Acusações de Bruxaria Como Perseguição Baseada no Gênero no Direito dos Refugiados

A violência relacionada à bruxaria (VRB), particularmente direcionada a mulheres e crianças, tem se tornado uma fonte de crescente preocupação para organizações de direitos humanos neste século. Contudo, para aqueles que fogem de VRB, tal preocupação não tem se refletido no reconhecimento da condição de refugiado. Esta pesquisa examina como alegações de VRB foram abordadas em todas as decisões de refúgio disponíveis em inglês, oriundas de cinco jurisdições. Argumentamos que VRB é uma manifestação de violência relacionada ao gênero, que expõe graves falhas na aplicação da jurisprudência sobre refúgio. A desatenção aos elementos religiosos e organizacionais de práticas de bruxaria, combinada com uma análise insensível ao gênero, demonstra que as solicitações foram frequentemente reconfiguradas por decisores como rancores pessoais ou disputas familiares ou comunitárias, de forma que elas não foram consideradas ofensas reconhecidas pela Convenção de 1951, ou foram simplesmente desmerecidas e tidas como inverossímeis. A taxa de sucesso das solicitações foi baixa, comparada às médias disponíveis, e, quando bem-sucedidas, as solicitações foram universalmente aceitas sob algum outro fundamento que não fosse o elemento de bruxaria do caso. Este artigo foca particularmente nos casos em que a/o solicitante temia perseguição por ser acusada/o de ser bruxa/o, enquanto um segundo artigo relacionado a este aborda as pessoas temendo perseguição por bruxas/os ou pelo meio de bruxaria

Ordering human mobility: international law, development, administration

© 2017 Dr. Sara DehmThis thesis examines how international laws and institutions have come to regulate human mobility in the contemporary world. The last two decades have seen a flurry of activity within international institutions concerned with facilitating the movement of people between states, including to and from states in the Global South. In this thesis, I characterise this activity as a form of international administration through which international institutions exercise authority over mobile people and contribute to shaping the conditions and possibilities of human mobility. In the contemporary moment, I argue that the international administration of human mobility has made lawful particular forms of human mobility, crafted certain migrant subjectivities and shaped specific practices of statehood for governing human mobility. This thesis demonstrates this argument through narrating three illustrative episodes of international migration administration from the mid-20th century onwards. These episodes identify a repertoire of techniques and practices that international institutions have used to render human mobility a problem of international concern and a subject of international administration. Specifically, I show that these diverse techniques and practices have been organised around two technologies of international administration: those of ‘population’ and the ‘human’. In paying attention to how these techniques and practices of international institutions have come to order different forms and subjects of international migration, this thesis foregrounds two recurring imperatives of the international administration of human mobility: that of authorising the lawful control of states over human mobility on the one hand, and that of facilitating and regulating the ‘optimal’ movement of peoples across the world on the other. I contend that the articulation of these imperatives has been mediated through the enterprise of development directed towards Third World states and people that underpins the contemporary international administration of human mobility. This thesis thus invites readers to take seriously how international law and institutions have shaped and ordered human mobility in the world. This thesis suggests that the techniques and practices of international migration administration have important consequences for the states and people of the Global South, who in the contemporary moment have become both subjects of ever-more restrictive migration controls and objects of ever-more prescriptive political interventions

A combinatorial screen of the CLOUD uncovers a synergy targeting the androgen receptor

International audienceApproved drugs are invaluable tools to study biochemical pathways, and further characterization of these compounds may lead to repurposing of single drugs or combinations. Here we describe a collection of 308 small molecules representing the diversity of structures and molecular targets of all FDA-approved chemical entities. The CeMM Library of Unique Drugs (CLOUD) covers prodrugs and active forms at pharmacologically relevant concentrations and is ideally suited for combinatorial studies. We screened pairwise combinations of CLOUD drugs for impairment of cancer cell viability and discovered a synergistic interaction between flutamide and phenprocoumon (PPC). The combination of these drugs modulates the stability of the androgen receptor (AR) and resensitizes AR-mutant prostate cancer cells to flutamide. Mechanistically, we show that the AR is a substrate for γ-carboxylation, a post-translational modification inhibited by PPC. Collectively, our data suggest that PPC could be repurposed to tackle resistance to antiandrogens in prostate cancer patients

The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer

There is substantial heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, evident in the spectrum of molecular abnormalities and its variable clinical course. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we present a comprehensive molecular analysis of 333 primary prostate carcinomas. Our results revealed a molecular taxonomy in which 74% of these tumors fell into one of seven subtypes defined by specific gene fusions (ERG, ETV1/4, and FLI1) or mutations (SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1). Epigenetic profiles showed substantial heterogeneity, including an IDH1 mutant subset with a methylator phenotype. Androgen receptor (AR) activity varied widely and in a subtype-specific manner, with SPOP and FOXA1 mutant tumors having the highest levels of AR-induced transcripts. 25% of the prostate cancers had a presumed actionable lesion in the PI3K or MAPK signaling pathways, and DNA repair genes were inactivated in 19%. Our analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, as well as potentially actionable molecular defectsclose