2002, com maior esforço amostral no canal principal do estuário. Um total de 261 espécies foram registrados até o momento, sendo 159 invertebrados e 102 larvas de peixes, incluindo sete espécies exóticas. A região ainda carece de estudos, principalmente nas áreas mais internas do estuário, bem como para diversos grupos taxonômicos (e.g. moluscos, quetognatos, apendiculárias) e aspectos como interações tróficas e simbióticas, reprodução, produção secundária, dinâmica populacional, padrões de flutuação em curto e longo-prazo, e a influência de eventos climáticos e mudanças climáticas na composição, distribuição e abundância das espécies

O papel de praias estuarinas como habitats para peixes em um ambiente subtropical brasileiro

Little information exists about the dynamics of the use of estuarine beaches by fishes. The present study describes the spatial and temporal changes in the fish assemblage of the estuarine beaches of Babitonga Bay, Santa Catarina State (Brazil). A total of 13 collections were conducted at seven estuarine beaches of Babitonga Bay from August 2005 to August 2006. At each sampling site, beach seine tows parallel to the coast were made, each with a different seine net. A total of 45,874 individuals (76 taxa) (>99% juveniles) was caught in 273 samplings. Paralichthyidae and Sciaenidae had the largest number of species, followed by Carangidae, Gobiidae, Gerreidae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae and Tetraodontidae. The following taxa were the most abundant: Lycengraulis grossidens, Mugil sp., Atherinella brasiliensis, Eucinostomus sp., Harengula clupeola, Sphoeroides greeleyi, Eucinostomus argenteus and Sphoeroides testudineus, comprising 93.34% of the total catch. There were significant differences among months regarding the mean number of individuals, number of species, diversity and evenness. Considering that the conservation of the studied beaches is under constant threat, the data surveyed in this work show the necessity of conservation and management plans for these environments, important as nurseries for fishes.Key words: juvenile fish, shallow waters, diversity, nursery, Babitonga Bay.Existem poucas informações sobre a dinâmica do uso de praias estuarinas por peixes. Este trabalho descreveu as mudanças temporais e espaciais na assembléia de peixes de praias estuarinas na baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. De agosto de 2005 a agosto de 2006, foram realizadas treze coletas em sete praias estuarinas do setor polihalino da baía da Babitonga. Na margem de cada ponto amostral, foram realizados três arrastos paralelos à linha de costa com redes tipo picaré. Nas 273 amostras obtidas foram capturados 45.874 indivíduos (76 táxons), predominantemente juvenis (>99%). Maior número de espécies foi observado em Paralichthyidae e Sciaenidae, seguidas por Carangidae, Gobiidae, Gerreidae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae e Tetraodontidae. Os seguintes táxons foram os mais abundantes na área: Lycengraulis grossidens, Mugil sp., Atherinella brasiliensis, Eucinostomus sp., Harengula clupeola, Sphoeroides greeleyi, Eucinostomus argenteus e Sphoeroides testudineus, os quais constituíram 93,34% da captura total. Diferenças significativas mensais ocorreram entre o número médio de indivíduos, número de espécies, diversidade e equitabilidade. Considerando que a conservação das praias estudadas está sob constante ameaça, os dados coletados nesse trabalho mostram a necessidade de elaboração de planos de conservação e manejo dessas importantes áreas de criação para peixes.Palavras-chave: peixes juvenis, águas rasas, diversidade, criadouro, baía da Babitonga

Estimating the potential blue carbon gains from tidal marsh rehabilitation: A case study from south eastern Australia

© Copyright © 2020 Gulliver, Carnell, Trevathan-Tackett, Duarte de Paula Costa, Masqué and Macreadie. Historically, coastal “blue carbon” ecosystems (tidal marshes, mangrove forests, seagrass meadows) have been impacted and degraded by human intervention, mainly in the form of land acquisition. With increasing recognition of the role of blue carbon ecosystems in climate mitigation, protecting and rehabilitating these ecosystems becomes increasingly more important. This study evaluated the potential carbon gains from rehabilitating a degraded coastal tidal marsh site in south-eastern Australia. Tidal exchange at the study site had been restricted by the construction of earthen barriers for the purpose of reclaiming land for commercial salt production. Analysis of sediment cores (elemental carbon and 210Pb dating) revealed that the site had stopped accumulating carbon since it had been converted to salt ponds 65 years earlier. In contrast, nearby recovered (“control”) tidal marsh areas are still accumulating carbon at relatively high rates (0.54 tons C ha–1year–1). Using elevation and sea level rise (SLR) data, we estimated the potential future distribution of tidal marsh vegetation if the earthen barrier were removed and tidal exchange was restored to the degraded site. We estimated that the sediment-based carbon gains over the next 50 years after restoring this small site (360 ha) would be 9,000 tons C, which could offset the annual emissions of ∼7,000 passenger cars at present time (at 4.6 metric tons pa.) or ∼1,400 Australians. Overall, we recommend that this site is a promising prospect for rehabilitation based on the opportunity for blue carbon additionality, and that the business case for rehabilitation could be bolstered through valuation of other co-benefits, such as nitrogen removal, support to fisheries, sediment stabilization, and enhanced biodiversity

Variação espaço-temporal do ictioplâncton em praias estuarinas da Baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil

No Brasil, as praias estuarinas são muito pouco estudadas em relação ao ictioplâncton. Nesse contexto, de agosto de 2005 a julho de 2006, foram realizadas coletas mensais, com uma rede de plâncton cônica, com 200 micrômetros de abertura de malha e 40cm de diâmetro da boca, em sete praias estuarinas no setor polihalino da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina. Em cada praia foram obtidos dados relativos a temperatura, salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, clorofila a, e biovolume zooplanctônico. No total foram coletados 54.384 ovos de peixes e 10.576 larvas de peixes, com abundância média geral de 3.114 ovos.100m-3 e 607 larvas.100m-3. Maior abundância de ovos ocorreu de outubro a março e maior abundância de larvas ocorreu de outubro a dezembro e entre fevereiro e abril. Entre as praias, nas intermediárias foi registrada maior abundância de ovos e nas mais externas (mais próximas da barra) foi registrada maior abundância de larvas. Ocorreu o predomínio de larvas das famílias Haemulidae, Engraulidae, Gobiidae, Sciaenidae, Blenniidae, Carangidae e Sparidae, a maioria presentes no período mais quente do ano. A análise das variáveis da coluna d’água, clorofila a, biovolume zooplanctônico e ictioplâncton revelou baixas correlações nos hábitats rasos estudados

Microdesmus longipinnis (Gobioidei, Microdesmidae): ocorrência, abundância e amostragem em um estuário subtropical

This work describes the first occurrence and abundance of larvae of M. longipinnis (Weymouth, 1910) in the Babitonga Bay estuary, southern Brazil. During an annual cycle (2007-2008), 144 plankton samples with cylindrical-conical net with 50cm in diameter (500?m mesh) and 72 samples with conical plankton net with 40cm in diameter (200?m mesh) were collected at nine stations. In addition, samplings were done with bottom trawl net (12mm mesh) at each station, aiming to collect juveniles and/or adults of M. longipinnis. Larvae occurred from February to May over a broad range area in Babitonga Bay. A total of 7 larvae was collected, with average abundance of 5.4 larvae.100m-³. In sampling with bottom trawl, juveniles and adults were not recorded. Although recorded only in the ichthyoplankton, the results indicate, for the first time, the occurrence of M. longipinnis on the subtropical coast of Brazil, thus enabling a discussion on the ecology and sampling of these fishes with cryptic habits.Key words: Ichthyoplankton, Babitonga Bay, Southwestern Atlantic.Este trabalho descreve a primeira ocorrência e a abundância de larvas de M. longipinnis (Weymouth, 1910) na baía da Babitonga, sul do Brasil. Adicionalmente, a ausência de indivíduos juvenis e adultos na amostragem com arrastos de fundo é discutida. Durante um ciclo anual (2007-2008) foram coletadas, em nove estações, 144 amostras com rede de plâncton cilíndrico-cônica de 50cm de diâmetro (malha 500?m) e 72 amostras com rede de plâncton cônica de 40cm de diâmetro (malha 200?m). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas amostragens com rede de arrasto de fundo com portas (malha 12mm) visando a coletar jovens e/ou adultos de M. longipinnis. Larvas ocorreram de fevereiro a maio ao longo de extensa faixa espacial na baía da Babitonga. No total, foram coletadas sete larvas, com abundância média de 5,4 larvas.100m-³. Nas amostragens com arrasto de fundo, jovens e adultos não foram registrados. Embora registrada somente no ictioplâncton, os resultados indicam, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de M. longipinnis na costa subtropical do Brasil, permitindo uma discussão sobre a ecologia e a amostragem desses peixes de hábitos crípticos.Palavras-chave: Ictioplâncton, Baía da Babitonga, Atlântico Sudoeste

Diagnóstico da Ictiofauna do Ecossistema Babitonga

O estuário da Baía Babitonga desempenha um papel importante para a ictiofauna da região, sendo evidenciado pela elevada abundância de indivíduos juvenis registrados na área de estudo. No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a ictiofauna estuarina e marinha presente no Ecossistema Babitonga (Baía Babitonga e áreas marinhas adjacentes). Foram analisados 62 estudos de ictiofauna realizados no Ecossistema Babitonga, os quais abrangeram diferentes setores e ambientes: praias estuarinas e arenosas, ambientes rasos, entremarés e de baixa energia; ambientes recifais (costões rochosos e parcéis); canal principal do estuário e plataforma continental externa e interna. No total, foram identificadas 287 espécies e 86 famílias, cuja presença no ambiente foi caracterizada em termos da heterogeneidade e diversidade espacial e temporal, estrutura trófica, produtividade, e as pressões antrópicas no nível das populações, comunidades e/ou metapopulação. 28 espécies merecem atenção especial para a gestão em função do nível de ameaça ou da importância socioeconômica. As informações levantadas a partir desta revisão permitiram também a identificação das lacunas de conhecimento e as ações prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade de peixes no Ecossistema Babitonga

Remote sensing for cost-effective blue carbon accounting

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCE) include mangrove forests, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows, all of which are currently under threat, putting their contribution to mitigating climate change at risk. Although certain challenges and trade-offs exist, remote sensing offers a promising avenue for transparent, replicable, and cost-effective accounting of many BCE at unprecedented temporal and spatial scales. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has issued guidelines for developing blue carbon inventories to incorporate into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Yet, there is little guidance on remote sensing techniques for monitoring, reporting, and verifying blue carbon assets. This review constructs a unified roadmap for applying remote sensing technologies to develop cost-effective carbon inventories for BCE – from local to global scales. We summarise and discuss (1) current standard guidelines for blue carbon inventories; (2) traditional and cutting-edge remote sensing technologies for mapping blue carbon habitats; (3) methods for translating habitat maps into carbon estimates; and (4) a decision tree to assist users in determining the most suitable approach depending on their areas of interest, budget, and required accuracy of blue carbon assessment. We designed this work to support UNFCCC-approved IPCC guidelines with specific recommendations on remote sensing techniques for GHG inventories. Overall, remote sensing technologies are robust and cost-effective tools for monitoring, reporting, and verifying blue carbon assets and projects. Increased appreciation of these techniques can promote a technological shift towards greater policy and industry uptake, enhancing the scalability of blue carbon as a Natural Climate Solution worldwide

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio