CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

A percepção dos estudantes de graduação sobre a atuação do “doutor palhaço” em um hospital universitário - doi: 10.5020/18061230.2012.s25

Objectives: To understand how students perceive the humanization of health, as well as the contributions of Project Y “clown doctors” in academic and hospital routine, identifying the relevance of this group through the construction of new paradigms. Methods: The study involved qualitative dimension, with the participation of medical students / interns in psychology and pediatric ward from a university hospital in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. From March to July 2009, ten interviews were performed, recorded and fully transcribed and analyzed by interpretative network, comprising the categories: knowing the Project Y: different forms cognizable; role of Project Y in the hospital environment: the perception of this strategy in view of the spectators; humanization in health: the look of the future professional. The interpretive framework includes concepts related to health promotion activities, based in the humanization of care performed by graduate students in training. Results: Students have known Project Y from the observation of the activities performed in the infirmaries and to realize the smiles of children during the integration with the clowns. Reported that the visits, as well as diminishing the stress of children, caregivers and assist in the recovery of patients, also act in humane training of health professionals and contributes to the practice of multidisciplinarity. Conclusions: The respondents believe that Project Y can positively influence the training of health professionals, expanding interdisciplinary practice and providing complete pain relief of the patient. Thus, enhances communication of those who share the hospital environment and relieve human suffering.Compreender como os estudantes percebem a humanização da saúde, bem como as contribuições do Projeto Y “doutores-palhaços” na formação acadêmica e na rotina hospitalar, identificando a relevância do grupo neste meio na construção de novos paradigmas. Métodos: Estudo envolveu dimensão qualitativa, com participação de acadêmicos de medicina/psicologia e estagiários da enfermaria pediátrica de um Hospital Universitário, Fortaleza – CE, Brasil. Foram realizadas, no período de março a julho de 2009, dez entrevistas individuais gravadas e transcritas na íntegra que foram analisadas por rede interpretativa, composta pelas categorias: conhecendo o Projeto Y: diferentes formas percebidas; atuação do Projeto Y no ambiente hospitalar: a percepção dessa estratégia na visão dos espectadores; a humanização na saúde: o olhar do futuro profissional. O referencial interpretativo contempla concepções relativas a atividades de promoção à saúde, embasadas na humanização da assistência, desempenhadas por estudantes de graduação em formação.Resultados: Os estudantes conheceram o Projeto Y a partir da observação das atividades realizadas nas enfermarias e ao perceberem os sorrisos das crianças durante a integração com os palhaços. Relatam que as visitas diminuem o estresse das crianças, dos acompanhantes e auxiliam na recuperação dos doentes, atua também na formação humanizada do profissional de saúde, considerada essencial, e contribui para a prática da multidisciplinaridade.Conclusões: Os entrevistados acreditam que o Projeto Y pode influenciar positivamente na formação do profissional de saúde, ampliando a prática interdisciplinar e proporcionando alívio à dor integral do paciente. Dessa forma, aprimora a comunicação daqueles que partilham o ambiente hospitalar e alivia o sofrimento humano

Ungraduate students view on the presence of clown-doctors at the University Hospital

Objectives: To understand how students perceive the humanization of health, as well as the contributions of Project Y “clown doctors” in academic and hospital routine, identifying the relevance of this group through the construction of new paradigms. Methods: The study involved qualitative dimension, with the participation of medical students / interns in psychology and pediatric ward from a university hospital in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. From March to July 2009, ten interviews were performed, recorded and fully transcribed and analyzed by interpretative network, comprising the categories: knowing the Project Y: different forms cognizable; role of Project Y in the hospital environment: the perception of this strategy in view of the spectators; humanization in health: the look of the future professional. The interpretive framework includes concepts related to health promotion activities, based in the humanization of care performed by graduate students in training. Results: Studentshave known Project Y from the observation of the activities performed in the infirmaries and to realize the smiles of children during the integration with the clowns. Reported that the visits, as well as diminishing the stress of children, caregivers and assist in the recovery of patients, also act in humane training of health professionals and contributes to the practice of multidisciplinarity. Conclusions: The respondents believe that Project Y can positivelyinfluence the training of health professionals, expanding interdisciplinary practice and providing complete pain relief of the patient. Thus, enhances communication of those who share the hospital environment and relieve human suffering

Optimization of visibility and quantification of aberrant crypt foci in colonic mucosa in Wistar rats Otimização da visibilidade e quantificação de focos de criptas aberrantes em mucosa cólica de ratos Wistar

PURPOSE: Test immersion of microscopy samples in water as an aid to visualizing and quantifying aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon mucosa. METHODS: Carcinogenesis was induced with azoxymethane in Wistar rats kept on a conventional diet or a hypercaloric diet containing unsaturated fat. Fifteen weeks after induction, colon samples were retrieved and fixated in a 10% formaldehyde solution. The samples were divided into segments (distal, middle, proximal) and stained with 1% toluidine blue. The technique tested in the study consisted of immersing microscopy samples in distilled water in order to eliminate the problem of light reflection known from conventional microscopy. RESULTS: When samples were immersed in water during microscopy, significantly more ACF could be visualized in all colon segments than with the conventional method proposed by Bird. CONCLUSION: Immersing microscopy samples in water aids the visualization and quantification of aberrant crypt foci in rat colon mucosa fixed in formaldehyde.<br>OBJETIVO: Otimizar a visibilização de focos de criptas aberrantes (FCA) em mucosa cólica de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Colo de rato Wistar, sob diferentes dietas e submetidos a iniciação de carcinogênese pelo azoximetano há 4 meses, foram previamente lavados, abertos e fixados em solução de formalina a 10% por 24 horas. Após serem corados em azul de toluidina a 1%, foram divididos em segmentos distal, médio e proximal e imersos em água destilada para quantificação de FCA. RESULTADOS: No método de imersão foi visibilizado maior quantidade de focos de criptas aberrantes em todos os segmentos cólicos, com diferença significante, quando comparado com o método de Bird. CONCLUSÃO: O método de imersão otimiza a visibilização e quantificação de focos de criptas aberrantes em mucosa cólica (ratos Wistar) fixada em solução de formalina a 10%

Effect of a hyperlipidic diet rich in omegas 3, 6 and 9 on aberrant crypt formation in rat colonic mucosa Efeito de uma dieta hiperlipídica rica em ômegas 3, 6 e 9 na formação de criptas aberrantes em mucosa cólica de ratos

PURPOSE: To determine whether a hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colonic mucosa of Wistar rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS: At eight weeks of life, the rats were assigned to four groups: Group I&#8213;standard diet (STD) not treated with AOM; Group II&#8213;hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet (FED), not treated with AOM; Group III&#8213;STD, treated with AOM; Group IV&#8213;FED, treated with AOM. At 16 weeks, the animals were injected intraperitoneal with 0.9% saline solution (Group I and II) or AOM at 15mg/Kg (Groups III and IV) once a week for two weeks. Fifteen weeks later, the animals were euthanized. RESULTS: FED promoted weight gain in Groups II and IV compared to Groups I and III, respectively. The groups did not differ with regard to the total number of ACF. The Chi-square test revealed no predominance of the presence of foci with <4 crypts. However, foci with &#8805;5 crypts were proportionally more prevalent in Group III than in Group IV (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids did not interfere with the formation of aberrant crypt foci, but reduced ACF multiplicity, exercising an attenuating effect on carcinogenesis.<br>OBJETIVO: Determinar se uma dieta hipercalórica, hiperlipídica, rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (FED) tem influência na formação de focos de cripta aberrante (FCA) em mucosa cólica de ratos Wistar expostos ao azoximetano (AOM). MÉTODOS: Com oito semanas de vida, os ratos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: Grupo I: Dieta padrão (SD) sem AOM; Grupo II: FED, sem AOM; Grupo III: SD, com AOM; Grupo IV: FED com AOM. Com 16 semanas, os animais dos grupos I e II receberam injeções intraperitoneais de solução salina 0,9%, enquanto os dos grupos III e IV receberam AOM na dose de 15mg/Kg de peso, 1 vez por semana por duas semanas. Quinze semanas após, os animais foram mortos. RESULTADOS: FED promoveu aumento de peso nos grupos II e IV em relação aos grupos I e III. Não houve aumento significante no número total de FCA entre os grupos. Em relação à multiplicidade das criptas por FCA, o teste do qui-quadrado mostrou que não houve predominância da presença <4 criptas por foco. Contudo, focos &#8805;5 criptas foram proporcionalmente mais prevalentes no grupo III que no grupo IV (p=0,043). CONCLUSÃO: Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados não interferem na formação de focos de cripta aberrante, contudo reduz sua multiplicidade, exercendo efeito atenuador na carcinogênese