Business networks and localization effects for new Swedish technology-based firms’ innovation performance

This study examines the business networks and localization effects for new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the context of innovation performance (the number of patents and product differentiation). In this regard, the study includes 28 variables. A survey was conducted in 2016 with 401 Swedish NTBFs that were small and young (the employment mean was 1.80 and the average age of each firm was 28.3\ua0months). The biggest category of NTBFs was knowledge-intensive high-technology services, followed by medium high-technology manufacturing, and high-technology manufacturing. Hypotheses on how business networks and localization are related to innovation performance were tested using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results show that the primary significant factor for innovation performance regarding business networks and localization dimensions are professional network services, while industrial and regional areas also have a positive relationship on product differentiation. Our study also shows that innovation performance enhances firms’ abilities to access external financing through professional network services (e.g., venture capital companies)

Genetic predisposition to mosaic Y chromosome loss in blood.

Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in circulating white blood cells is the most common form of clonal mosaicism1-5, yet our knowledge of the causes and consequences of this is limited. Here, using a computational approach, we estimate that 20% of the male population represented in the UK Biobank study (n = 205,011) has detectable LOY. We identify 156 autosomal genetic determinants of LOY, which we replicate in 757,114 men of European and Japanese ancestry. These loci highlight genes that are involved in cell-cycle regulation and cancer susceptibility, as well as somatic drivers of tumour growth and targets of cancer therapy. We demonstrate that genetic susceptibility to LOY is associated with non-haematological effects on health in both men and women, which supports the hypothesis that clonal haematopoiesis is a biomarker of genomic instability in other tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies dysregulated expression of autosomal genes in leukocytes with LOY and provides insights into why clonal expansion of these cells may occur. Collectively, these data highlight the value of studying clonal mosaicism to uncover fundamental mechanisms that underlie cancer and other ageing-related diseases.This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under application 9905 and 19808. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council [Unit Programme number MC_UU_12015/2]. Full study-specific and individual acknowledgements can be found in the supplementary information

The Comet Interceptor Mission

Here we describe the novel, multi-point Comet Interceptor mission. It is dedicated to the exploration of a little-processed long-period comet, possibly entering the inner Solar System for the first time, or to encounter an interstellar object originating at another star. The objectives of the mission are to address the following questions: What are the surface composition, shape, morphology, and structure of the target object? What is the composition of the gas and dust in the coma, its connection to the nucleus, and the nature of its interaction with the solar wind? The mission was proposed to the European Space Agency in 2018, and formally adopted by the agency in June 2022, for launch in 2029 together with the Ariel mission. Comet Interceptor will take advantage of the opportunity presented by ESA's F-Class call for fast, flexible, low-cost missions to which it was proposed. The call required a launch to a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. The mission can take advantage of this placement to wait for the discovery of a suitable comet reachable with its minimum ΔV capability of 600 ms-1. Comet Interceptor will be unique in encountering and studying, at a nominal closest approach distance of 1000 km, a comet that represents a near-pristine sample of material from the formation of the Solar System. It will also add a capability that no previous cometary mission has had, which is to deploy two sub-probes - B1, provided by the Japanese space agency, JAXA, and B2 - that will follow different trajectories through the coma. While the main probe passes at a nominal 1000 km distance, probes B1 and B2 will follow different chords through the coma at distances of 850 km and 400 km, respectively. The result will be unique, simultaneous, spatially resolved information of the 3-dimensional properties of the target comet and its interaction with the space environment. We present the mission's science background leading to these objectives, as well as an overview of the scientific instruments, mission design, and schedule

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

The Comet Interceptor Mission

Here we describe the novel, multi-point Comet Interceptor mission. It is dedicated to the exploration of a little-processed long-period comet, possibly entering the inner Solar System for the first time, or to encounter an interstellar object originating at another star. The objectives of the mission are to address the following questions: What are the surface composition, shape, morphology, and structure of the target object? What is the composition of the gas and dust in the coma, its connection to the nucleus, and the nature of its interaction with the solar wind? The mission was proposed to the European Space Agency in 2018, and formally adopted by the agency in June 2022, for launch in 2029 together with the Ariel mission. Comet Interceptor will take advantage of the opportunity presented by ESA’s F-Class call for fast, flexible, low-cost missions to which it was proposed. The call required a launch to a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. The mission can take advantage of this placement to wait for the discovery of a suitable comet reachable with its minimum ΔV capability of 600 ms−1. Comet Interceptor will be unique in encountering and studying, at a nominal closest approach distance of 1000 km, a comet that represents a near-pristine sample of material from the formation of the Solar System. It will also add a capability that no previous cometary mission has had, which is to deploy two sub-probes – B1, provided by the Japanese space agency, JAXA, and B2 – that will follow different trajectories through the coma. While the main probe passes at a nominal 1000 km distance, probes B1 and B2 will follow different chords through the coma at distances of 850 km and 400 km, respectively. The result will be unique, simultaneous, spatially resolved information of the 3-dimensional properties of the target comet and its interaction with the space environment. We present the mission’s science background leading to these objectives, as well as an overview of the scientific instruments, mission design, and schedule

Boy and Girl. You and Me. Equal or different? : An examination of passages regarding sociolects in textbooks and their usage in equality work

Skolan har ett stort inflytande på dagens ungdomar och enligt läroplanen har skolan ett tydligt jämlikhetsuppdrag att förmedla. Att hjälpa eleven att problematisera människors lika värde oavsett kön och etnicitet samt bemöta fördomar med kunskap ingår i de mål lärarna bör ha sett till läroplanens formuleringar. Dock besitter kanske inte alla lärare de kunskaper som behövs om bland annat jämlikhet, jämställdhet, genus och etnicitet, om ett genuint intresse inte finns hos den enskilda personen. Kan läroböcker då ge läraren stöd? I svenskämnet ska eleverna i svenska 1 bland annat arbeta med området sociolekter, ett avsnitt som i stor utsträckning ger utrymme till både diskussion och reflektion i nämnda frågor. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se hur ser det ut i 5 av de läromedlen som finns i skolan. Är de jämlika och uppfyller de ett jämlikhetssyfte?   Undersökningen bygger på sociolektavsnittet i fem olika läromedel som är framtagna för gymnasiets kurs i svenska 1 respektive A. Till hjälp har två analysmodeller använts, genustrappan och etnicitettrappan. Resultatet visar att inget av de granskade läromedlen kan användas som hjälp i arbetet med jämlikhetsfrågor men att texterna kan nå ett jämlikhetssyfte om den enskilda läraren själv problematiserar och diskuterar exemplen. Samtidigt är de inte diskriminerande utan snarare könsneutrala, ett omdöme som dock inte är att sträva efter utifrån den forskning som gjorts inom jämställdhet.

THE PHENOMENON “MONEY LAUNDERING” : Whose money is dirty and what are the effects?

Money laundering is a concept, which still is rather criminals’ business than anything else in most of us minds. Jendem Oy Ltd. as a Consulting company found it interesting to explore more the phenomenon “money laundering”. This work is about giving more understanding about what is criminal, what is not, but harmful and how much tax income is lost. We use hermeneutical philosophy to clarify and find new ways to interpret and find the relationships between the issues and to understand the phenomenon more widely. Instrumenthalisticly to offer results to widen the understanding of the phenomenon. The research strategy is qualitative. There was plenty of material to use. There is reports, statistics, books, newspaper articles, etc. The material was gathered by grouping them in different themes, having the idea, to form a wide view and understanding. While writing this we find news about big corporations avoiding taxes using tax agreements in Luxemburg. In this work we bring out many similar cases. The tax avoidance and evasion has a huge meaning for every countries economics. Today there is a recession and difficulties in treasuries. Tax incomes and jobs would be more than welcome.Rahanpesukäsite yhdistetään yleisesti rikollisjärjestöihin ja rikolliseen liiketoimintaan. Se, miten se tapahtuu ja kuka sitä tekee, ovat melko etäisiä tavalliselle kadun-miehelle ja naiselle. Jendem Oy Ltd. toimii taloushallinnon ja yrittämisen konsultoinnin alueella. Yrityksen toiminta-alaan kuuluu myös vapaamuotoinen taloustilanteen seuraaminen, ennustaminen ja yrittämiseen liittyvien mahdollisuuksien hahmottaminen. Tästä syystä käsite rahanpesu ja sen katvealueet herättivät mielenkiinnon asian tarkempaan tutkiskeluun ja ymmärtämyksen tuottamiseen. Tavoite on tuottaa laajaa näkemystä asiaan ja siihen, miten vaikeaa on erottaa rikollinen toiminta laillisesta. Tätä kirjoittaessa lehdissä puhutaan Luxemburgin valtion verosopimuksista, joissa tietyt suuryritykset välttyvät maksamasta veroja. Tällaisia tapauksia otetaan työssä esille muitakin. Niiden vaikutus ei ole vaan kilpailua vääristävä, vaan myös markkinatalouden toteutumattomuus ja kaikenlainen eriarvoisuus. Työ sisältää myös läpikäynnin täysin rikollisen rahanpesun kaavoista ja määritelmän, mikä täyttää rahanpesun tunnusmerkistöt. Eli työssä käsitellään sekä rikollinen, että monomutkikkaat verosuunnittelu prosessit, joiden molempien lopputulos on välttää verojen maksu. Toisen tavoite on tietenkin myös häivyttää rikollisen toimintansa alkuperä, mutta kuitenkin myös välttyä säännöstelyltä, lailta ja velvoitteilta, mitä yhteiskunta yritystoiminnalle on säätänyt. Ongelman asettelu lähtee ilmiön kuvaamisesta ympäristössään. Eli ollen jonkinlainen hermeneuttinen filosofia, jossa pyritään hahmottamaan asioita ja niiden kontekstien välisiä suhteita, löytääkseen uudelleentulkitsemista ja laajempaa ymmärrystä ilmiöstä. Siinä korostetaan merkityksiä sisältävien kokonaisuuksien ymmärtämistä ja tulkintaa. Tutkimusstrategia on laadullinen. Aineistoa on haettu tavoite kriteerien mukaan. Virallisia tutkimuksia, raportteja, oikeuden pöytäkirjaotteita, alan kirjallisuutta, lehtiartikkeleita jne. Tietoa ja tapauksia on ollut saatavilla todella runsaasti. Aineiston analysointimenetelmä on luokittelu. Materiaali selkeytti kuvan, että kaikenlainen verojen välttely merkitsee kansantaloudelle paljon. Jos pelkästään rahanpesua arvioidaan tapahtuvan n. 5 % maailman bruttokansan tuotteen arvoinen summa vuosittain, niin paljon suurempi menetys veron keruussa syntyy erilaisia verottomia paikkoja käyttäessä, veroparatiisit. Tieto lisää ymmärtämystä ja sitä kautta voidaan tehdä korjausliikkeitä, jotta vapaa markkinatalous toteutuisi ja yrittäminen olisi mielekästä