Molecular Realization of a Quantum NAND Tree

The negative-AND (NAND) gate is universal for classical computation making it an important target for development. A seminal quantum computing algorithm by Farhi, Goldstone and Gutmann has demonstrated its realization by means of quantum scattering yielding a quantum algorithm that evaluates the output faster than any classical algorithm. Here, we derive the NAND outputs analytically from scattering theory using a tight-binding (TB) model and show the restrictions on the TB parameters in order to still maintain the NAND gate function. We map the quantum NAND tree onto a conjugated molecular system, and compare the NAND output with non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) transport calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and TB Hamiltonians for the electronic structure. Further, we extend our molecular platform to show other classical gates that can be realized for quantum computing by scattering on graphs.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Le sentier en spirale du développement du savoir infirmier : l’apport de la proposition de Reed

Cet article dévoile, pour la première fois en français, la perspective de Reed sur le développement du savoir infirmier. La proposition de Reed est intégrée dans la perspective de l’intermodernisme. Elle se dépeint sous la forme d’un sentier en spirale, composé par les dimensions philosophique, pratique et théorique du savoir infirmier. Après la présentation de la perspective de Reed, une illustration est proposée avec le développement théorique de Lawler sur la somologie. Le récit du développement de Lawler permettra d’intégrer les composantes du sentier en spirale de Reed de façon concrète. La discussion permet de montrer comment la proposition de Reed peut mener à mieux décrire et comprendre une démarche de développement de savoir infirmier

Caring for people with Alzheimer's disease who show defensive behaviours. Part 2: Situation-specific fundamentals of care practice process

This article amis to present a clinical practice process which is essential for nurses and nursing students caring for people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who show defensive behaviours. This discursive paper introduces the Defensive Behaviours Practice Process based on relevant nursing knowledge previously presented. The Defensive Behaviours Practice Process is presented with an algorithm and a clinical form. A clinical scenario presents Mrs. Barbara Henderson, 80, who shows defensive behaviours. We can follow the nurse Florence in her first stages of clinical process with Mrs. Henderson, her family and the formal caregivers. Several tools are integrated in an innovative way, for example a Retrogenesis genogram and ecomap. The Defensive Behaviours Practice Process integrates the main stages nurses should realize for a person living with AD who show defensive behaviours. The process helps the nurse to identify compromised needs and to plan relevant interventions with the person, family and nursing team

Caring for people with Alzheimer's disease who show defensive behaviours. Part 1: Four essential pieces of nursing knowledge

When caring for people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and showing aggressive behaviours, nurses must perform a knowledge-based nursing practice to better understand the people's needs and support them. This article aims to present a structure for the knowledge essential for nurses caring for people living with Alzheimer's disease who show defensive behaviours. People living with AD some times show defensive behaviours that have disastrous consequences for them, their family members, the other residents, and the formal caregivers. Rather than considering these behaviours as being aggressive and disruptive, nurses must understand that they are protective and defensive. Because of the important role that nurses have in the care of people living with AD, they must possess specific knowledge. This discursive paper is based on the literature of defensive behaviours and integrates the Fundamentals of Care Framework. We use Kim's perspective regarding the knowledge-based practice and the knowledge-use in nursing practice. Several dimensions that must be considered for the nursing practice for the elderly living with AD are introduced. This permits to present a clinical gerontological nursing process centred on the relationship with the person living with AD and their family. Moreover, a mid-paradigm for nursing care of these people is introduced. Then, essential nursing knowledge for the care of people living with AD is presented in four parts, which are 1) Characteristics of AD, 2) Goals of the behaviours, 3) Contributing factors, and 4) Ecobiopsychosocial and pharmacological interventions related to the person and family's needs. The specific structure of knowledge permits to precisely identify pieces of knowledge nurses should possess and nursing students should learn in order to take care of people living with AD and their families

Fondamentaux des soins : un cadre et un processus pratique pour répondre aux besoins physiques, psychosociaux et relationnels des personnes soignées

Depuis 2008, un regroupement international soutient la promotion d’une meilleure réponse aux besoins fondamentaux des personnes soignées. Ce regroupement propose un cadre sur les fondamentaux des soins. Ce cadre est centré sur la relation entre l’infirmier, la personne soignée et ses proches ainsi que sur la réponse aux besoins physiques, psychosociaux et relationnels. Un processus pratique soutient l’application concrète de ce cadre. Le but de cet article discursif est de présenter la traduction française du cadre des fondamentaux des soins et de son processus pratique. Pour commencer, le processus de traduction sera brièvement expliqué. Ensuite, le cadre sur les fondamentaux des soins et les étapes de son processus pratique seront présentés. Afin de permettre une meilleure appropriation du contenu par le lecteur, une illustration clinique présente la situation de M. Perron, atteint d’une maladie d’Alzheimer, et de sa conjointe, qui est sa proche aidante. Enfin, la discussion aborde l’utilité du cadre des fondamentaux des soins et de son processus pratique au niveau des quatre grands axes de la discipline infirmière, soit la pratique, la gestion, la formation et la recherche. Cet article ouvre la voie au développement de connaissances sur les fondamentaux des soins au niveau de la francophonie

A cardinal role for cathepsin D in co-ordinating the host-mediated apoptosis of macrophages and killing of pneumococci

The bactericidal function of macrophages against pneumococci is enhanced by their apoptotic demise, which is controlled by the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Here, we show that lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cytosolic translocation of activated cathepsin D occur prior to activation of a mitochondrial pathway of macrophage apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition or knockout of cathepsin D during pneumococcal infection blocked macrophage apoptosis. As a result of cathepsin D activation, Mcl-1 interacted with its ubiquitin ligase Mule and expression declined. Inhibition of cathepsin D had no effect on early bacterial killing but inhibited the late phase of apoptosis-associated killing of pneumococci in vitro. Mice bearing a cathepsin D-/- hematopoietic system demonstrated reduced macrophage apoptosis in vivo, with decreased clearance of pneumococci and enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to control pulmonary infection. These findings establish an unexpected role for a cathepsin D-mediated lysosomal pathway of apoptosis in pulmonary host defense and underscore the importance of apoptosis-associated microbial killing to macrophage function

“I’m only a dog!” : the Rwandan genocide, dehumanisation and the graphic novel

Graphic novels written in response to the 1994 Rwandan genocide do not confine their depictions of traumatic violence to humans, but extend their coverage to show how the genocide impacted on animals and the environment. Through analysis of the presentation of people and their relationships with other species across a range of graphic narratives, this article shows how animal imagery was used to justify inhumane actions during the genocide, and argues that representations of animals remain central to the recuperation processes in a post-genocide context too. Whilst novels and films that respond to the genocide have been the focus of scholarly work (Dauge-Roth, 2010), the graphic novel has yet to receive substantial critical attention. This article therefore unlocks the archive of French-, Dutch- and English-language graphic narratives written in response to the genocide by providing the first in-depth, comparative analysis of their animal representations. It draws on recent methodological approaches derived from philosophy (Derrida, [2008] trans. 2009), postcolonial ecocriticism (Huggan and Tiffin, 2010) and postcolonial trauma theory (Craps, 2012) in order show how human-centred strategies for recovery, and associated symbolic orders that forcefully position the animal outside of human law, continue to engender unequal and potentially violent relationships between humans, and humans and other species. In this way, graphic narratives that gesture towards more equitable relationships between humans, animals and the environment can be seen to support the processes of recovery and reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda

Multicenter phase II study of brequinar sodium in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer

Eighty-six patients with advanced colorectal, gastric or pancreatic carcinoma and no prior exposure to chemotherapy were treated with brequinar sodium. Brequinar was administered at a median weekly dose of 1200 mg/m 2 intravenously. The toxicity was moderate, with thirty patients (35%) experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Objective responses were observed in 1/32 evaluable colorectal and 2/29 evaluable gastric carcinoma patients. There were no objective responses in 17 evaluable pancreatic cancer patients. We conclude that, at this dose and schedule, brequinar does not have sufficient activity in these gastrointestinal malignancies to warrant further evaluation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45168/1/10637_2004_Article_BF00873913.pd

‘Defnyddiwch y Gymraeg’: Community sport as a vehicle for encouraging the use of the Welsh language

Despite cultural and statutory changes, including significant investment in Welsh medium education, latest census data show a drop in the percentage of Welsh speakers. Moreover there is a concern that many of those who are able to speak Welsh are not using it – the language is not ‘alive’. The Welsh Language Commissioner has identified sport as a space where Welsh can be used, encouraged and promoted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether community sport clubs can provide a space to encourage the use of Welsh. Using qualitative methods we found that strategies to promote Welsh in sports clubs are potentially divisive. The dominant and ‘operational’ language of many community sport clubs is English. Increasing the use of Welsh in these clubs risks excluding non-Welsh speakers, but ignoring the language denies Welsh speakers the opportunity to participate in Welsh

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations