Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Status Following a Handball Game in Elite Male Players

Background. Handball is considered an intermittent sport that places an important stress on a player's aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. However, the oxidative stress responses following a handball game remain unknown. We investigated the responses of plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers following a single handball game. Methods. Fourteen male elite Brazilian handball athletes were recruited in the present study. Blood samples were taken before, immediately, and 24 hours after the game. Results. After the game and during 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of all oxidative stress indices changed significantly in a way indicating increased oxidative stress in the blood (thiol groups and reduced glutathione decreased, whereas TBARS and plasma antioxidant capacity was increased) as well as in erythrocyte (increased levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also significantly changed by handball. Muscle damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) increased significantly after exercise. In addition, IL-6 increased after the game, whereas TNF-α decreased during recovery. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that a single handball game in elite athletes induces a marked state of oxidative stress evidenced by the oxidative modification in plasma and erythrocyte macromolecules, as well as by changes in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system

Combined astaxanthin and fish oil supplementation improves glutathione-based redox balance in rat plasma and neutrophils

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of daily (45 days) intake of fish oil (FO; 10 mg EPA/kg body weight (BW) and 7 mg DHA/kg BW) and/or natural ASTA (1 mg ASTA/kg BW) on oxidative stress and functional indexes of neutrophils isolated from Wistar rats by monitoring superoxide (O-2(center dot-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO center dot) production compared to the progression of auto-induced lipid peroxidation and Ca2+ release in activated neutrophils. Furthermore, phagocytic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione-recycling system, and biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation in neutrophils were compared to the redox status. Our results show evidence of the beneficial effects of FO + ASTA supplementation for immune competence based on the redox balance in plasma (significant increase in GSH-dependent reducing power), non-activated neutrophils (increased activity of the glutathione-recycling enzymes GPx and GR) and PMA-activated neutrophils (lower O-2(center dot-), H2O2, and NO center dot generation, reduced membrane oxidation, but higher phagocytic activity). Combined application of ASTA and FO promoted hypolipidemic/hypocholesterolemic effects in plasma and resulted in increased phagocytic activity of activated neutrophils when compared with ASTA or FO applied alone. in PMA-activated neutrophils, ASTA was superior to FO in exerting antioxidant effects. the bulk of data reinforces the hypothesis that habitual consumption of marine fish (e.g. salmon, which is a natural source of both astaxanthin and fish oil) is beneficial to human health, in particular by improving immune response and lowering the risk of vascular and infectious diseases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Cruzeiro do SulUniv Cruzeiro Sul, CBS, Postgrad Program, BR-03342000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Phys Act & Sport Sci ICAFE, Postgrad Program, BR-01506000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/12342-8CNPq: 312404/2009-3CNPq: 312190/2009-3Web of Scienc

EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DA PERIODIZAÇÃO ESPORTIVA

A periodização é o plano e estrutura do treinamento, em que se objetiva o máximo desempenho por meio da potencialização dos aspectos funcionais e biomotores, com o devido controle da fadiga e da adaptação. A evolução da periodização do treinamento foi ocorrendo de acordo com o conhecimento cientifico disponível coexistente. O objetivo foi apresentar o estado da arte dos modelos teóricos de periodização, concebendo os surgimentos históricos, as propostas e detalhes dos modelos de periodização na literatura. Ao longo deste século, especialmente a partir da década de 1950, as contribuições significativas das propostas tradicionais de periodização, associadas aos avanços do conhecimento de fisiologia do exercício, possibilitaram o surgimento de novos modelos teóricos que procuram atender as demandas do calendário esportivo atual. Conclui-se que o problema central e ponto fundamental de toda a investigação dos sistemas de preparação desportiva é a relação entre o rendimento esportivo e as cargas de treinamento

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Testosterone suppresses oxidative stress in human neutrophils

The in vitro effect of testosterone on human neutrophil function was investigated. Blood neutrophils from healthy male subjects were isolated and treated with 10 nM, 0.1 and 10 mu M testosterone for 24 h. As compared with untreated cells, the testosterone treatment produced a significant decrease of superoxide production as indicated by the measurement of extra- and intracellular superoxide content. An increment in the production of nitric oxide was observed at 0.1 and 10 mu M testosterone concentrations, whereas no effect was found for 10 nM. Intracellular calcium mobilization was significantly increased at 10 nM, whereas it was reduced at 10 mu M testosterone. There was an increase in phagocytic capacity at 10 nM and a decrease of microbicidal activity in neutrophils treated with testosterone at 10 mu M. Glutathione reductase activity was increased by testosterone treatment, whereas no effect was observed in other antioxidant enzyme activities. An increase in the content of thiol groups was observed at all testosterone concentrations. Lipid peroxidation in neutrophils evaluated by levels of TBARS was decreased at 10 nM and 0.1 mu M testosterone. These results indicate the antioxidant properties of testosterone in neutrophils as suggested by reduction of superoxide anion production, and lipid peroxidation, and by the increase in nitric oxide production, glutathione reductase activity and the content of thiol groups. Therefore, the plasma levels of testosterone are important regulators of neutrophil function and so of the inflammatory response. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo)[07/03334-6]Cruzeiro do Sul UniversityCruzeiro do Sul UniversityUniversidade Cruzeiro do SulUniversidade Cruzeiro do Su

Fish Oil and Astaxanthin Modulates Lymphocyte Function in vivo

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MEANS AND METHODS OF PRACTICAL INFLUENCE ON TAEKWON-DO TRAINING

<div><p>ABSTRACT The investigation of means and methods of practical influence can assist in training and allow for improved sport performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review in the literature methods and means with practical influence on Taekwon-Do specifically. A systematic review was conducted with English/Portuguese descriptors, namely martial arts/artes marciais, exercise/exercícios, physical fitness/aptidão física and athletic performance/desempenho esportivo, on Portal Capes, Sport Discus, Lilacs, Medline and PubMed databases. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were selected. In the studies analyzed, 21 types of training means and 19 types of training methodologies were identified. Among the results, there is an evident use of special means, mainly exercises with kicks and the interval method, with high intensity, to prepare athletes to the physiological demands of combat and to develop their aerobic and anaerobic systems.</p></div