6 research outputs found

    Taxi Driver (1976) y Cruising (1980): perfiles del cruzado posindustrial en el cine neoyorquino de la década del setenta

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    Desde comienzos de la década del setenta, la guerra con Vietnam, el escándalo de Watergate, la recesión que en la posguerra puso fin a la expansión económica. El sueño americano, sólidamente incrustado en el colectivo estadounidense, parecía más inalcanzable que nunca. Este escepticismo hallará su escenificación en todos los ámbitos de la cultura, con el cine ocupando un lugar preponderante. En esta ponencia se plantea una lectura comparativa entre Taxi Driver (1976) de Martin Scorsese y Cruising (1980) de William Friedkin. Los protagonistas de ambas películas se construyen como cruzados posindustriales dentro del submundo de la Nueva York de los setenta que demostró en los tugurios nocturnos la corrupción de ese sueño. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los periplos morales de ambos personajes parezcan en primera instancia paralelos, en realidad, avanzan en direcciones distintas: sus caminos se interceptan sólo en la katabasis (el descenso al repertorio de geografías ocultas de la ciudad: los bares leather gay, los cines porno, los rincones más oscuros del Central Park), pero sus motivaciones y resoluciones son diametralmente opuestas. Mientras que Travis Bickle, el veterano de guerra, se purifica al devenir vigilante, Steve Burns, el policía, se degrada para ascender en el cursus honorum del precinto. Haremos uso de herramientas de la narratología (Greimas) y nociones provenientes de la filosofía del cine de Ángel Faretta, en especial sus estudios sobre la representación del mal en el cine neoyorquino de la década del setenta.Taxi Driver (1976) And Cruising (1980): Sides of the Post-industrial Crusader in New York Cinema During the SeventiesAbstractDuring the early seventies, the Vietnam War, the Watergate Scandal, the recession that in the post-war era put an end to the economic expansion, the unemployment, the gentrification and the resulting precarity in the big cities started to discolor the national ethos of the old United States. The American dream, sturdily embedded in the country’s collective psyche, seemed more out of reach than ever. This skepticism would find its staging in all cultural fields, with cinema leading the scene. This paper outlines a comparative reading between Taxi Driver (1976) by Martin Scorsese and Cruising (1980) by William Friedkin. The main characters in both films are built as post-industrial crusaders within New York’s underworld in the seventies that showed in its nocturnal slums the corruption of that dream. Despite the fact that both characters’ moral journey would seem parallel at first glance they actually progress in different directions: their paths only cross in the katabasis (the descent to the repertoire of the city’s hidden geographies: the leather gay bars, the porn theaters and the darkest corners of the Central Park), but their motivations and destinations are diametrically opposite: while Travis Bickle, the war veteran, purifies himself by choosing the vigilante’s path, Steve Burns, the cop, breaks bad in order to climb up the precinct’s cursus honorum. We will resort to tools of narratology (Greimas) and notions derived from Ángel Farettas’s philosophy of film—especially, his studies about the representation of evil in New York cinema during the seventies. Keywords: New York cinema, 70s, narratolog

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

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    PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

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    PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

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    Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

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    Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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    BACKGROUND: Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. METHODS: This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas
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