Defining a scenario for Enterprise 2.0 by 2020 in Spain

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es desarrollar un estudio prospectivo sobre el uso de la tecnología Web 2.0 en las empresas españolas para el año 2020 con el propósito de explicar aquellos factores que estimulan u obstaculizan la implantación de esta tecnología. Partiendo de este objetivo, hemos definido un marco teórico de la Empresa 2.0 donde se define qué es la Empresa 2.0, sus características y principales ventajas. La metodología aplicada ha sido el método Delphi de dos rondas a través del cual se ha logrado defi- nir un escenario futuro para la Empresa 2.0. Se incluyen en este escenario el análisis de la difusión por zonas geográfica y sector, entre otras dimensiones. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la mayor difusión en el horizonte analizado se desarrollará en América del Norte. Además los sectores con mayor difusión serán el turismo y la educación. Finalmente, los expertos consideran que la mejora de la imagen corporativa es el principal factor crí- tico de éxito en la implantación de la Web 2.0 en las empresas, y la inexperiencia de los usuarios es considerado como aquel factor que dificultará en mayor medida la implantaciónThe aim of this article is to build a forecasting study about the use of Web 2.0 tech- nologies in Spanish companies by 2020 in order to explain which factors stimulate or block the implementation of this type of technologies.Based on this objective, we have defined a theoretical background for Enterprise 2.0 with the intention of analyzing concepts, features, as well as advan- tages. We have applied the Delphi method, based on two rounds. With this method, we have reached a future scenario for Enterprise 2.0. Variables regarding the different geographical regions and indus- tries have been used to analyze the diffusion of Web 2.0 technology in companies. As a result of the research, it should be emphasized that the use of Web 2.0 technologies would be increased in North American companies. Furthermore, tourism and education are bound to expand their techno- logies. Finally, it is believed that the benefits on the corporate image is the main critical success factor to implement the Web 2.0 technologies in companies, and the inexperienced users are more likely to difficult the implementatio

A crowdsourcing database for the copy-number variation of the spanish population

Background: Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants. Results: Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: http://csvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/spacnacs/. Conclusion: SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database.This work is supported by Grants PID2020-117979RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; by the Institute of Health Carlos III (project IMPaCT-Data, exp. IMP/00019, IMP/00009 and PI20/01305), co-funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, “A way to make Europe”)

Influence of country and city images on students’ perception of host universities and their satisfaction with the assigned destination for their exchange programmes

ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the effect that country image, city image and university image has on students’ a priori satisfaction with the assigned destination for their international exchange programme (Bachelor and Master). In particular, this study establishes six hypotheses related to the causal relationships among the different typologies of image and their effects on students’ satisfaction with the assigned destination to study at least one semester in a host university. In order to contrast these hypotheses, a quantitative research was carried out in the Spanish city of Santander (Spain), by obtaining a sample of 245 international students who participated in an exchange programme at the University of Cantabria. The research findings are: (1) students’ satisfaction with the assigned destination is positively influenced by the university image; (2) the university image is positively influenced by the city image; and (3) the city image is positively influenced by the country image

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials based on Fe50Co50 and Fe75Co25

Atualmente, os materiais magnéticos nano-estruturados são de grande interesse para a pesquisa básica do magnetismo e em aplicações tecnológicas. O interesse radica no tamanho nanométrico das partículas, sendo que o tamanho repercute em suas propriedades magnéticas. Os materiais magnéticos nano-estruturados a base de FeCo contam com as melhores propriedades magnéticas brandas, úteis em potenciais aplicações em equipamentos e dispositivos de armazenagem de informação. Neste trabalho, sintetizamos materiais magnéticos nano-estruturados a base de Fe50Co50 y Fe75Co25 pelo método de ligação mecânica. Estudou-se a influência da composição e do tempo de moagem na morfologia, estrutura e propriedades magnéticas dos pós nano-estruturados por meio da difração dos raios X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Barrido (SEM) e Magnetometria de Amostra Vibrante. Os resultados da difração de raios X confirmaram a fase nano-estruturada de Fe cúbica centrada no corpo com um tamanho de cristalito de aproximadamente 13.6 nm para o Fe50Co50 e de 22 nm para o Fe75Co25, depois de 30 h de moagem, e a análise por SEM mostrou a evolução da morfologia das partículas de pó e a estrutura laminar. Obteve-se uma magnetização de saturação (Ms) máxima de 275 emu/g para o Fe75Co25 moído 30 h.Actualmente, los materiales magnéticos nanoestructurados son de gran interés en la investigación básica del magnetismo y en aplicaciones tecnológicas. El interés radica en el tamaño nanométrico de las partículas, lo cual repercute en sus propiedades magnéticas. Los materiales magnéticos nanoestructurados a base de FeCo tienen las mejores propiedades magnéticas blandas, útiles en potenciales aplicaciones en equipos y dispositivos de almacenamiento de información. En este trabajo, se sintetizaron materiales magnéticos nanoestructurados a base de Fe50Co50 y Fe75Co25 por el método de aleado mecánico. Se estudió la influencia de la composición y del tiempo de molienda en la morfología, estructura y propiedades magnéticas de los polvos nanoestructurados por medio de la difracción de rayos X, Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) y Magnetometría de Muestra Vibrante (VSM). Los resultados de difracción de rayos X confirmaron la fase nanoestructurada de Fe cúbica centrada en el cuerpo con un tamaño de cristalito cerca de 13.6 nm para el Fe50Co50 y de 22 nm para el Fe75Co25 después de 30 h de molienda, y el análisis por SEM mostró la evolución de la morfología de las partículas de polvo y la estructura laminar. Se obtuvo una magnetización de saturación (Ms) máxima de 275 emu/g para el Fe75Co25 molido 30 h.Nowadays, nanostructured magnetic materials are of great interest both in basic research on magnetism and in technological applications. The interest lies in the nanometric particle size, which affects their magnetic properties. Nanostructured magnetic materials based on FeCo have relevant soft magnetic properties, useful in potential applications in information storage equipment and devices. In this paper, nanostructured materials based on Fe50Co50 and Fe75Co25 were synthesized using the mechanical alloying method. The influence that the composition and milling time have on the morphology, structure and magnetic properties of nanostructured powders was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). After 30 h milling, X-ray diffraction results confirmed a body-centred cubic nanostructured Fe phase with a crystallite size of about 13.6 nm for Fe50Co50 and 22 nm for Fe75Co25, and SEM analysis showed the morphology evolution of the powder particles and the lamellar structure. A maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) of 275 emu/g was obtained for Fe75Co25 which had been milled for 30 h

Síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo: pautas actualizadas para la conducta clínica

Hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their etiology is complex, multifactorial and not yet fully understood; however, there is recent evidence that the symptoms are attributable to an excessive inflammatory response causing widespread endothelial damage. During the last few years, our understanding of these entities has progressed, leading to modified definitions and diagnostic criteria for hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy. Although it is possible to control blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs and prevent seizures with magnesium sulfate, for the time being the only definitive treatment for preeclampsia and eclampsia remains scheduled, often premature, delivery. This study provides updated guidelines for early diagnosis and timely treatment of the different types of hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy.Los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo constituyen una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal en todo el mundo. Su etiología es compleja, multifactorial y aún no se comprende completamente; sin embargo, existe evidencia reciente de que los síntomas son atribuibles a una respuesta inflamatoria excesiva que causa daño endotelial generalizado. Durante los últimos años, la comprensión sobre estas entidades ha progresado, lo que ha llevado a modificar las definiciones y los criterios diagnósticos de los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo. Aunque es posible controlar la presión arterial con fármacos antihipertensivos y prevenir las convulsiones con sulfato de magnesio, por el momento el único tratamiento definitivo para la preeclampsia y la eclampsia continúa siendo el parto programado, a menudo prematuro. Este estudio proporciona pautas actualizadas para el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno de los distintos tipos de síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo

First insights into the fecal bacterial microbiota of the black–tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Janos, Mexico

Primeros datos sobre la microbiota bacteriana fecal del perrito de las praderas de cola negra (Cynomys ludovicianus) en Janos, México Las bacterias intestinales son un indicador importante de la salud de su hospedero y la incorporación de una evaluación periódica de la composición taxonómica de estos microorganismos en los planes de gestión y conservación puede ser una herramienta valiosa para detectar cambios que puedan poner en peligro la supervivencia de las poblaciones amenazadas. En este estudio describimos la diversidad y abundancia de las bacterias fecales de una especie amenazada, el perrito de la pradera de cola negra (Cynomys ludovicianus), en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Janos, en Chihuahua, México. Se analizaron muestras fecales mediante secuenciación masiva de siguiente generación y se amplificó la región V3–V4 del gen que codifica el ARNr 16S utilizando la tecnología Illumina. Los resultados se analizaron con QIIME a partir de la referencia EzBioCloud. Se identificaron 12 filos, 22 clases, 33 órdenes, 54 familias y 263 géneros. Los filos Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes, que fueron los grupos más abundantes, se asocian con comunidades intestinales saludables y una alta eficiencia en la dieta energética. La mayoría de los géneros bacterianos detectados en este estudio para C. ludovicianus no son patógenos y se encuentran habitualmente en las heces de mamíferos. Algunas de las otras bacterias están asociadas al suelo, el agua y las plantas, posiblemente en relación con el hábitat del perrito de las praderas de cola negra. Este es el primer estudio que reporta las bacterias fecales de C. ludovicianus en México y que proporciona un punto de referencia para determinar la salud de esta especie con vistas a utilizar esta información en estrategias de conservación a largo plazo.Intestinal bacteria are an important indicator of the health of their host. Incorporating periodic assessment of the taxonomic composition of these microorganisms into management and conservation plans can be a valuable tool to detect changes that may jeopardize the survival of threatened populations. Here we describe the diversity and abundance of fecal bacteria for the black–tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), a threatened species, in the Janos Biosphere Reserve, Chihuahua, Mexico. We analyzed fecal samples through next generation massive sequencing and amplified the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina technology. The results were analyzed with QIIME based on the EzBioCloud reference. We identified 12 phyla, 22 classes, 33 orders, 54 families and 263 genera. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant groups and are associated with healthy intestinal communities and high efficiency in the energy diet. Most of the bacterial genera reported here for C. ludovicianus are not pathogenic and are normally found in mammalian feces. Some of the other bacteria are associated with soil, water and plants, possibly in relation to the habitat of the black– tailed prairie dog. This is the first study to report the fecal bacteria of C. ludovicianus in Mexico and it provides a baseline for determining this species’ health for use in long–term conservation strategies.Primeros datos sobre la microbiota bacteriana fecal del perrito de las praderas de cola negra (Cynomys ludovicianus) en Janos, México Las bacterias intestinales son un indicador importante de la salud de su hospedero y la incorporación de una evaluación periódica de la composición taxonómica de estos microorganismos en los planes de gestión y conservación puede ser una herramienta valiosa para detectar cambios que puedan poner en peligro la supervivencia de las poblaciones amenazadas. En este estudio describimos la diversidad y abundancia de las bacterias fecales de una especie amenazada, el perrito de la pradera de cola negra (Cynomys ludovicianus), en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Janos, en Chihuahua, México. Se analizaron muestras fecales mediante secuenciación masiva de siguiente generación y se amplificó la región V3–V4 del gen que codifica el ARNr 16S utilizando la tecnología Illumina. Los resultados se analizaron con QIIME a partir de la referencia EzBioCloud. Se identificaron 12 filos, 22 clases, 33 órdenes, 54 familias y 263 géneros. Los filos Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes, que fueron los grupos más abundantes, se asocian con comunidades intestinales saludables y una alta eficiencia en la dieta energética. La mayoría de los géneros bacterianos detectados en este estudio para C. ludovicianus no son patógenos y se encuentran habitualmente en las heces de mamíferos. Algunas de las otras bacterias están asociadas al suelo, el agua y las plantas, posiblemente en relación con el hábitat del perrito de las praderas de cola negra. Este es el primer estudio que reporta las bacterias fecales de C. ludovicianus en México y que proporciona un punto de referencia para determinar la salud de esta especie con vistas a utilizar esta información en estrategias de conservación a largo plazo

Analysis of HLA-B15 and HLA-B27 in spondyloarthritis with peripheral and axial clinical patterns

9 páginasAbstract Objective Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27 and HLA-B15 are associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recent Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria emphasise a distinction between SpA with axial and peripheral patterns. We analysed whether HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles could associate with these patterns. Methods We studied 100 healthy individuals and 178 patients with SpA according to European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria. Patients were then classified according to ASAS criteria, the axial spondyloarthritis pattern (axSpA) being defined by ascertained sacroiliitis and the peripheral pattern (pSpA) by enthesitis and/or arthritis in extremities. A combined ax/p pattern was also considered. Results Only HLA-B27 and HLA-B15 alleles were associated with SpA. ASAS criteria for axSpA were met in 152 patients (12 with isolated axSpA and 140 with a combined ax/p patterns). When the ASAS peripheral criteria were applied, 161 patients met these criteria (13 with isolated pSpA and 148 with a combined ax/p pattern). HLA-B27 was found in 83% of patients with axSpA and 43% of ax/pSpA patients according to axASAS. HLA-B27 occurred in 7% controls but not in any patient with isolated pSpA. HLA-B15 was encountered in 31% of patients with isolated pSpA and 20% of ax/pSpA patients according to pASAS criteria. Moreover, 2 healthy controls, but none of our patients with isolated axSpA were positive for HLA-B15. Conclusions Our data suggest that the presence of HLA-B15 favours the development of isolated/combined peripheral rather than isolated axSpA, while HLA-B27 promotes an isolated/combined axial disease and excludes a peripheral pattern. HLA-B15 should be considered in addition to HLA-B27 when diagnosing patients with SpA according to ASAS criteria