359 research outputs found
The Hanging/hanged Patient and Relevance to Pre-hospital Care
Death and injury from hanging is a complex situation, which requires careful and appropriate assessment and management in the pre-hospital environment. It is arguably an area of limited understanding and therefore may not be assessed and managed in the most effective manner. Most hanged/hanging patients will be found in their homes, rather than in institutions. It could be argued that due to prevalence as a suicide method, the majority of pre-hospital ambulance service staff will be responded to at least one hanged or hanging patient within their careers, thus a greater understanding will benefit both clinician and patient. Patients who attempt or achieve suicide will rarely achieve fracturing the spine and severing the spinal cord, bringing into question the requirement for the traditional cervical collar and spinal immobilisation techniques. Death from asphyxiation and carotid/vagal reflex require consideration and management as does raised ICP, which is likely to occur
Recommended from our members
Investigating the validity of muscle response testing: Blinding the patient using subliminal visual stimuli
Research objective
To determine if Muscle Response Testing (MRT) can be used to distinguish lies from truths using blind test patients.
Design
A prospective study of diagnostic test accuracy was carried out using MRT to distinguish lies from truth.
Methods
Twenty practitioners who routinely practised MRT were paired with 20 blind test patients (TPs). TPs were asked to speak simple true and false statements about visual stimuli presented subliminally (at 20âŻms). In the subliminal phase, pairs performed 20 MRTs and 20 Intuitive Guesses (IG), consisting of 2 blocks of 10 statements each. In the Supraliminal Phase, the same picture-statement pairs were repeated. The order of stimuli presentation was randomly assigned so that each pair was presented with a unique series of stimuli.
Results
In the Subliminal Phase, MRT accuracy (as percent correct) was found to be 48.5% (95% CI 42.8â54.2), which was no different from IG accuracy (47.8%; 95% CI 43.2â52.3; pâŻ=âŻ0.68) or chance (50.0%; pâŻ=âŻ0.59), and no different from MRT accuracy during the supraliminal phase (59.0%; 95% CI 50.4â67.6; pâŻ=âŻ0.05). However, supraliminal MRT accuracy was significantly different from chance (pâŻ=âŻ0.04), indicating that the pairs could perform MRT proficiently.
Conclusion
The main reason for finding no effect is suspected to be due to an inadequate subliminal methodology, a process which is quite complex. Other explanations of results include: (1) MRT is not a valid test when the TP is blind, (2) Blinding TPs during MRT will produce ambiguous or unpredictable results, or (3) Nonconscious beliefs cannot be elicited using subliminal stimuli. Future research may wish to focus on exploring these possibilities. More specifically, subsequent studies may wish to use different methods to blind TPs, and establish whether MRT can be used to detect nonconscious processes, a generally held consensus among MRT practitioners
A concept analysis of befriending
Aim. To report an analysis of the concept of Befriending.
Background. Befriending is an intervention used in a range of nursing, health and
social care settings to provide support for individuals who are socially isolated or
lack social support. However, in many cases befriending and its impact remains
poorly understood and under researched. Concept analysis provides clarification
of the concept and basis for further research and development.
Design. Concept analysis.
Data sources. AMED, Psyc Articles, Psych Info, Medline, MedlinePlus, Social
Science Index and CINHAL databases were searched for literature published
between 1993â2013 using the search term Befriending.
Methods. Walker and Avantâs method of concept analysis was chosen. This
combined with insights from Risjordâs work produced a theoretical concept
analysis which focused on the concept in peer reviewed academic literature.
Results. There are currently several ways the mechanisms of befriending and its
effects on individuals and communities are understood. It is possible however to
identify key attributes which define the concept and differentiate it from related
concepts, such as peer support and mentoring. Key attributes are that it is an
organised intervention, involving the creation of an emotionally connected friendlike
relationship, where there is a negotiation of power.
Conclusion. This concept analysis has clarified current understandings and uses
of befriending. It provides the basis for widening the focus of research into the
effectiveness and impact of befriending on those who are befriended, those who
befriend and the communities where befriending takes place
The hidden opportunity cost of time effect on intertemporal choice
An interesting phenomenon called "hidden opportunity cost of time effect" was detected in intertemporal choices. The majority of our participants preferred the smaller but sooner (SS) option to the larger but later (LL) option if opportunity cost was explicit. However, a higher proportion of participants preferred the LL to SS option if opportunity cost was hidden. This shift violates the invariance principle and opens a new way to encourage future-oriented behavior. By simply mentioning the "obvious" opportunity cost of alternatives, decision makers can be more informed in prioritizing their long-term goals rather than short-term goals.</p
Effectiveness of befriending interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
National Institute for Health Research
(NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (Reference Number
RP-PG-0611- 20002)The work presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (Reference Number RP-PG-0611- 20002). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health
Using nostalgia to reduce prejudice toward immigrants
Based on research that points to nostalgia as a means of warding off stigmatization, this study suggests that nostalgia triggered by a past encounter with a close immigrant from the in-group can improve attitudes toward out-group immigrants. Focusing on immigration in Greece, 99 university students (M = 23.06, SD = 5.44) participated in the study. Participants who were induced with nostalgia reported higher social connectedness, inclusion of the out-group in the self, out-group trust, and positive out-group attitude compared with participants in the control condition. The aforementioned findings demonstrated that the positive effects of nostalgia about a close in-group member (in this case, a Greek person), who shares an identity with the out-group (being an immigrant), can generalize to the out-group as a whole (immigrants in general). Further implications and future directions on the use of nostalgia as a means of improving attitudes are addressed
- âŚ