Don Narciso Diaz de Escovar : (apuntes de su vida)

Copia digital : Diputación de Málaga. Biblioteca Canovas del Castillo, 201

Cáncer pulmonar: prevención y pesquisa precoz

ResumenEl cáncer pulmonar es el más mortal de todos los cánceres. Debido a que la gran mayoría de los cánceres pulmonares son causados por el hábito de fumar, su erradicación es la mejor estrategia de prevención primaria. El diagnóstico del cáncer pulmonar en etapas tempranas mejora significativamente su pronóstico, por lo que ésta es la mejor estrategia de prevención secundaria. Recientemente se ha reportado que un programa de pesquisa de cáncer pulmonar con escáner de tórax (TAC) reduce la mortalidad por cáncer. El objetivo de esta revisión es, en primer lugar, apelar a la evidencia en cuanto al rendimiento de los programas de pesquisa de cáncer pulmonar en poblaciones de alto riesgo, y en segundo lugar, analizar las distintas estrategias que tiene un médico cuando se enfrenta a un paciente a quien se le ha encontrado incidentalmente un nódulo pulmonar.SummaryLung cancer is a deadly disease. Since this cancer is closely related to tobacco smoke, the best way to avoid this disease is smoking prevention. Unfortunately smoking is a worldwide epidemic and in Chile its prevalence is not decreasing. The second best strategy is an early detection. For the first time there is a report showing that screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. The prognosis is much better in early stages. The purpose of this publication is to review the evidence about screening of lung cancer, and to analyze the different strategies to deal, in the general practice, with a finding of a lung nodule

Desarrollo de un sistema de formación a través de Internet para la Academia de Seguridad Pública de Extremadura

In this article the approaches, methodologies, developments and use of the services of an on-line education system are exposed. This system was developed for the training of the policemen, firemen and volunteers of civil defense, as part of the annual plans of training of the Academia de Seguridad Pública de Extremadura, in Spain. The training courses through Internet were possible thanks to two research agreements between the University of Extremadura and the Junta de Extremadura in 2002 and 2003. These courses are totally integrated in Internet with a set of advanced multimedia technologies, allowing interaction of the user, remote evaluation, self-evaluation, control and educational monitoring, communication with the teaching staff, and so on.En este artículo se exponen los planteamientos, metodologías, desarrollos y utilización de los servicios de educación a distancia a través de Internet realizados para la formación de los agentes de policía local, bomberos y voluntarios de protección civil, como parte de los planes de formación anuales de la Academia de Seguridad Pública de la Junta de Extremadura, en España. Los cursos de formación a distancia así desarrollados, que en su origen se debieron a un convenio de investigación Universidad de Extremadura – Junta de Extremadura, vienen impartiéndose desde el año 2002, y están totalmente integrados en Internet mediante un conjunto de avanzadas tecnologías multimedia, permitiendo interacción del usuario, evaluación a distancia, auto-evaluación, control y supervisión docente, comunicación con el profesorado, etc

Desarrollo de un sistema de formación a través de Internet para la Academia de Seguridad Pública de Extremadura

In this article the approaches, methodologies, developments and use of the services of an on-line education system are exposed. This system was developed for the training of the policemen, firemen and volunteers of civil defense, as part of the annual plans of training of the Academia de Seguridad Pública de Extremadura, in Spain. The training courses through Internet were possible thanks to two research agreements between the University of Extremadura and the Junta de Extremadura in 2002 and 2003. These courses are totally integrated in Internet with a set of advanced multimedia technologies, allowing interaction of the user, remote evaluation, self-evaluation, control and educational monitoring, communication with the teaching staff, and so on.En este artículo se exponen los planteamientos, metodologías, desarrollos y utilización de los servicios de educación a distancia a través de Internet realizados para la formación de los agentes de policía local, bomberos y voluntarios de protección civil, como parte de los planes de formación anuales de la Academia de Seguridad Pública de la Junta de Extremadura, en España. Los cursos de formación a distancia así desarrollados, que en su origen se debieron a un convenio de investigación Universidad de Extremadura – Junta de Extremadura, vienen impartiéndose desde el año 2002, y están totalmente integrados en Internet mediante un conjunto de avanzadas tecnologías multimedia, permitiendo interacción del usuario, evaluación a distancia, auto-evaluación, control y supervisión docente, comunicación con el profesorado, etc

Tipos de prótesis sobre implantes en pacientes edéntulos planificados en la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Objective: To determine the frequency of types of prostheses on planned implants in edentulous patients in the postgraduate services of Oral Rehabilitation and Integral Oral Implantology of the Teaching Dental Clinic of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia during the years 2016 and 2017. Materials and methods: The research was descriptive, retrospective, observational and transversal, the variables: the planned treatments, classifying them by gender, age, seat, service, type of prosthesis on implants, classification of edentulism and edentulous zone. The database of all the digitalized medical histories was used with the presentation of the planned case and accepted by the tutor and commitment certificate accepted by the patient. Results: We found 296 different types of prostheses on implants, 68.58% in the female sex, the average age was 54.23 years, the highest percentage between 60 and 69 years, the San Isidro headquarters were planned 61.15%, in the service of RO 60.81%, the highest percentage of prostheses on implants was made in the upper jaw, the type of prosthesis on implant with the highest percentage was the unitary prosthesis 58.78%, according to the classification of edentulism the highest percentage was found in the partial edentulous, the The highest percentage in total edentulism was the hybrid prosthesis with 59.46% and in partial edentulism it was the unitary prosthesis with 66.80%. Conclusions: Unitary prostheses were the most frequent, according to gender was female, according to San Isidro and according to RO service, according to the upper edentulous area, in total edentulous the hybrid prosthesis and in partial edentulous the unitary prosthesis.Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de tipos de prótesis sobre implantes planificados en pacientes edéntulos en los servicios del Posgrado de Rehabilitación Oral e Implantología Oral Integral de la Clínica Dental Docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia durante los años 2016 y 2017. Material y métodos: La investigación fue descriptiva, retrospectiva, observacional y transversal, las variables: los tratamientos planificados, clasificándolos por género, edad, sede, servicio, tipo de prótesis sobre implantes, clasificación de edentulismo y zona edéntula. Se empleó la base de datos de todas las historias clínicas digitalizadas con presentación de caso planificada y aceptada por el docente tutor y acta de compromiso aceptada por el paciente. Resultados: Se encontraron 296 diversos tipos de prótesis sobre implantes, 68.58% en el sexo femenino, la edad promedio fue de 54,23 años, el mayor porcentaje entre los 60 y 69 años, la sede de San Isidro fueron planificados 61,15%, en el servicio de RO 60,81%, el mayor porcentaje de prótesis sobre implantes se realizó en el maxilar superior, el tipo de prótesis sobre implante con mayor porcentaje fue la prótesis unitaria 58,78%, según clasificación de edentulismo se encontró el mayor porcentaje en el edéntulo parcial, el mayor porcentaje en el edentulismo total fue la prótesis híbrida con 59,46% y en el edentulismo parcial fue la prótesis unitaria con un 66,80%. Conclusiones: La mayor frecuencia fue para las prótesis unitarias, según género fue el femenino, según sede fue San Isidro y según servicio RO, según zona edéntula el maxilar superior, en edéntulos totales la prótesis híbrida y en edéntulos parciales la prótesis unitaria

Efficient, fast and low-cost strategies for DNA extraction from different nucleated sheep cells

DNA extraction is usually the first step to perform molecular studies. This process can be nonviable due to genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction commercial kits prices. Furthermore, available DNA extraction protocols generally have high specificity, limiting their use to specific sources of biological material. In order to reduce costs, optimize time and laboratory logistics, besides to demonstrate a versatile protocol, the present study worked on an efficient DNA extraction protocol from somatic and non-somatic cells, using biological material from sheep as a model. For that, gDNA was extracted from whole blood, spermatozoa, and hair bulb cells, collected from three adult sheep, transported at 5ºC and stored at -20ºC until lab procedures. After extraction, gDNA concentration and purity were evaluated in a nano spectrophotometer. gDNA concentration from whole blood was greater (p < 0.05) than extracted from hair bulb cells, which in turn was superior (p < 0.05) than in spermatozoa. Also, gDNA from whole blood and, followed by, sperm showed greater (p < 0.05) purity when compared to gDNA of hair bulb cells. Adapting a gDNA extraction protocol, originally developed for bovine whole blood, enabled to obtain and isolate gDNA in different nucleated sheep cell

Engineering of III-Nitride Semiconductors on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics

This work presents results in the feld of advanced substrate solutions in order to achieve high crystalline quality group-III nitrides based heterostructures for high frequency and power devices or for sensor applications. With that objective, Low Temperature Co-fred Ceramics has been used, as a noncrystalline substrate. Structures like these have never been developed before, and for economic reasons will represent a groundbreaking material in these felds of Electronic. In this sense, the report presents the characterization through various techniques of three series of specimens where GaN was deposited on this ceramic composite, using diferent bufer layers, and a singular metal-organic chemical vapor deposition related technique for low temperature deposition. Other single crystalline ceramic-based templates were also utilized as substrate materials, for comparison purposes

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London