Pedagogía afectiva, habilidades sociales y aprendizaje significativo del estudiante de educación superior en época de Covid-19, Lima 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación planteó como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre pedagogía afectiva, habilidades sociales y aprendizaje significativo del estudiante de educación superior en época de Covid-19, Lima 2021. La investigación se fundamenta en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, con un nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, correlacional. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 60 estudiantes de una institución educativa de educación superior, de sexo femenino, a las cuales se les aplicó cuestionarios con escala tipo Likert; los resultados producto del análisis realizado a las variables de estudio llevó a la siguiente conclusión que el valor de X2 = 149,409, con 29 gl y un p = 0,000 < α = 0,05; por lo tanto: existe una relación directa entre pedagogía afectiva y habilidades sociales con el aprendizaje significativo del estudiante de educación superior en época de Covid-19, Lima, 2021 . Ello se manifiesta por las mayores expresiones afectivas y la interacción entre los integrantes de un grupo humano con adecuadas habilidades sociales donde se vinculan con el aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes de igual manera los porcentajes obtenidos según Cox y Snell (93.50%) y Nagelkerke (95.50%) establecen la presencia de dichas variables en el aprendizaje significativo

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Los estilos de liderazgo de los directivos y el clima organizacional en el Instituto de Educación superior pedagógico público María Madre de la Región Callao, 2011

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo “Determinar la relación entre los estilos de liderazgo de los directivos y el clima organizacional en el Instituto de Educación Superior Pedagógico Público María Madre de la Región Callao, 2011”. La metodología que se utilizó con el fin de comprobar la hipótesis fue en el enfoque cuantitativo, la investigación correspondió a un estudio de tipo básico, para su propósito se utilizó el diseño no experimental descriptivo correlacional, la población estuvo conformada por 140 estudiantes, para determinar la muestra se utilizó el muestreo no probabilístico intencional quedando constituida por 100 estudiantes. La muestra considera estudiantes del primero al décimo ciclo de estudios del Instituto de Educación Superior Pedagógico Público María Madre de la Región Callao. Los resultados de la investigación determinados por la prueba de Spearman demuestran que existe una relación positiva entre los estilos de liderazgo de los directivos y el clima organizacional del Instituto de Educación Superior Pedagógico Público María Madre de la Región Callao

El plagio académico: Un enfoque integral

El plagio en la ciencia es una violación grave de la ética y puede tener graves consecuencias para la reputación y la carrera de los científicos involucrados. El libro examina las causas y factores que contribuyen al plagio, incluyendo las presiones sociales y culturales, la falta de habilidades académicas, los factores tecnológicos y las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes. La detección del plagio también se aborda en detalle, incluyendo las herramientas y técnicas para detectarlo, el papel del docente en la prevención y detección, y las estrategias para verificar la originalidad del trabajo