Kajian Sistem Drainase Patukangan-pegulon Kabupaten Kendal

Kecamatan Patukangan – Pegulon adalah kawasan indsutri dan Perumahan yang berada di pusat Kota Kendal. Permasalahan banjir menyebabkan potensi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan tidak dapat berkembang. Sistem draianse yang tepat adalah salah satu alternatif untuk menanggulangi permasalahan banjir di wilayah Kecamatan Patukangan – Pegulon. Kajian sistem drainase meliputi perencanaan ulang dimensi saluran, pintu air, dan sistem pipa – pompa.Data curah hujan yang digunakan untuk Sungai Kendal adalah data curah hujan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2015 dengan menggunakan stasiun hujan Sedayu, Karangtengah, dan Kedugsari. Analisis debit banjir di Sungai Kendal menggunakan metode HSS Nakayasu dengan periode ulang 20 tahun dan diperoleh debit banjir sebesar 68,19 m3/s.. Analisis pengaruh backwater dari Laut Jawa menggunakan metode tahapan langsung. Pengaruh backwater hanya sampai pada jarak 5543,88 meter dari muara sungai. Jarak outlet saluran drainase dari muara sungai adalah 6096 meter, sehingga titik outlet tidak terpengaruh backwater.Debit banjir rencana pada saluran drainase didapatkan dengan rumus Mononobe dengan periode ulang 5 tahun dan diperoleh debit banjir rencana sebesar 4,8 m3/s. Berdasar debit banjir rencana ini, dimensi saluran drainase yang baru adalah : 1,0 x 1,0 m ; 0,9 x 0,7 m ; 0,7 x 0,7 m ; 0,8 x 0,7 m ; 1,6 x 1,5 m ; 1,0 x 0,7 m ; dan 1,3 x 1,0 m. Pintu air direncanakan pada titik outlet saluran karena elevasi muka air Sungai Kendal lebih tinggi dibandingkan elevasi muka air di saluran drainase, dengan elevasi muka air Sungai Kendal + 5,9 m dan elevasi muka air saluran drainase adalah + 4,63 m. Dimensi pintu air yang direncanakan adalah 1,6 x 1,5 m. Sistem pipa - pompa direncanakan berjumlah 3 buah dengan kapasitas tiap pompa adalah 2,0 m3/s dan diameter pipa adalah 0,5 m

Effective Edge-Fault-Tolerant Single-Source Spanners via Best (or Good) Swap Edges

Computing \emph{all best swap edges} (ABSE) of a spanning tree $T$ of a given $n$-vertex and $m$-edge undirected and weighted graph $G$ means to select, for each edge $e$ of $T$, a corresponding non-tree edge $f$, in such a way that the tree obtained by replacing $e$ with $f$ enjoys some optimality criterion (which is naturally defined according to some objective function originally addressed by $T$). Solving efficiently an ABSE problem is by now a classic algorithmic issue, since it conveys a very successful way of coping with a (transient) \emph{edge failure} in tree-based communication networks: just replace the failing edge with its respective swap edge, so as that the connectivity is promptly reestablished by minimizing the rerouting and set-up costs. In this paper, we solve the ABSE problem for the case in which $T$ is a \emph{single-source shortest-path tree} of $G$, and our two selected swap criteria aim to minimize either the \emph{maximum} or the \emph{average stretch} in the swap tree of all the paths emanating from the source. Having these criteria in mind, the obtained structures can then be reviewed as \emph{edge-fault-tolerant single-source spanners}. For them, we propose two efficient algorithms running in $O(m n +n^2 \log n)$ and $O(m n \log \alpha(m,n))$ time, respectively, and we show that the guaranteed (either maximum or average, respectively) stretch factor is equal to 3, and this is tight. Moreover, for the maximum stretch, we also propose an almost linear $O(m \log \alpha(m,n))$ time algorithm computing a set of \emph{good} swap edges, each of which will guarantee a relative approximation factor on the maximum stretch of $3/2$ (tight) as opposed to that provided by the corresponding BSE. Surprisingly, no previous results were known for these two very natural swap problems.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, SIROCCO 201

Mass and charge identification of fragments detected with the Chimera Silicon-CsI(Tl) telescopes

Mass and charge identification of charged products detected with Silicon-CsI(Tl) telescopes of the Chimera apparatus is presented. An identification function, based on the Bethe-Bloch formula, is used to fit empirical correlation between Delta E and E ADC readings, in order to determine, event by event, the atomic and mass numbers of the detected charged reaction products prior to energy calibration.Comment: 24 pages, 7 .jpg figures, submitted to Nucl.Instr.

The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 201

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201

A ‘quiet revolution’? The impact of Training Schools on initial teacher training partnerships

This paper discusses the impact on initial teacher training of a new policy initiative in England: the introduction of Training Schools. First, the Training School project is set in context by exploring the evolution of a partnership approach to initial teacher training in England. Ways in which Training Schools represent a break with established practice are considered together with their implications for the dominant mode of partnership led by higher education institutions (HEIs). The capacity of Training Schools to achieve their own policy objectives is examined, especially their efficacy as a strategy for managing innovation and the dissemination of innovation. The paper ends by focusing on a particular Training School project which has adopted an unusual approach to its work and enquires whether this alternative approach could offer a more profitable way forward. During the course of the paper, five different models of partnership are considered: collaborative, complementary, HEI-led, school-led and partnership within a partnership

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic