Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment : study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial

Background: Osteopathic medicine is based on a diagnostic and therapeutic system to treat tissue mobility/ motility dysfunctions in general, using different approaches (depending on the target tissue) known as osteopathic manipulative treatment. Among the available techniques those ones addressed to the cranial field are the most questioned because of the lack of scientific evidence; but the compression of the 4th ventricle technique has been largely studied in clinical trials. Studies have shown that the technique may affect both central and autonomous nervous system, modulating some reflexes (Traube-Hering baro signal), and modifying brain cortex electrical activity through central sensitization in subjects with chronic low back pain. Thus, investigators hypothesize that the compression of the 4th ventricle may modulate peak alpha frequency (eletroencephalographic assessment) and promote physical relaxation in subjects in vigil. Methods/Design: A randomized, controlled crossover trial with blinded assessor was designed to test the hypothesis. A total of 81 participants will be assigned to three treatment conditions, with seven days of washout: (I) compression of the 4th ventricle; (II) sham compression of the fourth ventricle; (III) control (no intervention). The (I) power amplitude and the (II) frequencies of the dominant peak in the alpha band will be the primary outcome measures of the study. All participants will be recruited at the Outpatient Rehabilitation Service of the University Hospital of Brasília – University of Brasília. All the electroencephalographic exams will be conducted by a blinded assessor. Discussion: The investigators hypothesize that patients with chronic low back pain submitted to the technique would have the peak alpha frequency modulated and, thus, would experience physical relaxation

Evaluation of the suberin presence in baby carrot, during the cooled conservation

[POR] Objetivou-se avaliar histoquimicamente a formação de periderme em minicenoura submetida à imersão em suspensão utilizada para revestimento comestível à base de amido e quitosana. Cenouras cv. Esplanada colhidas aos 90 dias, processadas na forma de minicenouras, foram imersas em suspensão contendo 3 % de amido de milho (m/v), 1,5 % de quitosana (m/v), 2 % de glicerol (v/v) e 0,4 % de ácido acético glacial (v/v). Foram mantidas sob ventilação por três horas, embaladas em bandejas de polipropileno envoltas com filme de polivinilcloreto e mantidas a 5±1 ºC. Aos 0; 10; 25 e 30 dias, amostras foram fixadas, desidratadas, incluídas em historresina ou não, cortadas em micrótomo manual, coradas com sudan Red B, montadas em lâminas e fotografadas. Minicenouras que não foram imersas em suspensão e cenouras com periderme, serviram como controle. Nas minicenouras não imersas em suspensão, foi nítido o esbranquecimento na superficie a partir do terceiro dia de conservação. Todavía, pouca diferença foi observada na perda de massa fresca entre minicenouras imersas em suspensão e não imersas. Nas avaliações microscópicas, observouse acúmulo de paredes celulares oriundas de células colapsadas e desidratadas na superfície de minicenoura com ou sem revestimento. Em minicenouras imersas na suspensão, foi observado, aos 30 dias, uma leve coloração avermelhada característica de reação positiva com sudan Red B. Todavía, isso parece estar relacionado com componentes do revestimento, uma vez que não se observou reação positiva na região das paredes celulares, onde é característico a presença de suberina, como foi evidenciado em cenouras intactas, com periderme. Portanto, não houve evidências para formação de suberina em minicenouras, com ou sem revestimento, durante o período de conservação estudado. Apoio financeiro: CAPES, CNPq e FAPEMIG. [ENG] Aimed to evaluate histoquimicamentley the presence of the periderm in baby carrot treated with edible antimicrobial coating base on a starch- chitosan matrix. Carrots of, Esplanada cultivar were harvested at 90 days after planting, were minimally processed in form of baby carrots and immersed in the suspension coating with on 3 % maiz starch (w/v) +2 % glycerol (v/v) + chitosan (1,5 %, w/v) and 0,4 % glacial acetic acid (v/v). All the samples were placed in extended polystyrene trays, wrapped in polyvinylchloride film and stored at 5±1 ºC for 12 or 15 days. At 0; 25 and 30 days, the sample were fixed, desidrated, historresin inclused our not, manual microtomo cuted, cored with red B sudan, monted in lamines and photographed. Baby carrot no immersed in suspension presented simptoms of white blush surface with 3 days of the conservation. Little difference was observed in the mass loss between immersed in suspension and not immersed baby carrots. In the microscopical evaluations, accumulation of cellular walls of colapsadas and dehydrated cells in the Surface of baby carrot with or without coating was observed. In immersed baby carrots in the suspension, it was observed, to the 30 days, a light colored coloration characteristic of positive reaction with sudan. This seems to be related with components of the coating, a time that did not observe positive reaction in the region of the cellular walls, where is characteristic the presence of suberina, as it was evidenced in unbroken carrots, with periderme. Therefore, it did not have evidences for formation of suberina in baby carrots, with or without coating, during the studied period of conservation.Os autores agradecem ao prof. Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos e estudantes pelo fornecimento da matéria-prima. À CAPES, CNPq e FAPEMIG pelo apoio financeiro

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXIX. absorção de macronutrientes por quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria spp.)

The aim of this work was to estimate the differences in growth (dry weight basis), nutrients uptake, fruits yield, total uptake and exportation of nutrients among several strawberry cultivars: Campinas (IAC-2712), Camanducaia (IAC-3530), Monte Alegre (IAC-3113) and SH-2. The experimental was carried out in the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", in field conditions, in 1975/76. The soil belongs to Terra Roxa Estruturada type, and "Luiz de Queiroz" serie. This soil has been cultivated for more than 25 years. The experimental design was that randomized blocks with four replications and analysed together following the design of split-plot. The soil of the plots were revolved to a deep of 12 cm following application of 10 kg organic matter/m². The fertilizers were applied in the groove and in the same amount for all cultivars: Ammonium sulfate (20% N), 10 g/m; triple superphosphate (20% P(2)0(5)) 10 g/m; Potassium cloride (60% K(2)0), 10 g/m. Therty days after planting, 10 g/plant of ammonium sulfate was applied. After 76 days from planting, the firsa sample was taken. Other samples were taken in equal intervals of 20 days, up to 216 days. When a decrease in fruitproduction was noted. The sample (plants) were divided in stems, leaves and fruits and chemical analysis were made for N, R, K, Ca, Mg e S. The variation on production (dry matter) nutrient uptake' and fruits yield, were obtained from data calculated by adjusted regression equation analysis. The maxima point from these equations were taken to show the total nutrient uptake. From the data obtained, the following conclusions could be drawn. Growth - The dry matter of stems, leaves and fruits were different among the cultivars. The production of dry matter by the stems and fruits were linnear for all cultivars up to 196 and 216 days. The highest productions on dry matter varied between 15 to 25 g and 12 to 20 g/plant. The maximum production of dry matter in the leaves among the cultivars varied between 20 to 30 g at 196 and 173 days respectivelly. The cultivars Campinas (IAC-2712) and Camanducaia (IAC-3530) produced more dry matter than SH-2 cultivar. Nutrient uptake -< The were differences on nutrient content in stems and leaves among cultivars (R, K, Ca, S, B) and in the fruits for N, R, K, Mg, S. The highest absorption of nutrients (days after planting) is shown in Table I. Yield - No significant difference in fruit production was observed among the cultivars. The highest yield among the cultivars showed a variation between 103 to 151 g per plant at the 207 and 207 days,Efetuou-se um estudo para avaliar a absorção e a extração dos macronutrientes nos seguintes cultivares de morangueiro: Campinas (IAC-2712); Camanducaia (IAC-3530) ; Monte Alegre (IAC-3113) e SH-2 em condições de campo. A instalação deu-se em um solo pertencente ao grande grupo Terra Roxa Estruturada, e à série "Luiz de Queiroz" cultivado intensivamente com hortaliças há mais de 25 anos, em Piracicaba-SP. A adubação aplicada foi uniforme para todos os cultivares. São apresentadas as concentrações dos macronutrientes em porcentagem nos seguintes órgãos: caules, folhas e frutos dos cultivares em função da idade (X) em dias. Constatou-se que os cultivares diferem quanto à absorção dos macronutrientes (R, K, Ca e S em relação a caules e folhas, e, N, R, K, Mg e S em relação aos frutos). Constatou-se também que os cultivares extraem totais diferentes de R, K, Ca, Mg e S sendo as extrações de R pelos cultivares menores do que as extrações de Ca e Mg, e no global as de Mg são equivalentes às de S. As quantidades máximas extraídas pelos cultivares para uma população de 150.000 plantas/ha foram : N - 192 kg; R - 24-50 kg; K - 133-244 kg; Ca - 76-116 kg; Mg - 30-34 kg; S - 13-27 kg. - A maior produção de matéria seca tanto nos órgãos como na planta inteira, ocorreu nos cultivares Campinas (IAC-2712) e Camanducaia (IAC-3530) e a menor produção verificou-se no cultivar SH-2. - Os cultivares diferem na absorção dos nutrientes: R, K, Ca, S para caules e folhas. E para frutos, N, R, K, Mg e S. - Os cultivares atingem o máximo da absorção de nutrientes nos órgãos nas seguintes épocas, em dias: - Os cultivares extraem e exportam totais diferentes de R, K, Ca e Mg. - Tanto os macronutrientes são extraídos em quantidades mais elevadas através das folhas e em menor proporção por caules e frutos. - As extrações de N, K e Ca são mais altas que aquelas dos demais macronutrientes. - As extrações de R pelos cultivares são menores que as de Ca e Mg, sendo ainda as extrações de Ca superiores às de Mg, enquanto no global as de Mg são equivalentes às de S. - A extração de macronutrientes verifica-se na ordem decrescente: K, N, Ca, Mg, S e P

Consenso brasileiro para o tratamento da esclerose múltipla : Academia Brasileira de Neurologia e Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla

O crescent arsenal terapêutico na esclerose múltipla (EM) tem permitido tratamentos mais efetivos e personalizados, mas a escolha e o manejo das terapias modificadoras da doença (TMDs) tem se tornado cada vez mais complexos. Neste contexto, especialistas do Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla e do Departamento Científico de Neuroimunologia da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia reuniram-se para estabelecer este Consenso Brasileiro para o Tratamento da EM, baseados no entendimento de que neurologistas devem ter a possibilidade de prescrever TMDs para EM de acordo com o que é melhor para cada paciente, com base em evidências e práticas atualizadas. Por meio deste documento, propomos recomendações práticas para o tratamento da EM, com foco principal na escolha e no manejo das TMDs, e revisamos os argumentos que embasam as estratégias de tratamento na EM.The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS

Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our understanding of the origin and diversification of many Neotropical taxa and biotic regions, many questions remain to be answered. Additional biological and geological data are still needed, as well as methodological advances that are capable of bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students and early-career scientists, we introduce the concept of "trans-disciplinary biogeography," which refers to the integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) and Earth and the physical sciences (e.g., geology, climatology, palaeontology), as a means to reconstruct the giant puzzle of Neotropical biodiversity and evolution in space and time. We caution against extrapolating results derived from the study of one or a few taxa to convey general scenarios of Neotropical evolution and landscape formation. We urge more coordination and integration of data and ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, as a basis for advancing tomorrow\u27s ground-breaking research. Our review highlights the great opportunities for studying the Neotropical biota to understand the evolution of life

Responses of Banana Prata Anã Minimally Processed and Preserved in Sucrose Solution with Passion Fruit Pulp

O presente trabalho objetivou ajustar o fluxograma do processamento mínimo da banana conservada em solução de sacarose com polpa de maracujá, assim como conhecer as alterações físicas, químicas, bioquímicas e fisiológicas e determinar o período de conservação da banana minimamente processada conservada na solução. O resfriamento da matéria-prima em câmara fria a 12 ºC, durante 4 horas, foi o tempo mínimo necessário para reduzir a temperatura da matéria-prima. Após o tratamento térmico da solução de sacarose, foi necessário resfriá-la a 5 ºC, por no mínimo 6 horas. As rodelas da banana conservadas em solução de sacarose com polpa de maracujá se apresentaram metabolicamente ativas durante 8 dias de conservação a 5 ºC. As rodelas de banana tiveram sinais de escurecimento 2 horas após o corte, logo, recomenda-se adicionar a solução após seu corte. Verificou-se que o sistema composto de 60 gramas de rodelas de banana e 115 mL de solução de sacarose (a 15 %) com polpa de maracujá minimizou alteração do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, da firmeza, da condutividade elétrica e reduziu o extravasamento de eletrólitos das rodelas da banana durante sua conservação. A presença da polpa de maracujá na solução foi importante para minimizar o escurecimento enzimático. Além disso, esse sistema reduziu o escurecimento enzimático, aumentou a taxa respiratória e praticamente não afetou a produção de etileno das rodelas da banana durante a conservação. Observou-se redução da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido das soluções/suspensão após 2 horas de conservação nessas soluções/suspensão. A atividade da álcool desidrogenase em rodelas de banana imersas em solução de sacarose com polpa de maracujá aumentou, evidenciando que o tecido estava em processo de fermentação. O sistema em estudo resultou em manutenção da qualidade de banana minimamente processada e apresentou vida útil de 8 dias a 5 ºC.The aim of this work was to adjust the flowchart of fresh-cut bananas stored in sucrose solution with passion fruit pulp, as well as to know about the physical changes, chemical, biochemical, and physiological and to determine the shelf life of minimally processed banana kept in the solution. The cooling of the raw material in a cold chamber at 12° C for 4 hours was the minimum necessary time to reduce its temperature. After thermal treatment of sucrose solution, it was necessary to cool it down to 5º C for at least 6 hours. The banana slices stored in sucrose solution with passion fruit pulp showed metabolically active for 8 days of storage at 5º C. The banana slices had signs of browning 2 hours after cutting, so it is recommended to add the solution, as soon as the bananas are cut. It was found that the composed system of 60 grams of sliced bananas and 115 ml of sucrose (15%) with passion fruit pulp, minimized change content of soluble solids, firmness, electrical conductivity and reduced the electrolyte leakage from banana slices during storage. The presence of the passion fruit pulp in the solution was important to minimize enzymatic browning. Furthermore, this system has reduced the enzymatic browning, increased respiratory rate and virtually did not affect the ethylene production of banana slices during storage. Reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration of the solutions/ suspension was observed, after 2 hours of storage in these solutions/ suspension. The activity of dehydrogenase alcohol in banana slices kept in sucrose solution with passion fruit pulp increased, indicating that the tissue was in the process of fermentation. The system under study resulted in maintaining the quality of minimally processed banana and presented shelf life of 8 days at 5° C.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic