Comparison of force variables and dynamic strength index between age groups in elite young Brazilian football goalkeepers

Introduction: The application of muscle force is a determinant of football success as it is inherent to the motor control and sport. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe force variables Isometric Maximal Force (IMF), Concentric Peak Force (CPPF), and Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in football goalkeepers from different age groups; (2) to compare these variables’ behavior between those groups. Methods: The sample was formed by 19 youth players (15.97 ± 1.55 years old) from a first-division Brazilian football team. The CPPF and IMF variables were obtained through the Countermovement jump and isometric squat tests, respectively. For data collection, a force plate (Cefise, Brazil) was used with an acquisition frequency of 600 Hz and mono-axial. The DSI was calculated using the ratio between CPPF and IMF. For data analysis, the sample was separated into clusters by age. After the grouping, a descriptive analysis of the data and a comparison between the groups with p < 0.05. Results: The sample was grouped into three groups (GA, GB, and GC) and one of the individuals did not enter the group, totaling 18 individuals in the analyzed sample. The comparison between the ages of the groups showed a significant difference and small and moderate effect size (ES), validating the cluster strategy. The CPPF and IMF variables showed increased values according to chronological age. CPPF showed a significant difference between GA-GB, (ES = very large) GA-GC (ES = very large), and GB-GC (ES = moderate). The IMF variable had significant differences between GA-GB (ES = moderate) and GA-GC (ES = very large). However, DSI showed significant differences only between GA GB (ES = small) and GB-GC (ES = very large). Conclusions: The CPPF and IMF variables had constant increases and distinct values with an increase according to age, and this did not occur for DSI. The difference between CPPF and IMF compared to DSI bring to light the variability in dynamics and proportionality between muscular force in the concentric phase and maximal force in the isometric regime during the developmental process over chronological age in soccer goalkeepers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aspectos da nidificação e forrageamento de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) nas dunas do médio São Francisco, Bahia

Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) was the most abundant species of this genus in the study area. Nests were found in the riparian forests of the mid San Francisco River. The architecture of five X. grisescens nests built in branches of Capparis sp. (Capparaceae) are described. The length and diameter of the nesting substrates varied between 68-87cm and 17-23cm, respectively. Each nest had one rounded entrance with mean diameter of 16.0mm ± 1.08mm (n=7). Cells were barrel-shaped in linear series in the galleries, with 2.40cm ± 0.18cm in length, 2.01cm ± 0.11cm in diameter and a mean volume of 7.59cm ± 0.79cm3. Cell partitions were 3.49mm ± 0.28mm thick (n=15) at the margins, where they are thicker. X. grisescens visited 12 plant species (six families). The most frequently visited plant species were Senna Gardneri (Benth.) Irwin &amp; Barneby (32%), S. macranthera (Collad.) Irwin &amp; Barneby var. pudibunda (18%), Proterantha glandulosa sp. n. (15%) and Dioclea marginata Benth. (15%).Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) foi a espécie mais abundante do gênero, amostrada nas flores, em uma área das dunas do médio Rio São Francisco. A arquitetura de cinco ninhos de X. grisescens construídos em galhos de Capparis sp. (Capparaceae) foi descrita. O comprimento e o diâmetro dos substratos dos ninhos variaram de 68-87cm e 17-23cm, respectivamente. Cada ninho apresenta uma entrada circular com diâmetro médio de 15,95 ± 1,08mm (n=7). As células possuem a forma de barril com 2,40 ± 0,18cm de comprimento, 2,01 ± 0,11cm de diâmetro e 7,59 ± 0,79cm3 de volume. As divisórias entre as células possuem, em media, 3,49 ± 0,28mm de espessura (n=15) medida na borda a qual é um pouco mais espessa do que o centro. X. grisescens visitou 12 espécies de plantas de seis famílias, mas concentaram suas atividades em apenas quatro espécies que receberam 80% das visitas: Senna gardneri (Benth.) Irwin &amp; Barneby (32%), S. macranthera (Collad.) Irwin &amp; Barneby var. pudibunda (18%), Proterantha glandulosa sp. n. (15%) e Dioclea marginata Benth. (15%)

South American Expert Roundtable : increasing adaptive governance capacity for coping with unintended side effects of digital transformation

This paper presents the main messages of a South American expert roundtable (ERT) on the unintended side effects (unseens) of digital transformation. The input of the ERT comprised 39 propositions from 20 experts representing 11 different perspectives. The two-day ERT discussed the main drivers and challenges as well as vulnerabilities or unseens and provided suggestions for: (i) the mechanisms underlying major unseens; (ii) understanding possible ways in which rebound effects of digital transformation may become the subject of overarching research in three main categories of impact: development factors, society, and individuals; and (iii) a set of potential action domains for transdisciplinary follow-up processes, including a case study in Brazil. A content analysis of the propositions and related mechanisms provided insights in the genesis of unseens by identifying 15 interrelated causal mechanisms related to critical issues/concerns. Additionally, a cluster analysis (CLA) was applied to structure the challenges and critical developments in South America. The discussion elaborated the genesis, dynamics, and impacts of (groups of) unseens such as the digital divide (that affects most countries that are not included in the development of digital business, management, production, etc. tools) or the challenge of restructuring small- and medium-sized enterprises (whose service is digitally substituted by digital devices). We identify specific issues and effects (for most South American countries) such as lack of governmental structure, challenging geographical structures (e.g., inclusion in high-performance transmission power), or the digital readiness of (wide parts) of society. One scientific contribution of the paper is related to the presented methodology that provides insights into the phenomena, the causal chains underlying “wanted/positive” and “unwanted/negative” effects, and the processes and mechanisms of societal changes caused by digitalization

Plasticity in leaf-level water relations of tropical rainforest trees in response to experimental drought

Summary The tropics are predicted to become warmer and drier, and understanding the sensitivity of tree species to drought is important for characterizing the risk to forests of climate change. This study makes use of a long-term drought experiment in the Amazon rainforest to evaluate the role of leaf-level water relations, leaf anatomy and their plasticity in response to drought in six tree genera. The variables (osmotic potential at full turgor, turgor loss point, capacitance, elastic modulus, relative water content and saturated water content) were compared between seasons and between plots (control and through-fall exclusion) enabling a comparison between short- and long-term plasticity in traits. Leaf anatomical traits were correlated with water relation parameters to determine whether water relations differed among tissues. The key findings were: osmotic adjustment occurred in response to the long-term drought treatment; species resistant to drought stress showed less osmotic adjustment than drought-sensitive species; and water relation traits were correlated with tissue properties, especially the thickness of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll. These findings demonstrate that cell-level water relation traits can acclimate to long-term water stress, and highlight the limitations of extrapolating the results of short-term studies to temporal scales associated with climate change

Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight

Indexación: Web of Science; PubMedBackground Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6–8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages. Results A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles. Conclusions We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-

Confiabilidade intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores para as medidas de dobra cutânea em homens universitários

A proposta do presente estudo foi comparar a confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliadores das medidas das três dobras cutânea peitoral (DCP), abdômen (DCA) e coxa (DCC) em homens universitários. Tratou-se de uma amostra de 17 homens (18 a 41 anos) e praticante de atividade física. Todos os voluntários passaram por uma avaliação antropométrica e tomada das medidas das três dobras cutâneas por um único avaliador para estudar a confiabilidade intra-avaliador através da Anova por medidas repetitivas e o post hoc Bonferroni e por outro avaliador para estudar a confiabilidade inter-avaliadores pelo valor da média das três medidas para cada dobra cutânea pela análise de variância Anova one-way e o teste Post Hoc Tukey. Utilizou-se   = 0,05. Os resultados dos valores por  das dobras cutâneas obtida para um mesmo avaliador em três tentativas em DCP (12,0±1,7 mm, 12,0±1,6 mm e 11,9±1,6 mm), DCA (21,7±2,5 mm; 20,4±2,5 mm e 20,3±2,4 mm)  e DCC (15,0 ± 1,6 mm, 15,4 ± 1,7 mme 14,7±1,5 mm), não demostrando diferença significativa em todas as dobras cutâneas. Ao comparar os resultados diferença média entre os avaliadores de 1,2 mm, 1,4 mm e 0,4 mm, respectivamente, para DCP, DCA e DCC, não demonstrando diferenças significativas. Ao comparar os resultados das medidas das dobras cutâneas na avaliação intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores pode observar alta correlação (r = 0,91-0,99, p &lt; 0,01) para todas as dobras cutâneas. Conclui-se que os resultados do presente estudo mostraram uma confiabilidade intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores nas medidas de dobras cutâneas em homens universitários. ABSTRACT Intra and inter-rater reliability of skin fold measurements in university menThe purpose of the present study was to compare the intra and inter-rater reliability of skin fold thickness pectoral (STP), abdomen (STA) and thigh (STT) in university men. It was a sample of 17 men (18 until 41 years old) and physically active. All volunteers were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation and measurement of the three skin folds by a same evaluator to study the intra-rater reliability through Anova by repetitive measures and Bonferroni pos hoc test and the intra-rater reliability based in the value of the mean of the three measures for each skin fold by Anova one-way and the Tukey post hoc test. All tests assumed   = 0.05. The results of the skin fold values obtained for the same evaluator in three attempts in STP (12.0 ± 1.7 mm, 12.0 ± 1.6 mm and 11.9 ± 1.6 mm), STA (21 , 7 ± 2.5 mm, 20.4 ± 2.5 mm and 20.3 ± 2.4 mm) and STT (15.0 ± 1.6 mm, 15.4 ± 1.7 mm and 14.7 ± 1.5 mm), showing no significant difference in all skin folds. When comparing the results mean difference between the evaluators of 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively, for STP, STA and STT, no showing significant difference. In conclusion, the results in the comparison of skin fold measurements in the intra-rater and inter-rater evaluation, a high correlation (r = 0.91-0.99, p &lt;0.01) could be observed for all skin folds. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed a good intra-rater reliability and inter-rater in the measurements of skin folds in university men

Integration of decision support systems to improve decision support performance

Decision support system (DSS) is a well-established research and development area. Traditional isolated, stand-alone DSS has been recently facing new challenges. In order to improve the performance of DSS to meet the challenges, research has been actively carried out to develop integrated decision support systems (IDSS). This paper reviews the current research efforts with regard to the development of IDSS. The focus of the paper is on the integration aspect for IDSS through multiple perspectives, and the technologies that support this integration. More than 100 papers and software systems are discussed. Current research efforts and the development status of IDSS are explained, compared and classified. In addition, future trends and challenges in integration are outlined. The paper concludes that by addressing integration, better support will be provided to decision makers, with the expectation of both better decisions and improved decision making processes

Ações do Projeto “Ações Construtivas do Conhecimento Químico” e Suas Contribuições Pedagógicas na Cidade de Manaus - AM

NESTE TRABALHO SÃO RELATADAS AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES QUE O PROJETO AÇÕES CONSTRUTIVAS DO CONHECIMENTOQUÍMICO NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS TROUXE PARA A VIDA ESCOLAR DOS ESTUDANTES DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS, SUBRETUDO EM SUA CAPITAL, MANAUS. O PROJETO ACONTECE DESDE OUTUBRO DE 2011, EM 7 ESCOLAS-SEDE, CONTEMPLANDO TODAS AS REGIÕES GEOGRÁFICAS DO MUNICÍPIO. 300 ESTUDANTES, DO PRIMEIRO E SEGUNDO ANO DO ENSINO MÉDIO, ORIUNDOS DE 20 ESCOLAS, SÃO ATENDIDOS PELO PROJETO. AS AULAS SÃO MINISTRADAS POR LICENCIANDOS E BACHARÉIS EM QUÍMICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS, E QUE SÃO ORIENTADOS POR SUPERVISORES LICENCIADOS E COM ATUAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA. O PROJETO AINDA CONTA COM UMA COORDENAÇÃO NACIONAL E OUTRA NO AMAZONAS, COM AULAS SEMANAIS NAS ESCOLAS-SEDE E REUNIÕES DA EQUIPE NA UFAM. AS ATIVIDADES PERMITEM TRABALHAR SIMULTANEAMENTE FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DE ENSINO MÉDIO, ALÉM DO APROFUNDAMENTO EM QUÍMICA QUE OS ALUNOS DE ENSINO MÉDIO DE TODAS AS REGIÕES DE MANAUS TÊM ACESSO. NESTE TRABALHO RELATAMOS, SOBRETUDO, O IMPACTO DAS AÇÕES NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOS MONITORE

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected