Eine Analyse von Alphabetisierungsmaterialien für Erwachsene im DaZ-Unterricht

Zehn Alphabetisierungsmaterialien bzw. -lehrwerke werden hinsichtlich Buchstabenprogression, Sprachvermittlung (Grammatik, Wortschaftz, Lexik, Phonetik, Fertigkeiten), Layout und Interkulturalität analysiert und bewertet

Das ‚Junge Forum‘ als Format der Nachwuchsförderung. Ein Beitrag zu Professionalisierung, Netzwerkbildung und Kooperativem Lernen

Im Mai 2012 fand in Hamburg erstmals das "Junge Forum Hochschul- und Mediendidaktik“ statt, im Juni 2013 folgte in Potsdam die zweite Auflage als "Junges Forum Medien und Hochschulentwicklung“. 2014 wurde das dritte "Forum“ in Dresden und 2015 das vierte in Düsseldorf ausgerichtet. Das fünfte Forum wird 2016 an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt stattfinden. Initiiert und organisiert wird die Veranstaltung stets von jungen Praktikerinnen und Praktikern sowie Forscherinnen und Forschern mit dem Ziel, dem ‚Nachwuchs‘ in diesem Bereich ein Austauschforum zu geben. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die konzeptionellen Überlegungen vor, die hinter diesen Treffen stehen. Er zeigt im Rückgriff auf Netzwerktheorie und aktuelle Diskussionen um Professionalisierung und Third Space, wieso für dieses Format ein aktueller Bedarf besteht, und begründet dann im Rückgriff auf didaktische Konzepte auch die methodische Gestaltung der Veranstaltungen. Die These: Das kooperative Lernen in Netzwerken ist ein wichtiger Baustein für die Professionalisierung des hochschul- und mediendidaktischen Nachwuchses. (DIPF/Orig.

Identification of Novel Genetic Loci Associated with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Clinical Thyroid Disease

Peer reviewe

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Dictyostelium discoideum as a Novel Host System to Study the Interaction between Phagocytes and Yeasts

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a well-established model organism to study the interaction between bacteria and phagocytes. In contrast, research using D. discoideum as a host model for fungi is rare. We describe a comprehensive study, which uses D. discoideum as a host model system to investigate the interaction with apathogenic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and pathogenic (Candida sp.) yeast. We show that Dictyostelium can be co-cultivated with yeasts on solid media, offering a convenient test to study the interaction between fungi and phagocytes. We demonstrate that a number of D. discoideum mutants increase (atg1−, kil1−, kil2−) or decrease (atg6−) the ability of the amoebae to predate yeast cells. On the yeast side, growth characteristics, reduced phagocytosis rate, as well as known virulence factors of C. albicans (EFG1, CPH1, HGC1, ICL1) contribute to the resistance of yeast cells against predation by the amoebae. Investigating haploid C. albicans strains, we suggest using the amoebae plate test for screening purposes after random mutagenesis. Finally, we discuss the potential of our adapted amoebae plate test to use D. discoideum for risk assessment of yeast strains

Pbx1 is required for adult subventricular zone neurogenesis.

TALE-homeodomain proteins function as components of heteromeric complexes that contain one member each of the PBC and MEIS/PREP subclasses. We recently showed that MEIS2 cooperates with the neurogenic transcription factor PAX6 in the control of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis in rodents. Expression of the PBC protein PBX1 in the SVZ has been reported, but its functional role(s) has not been investigated. Using a genetic loss-of-function mouse model, we now show that Pbx1 is an early regulator of SVZ neurogenesis. Targeted deletion of Pbx1 by retroviral transduction of Cre recombinase into Pbx2-deficient SVZ stem and progenitor cells carrying floxed alleles of Pbx1 significantly reduced the production of neurons and increased the generation of oligodendrocytes. Loss of Pbx1 expression in neuronally committed neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream in a Pbx2 null background, by contrast, severely compromised cell survival. By chromatin immunoprecipitation from endogenous tissues or isolated cells, we further detected PBX1 binding to known regulatory regions of the neuron-specific genes Dcx and Th days or even weeks before the respective genes are expressed during the normal program of SVZ neurogenesis, suggesting that PBX1 might act as a priming factor to mark these genes for subsequent activation. Collectively, our results establish that PBX1 regulates adult neural cell fate determination in a manner beyond that of its heterodimerization partner MEIS2

Erfassung inzidenter kardiovaskulärer und metabolischer Erkrankungen in epidemiologischen Kohortenstudien in Deutschland

Hintergrund: Kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Erkrankungen sind häufige Ursachen für Mortalität und Verlust von Lebensqualität in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Zur Erforschung von Risikofaktoren sind populationsbasierte Kohortenstudien notwendig. Für deren Aussagekraft ist die vollständige und valide Erfassung der Endpunkte ein zentraler Aspekt. Fragestellung: Ziel war es, derzeit in Deutschland durchgeführte populationsbasierte Kohortenstudien mit bereits erreichten inzidenten kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Erkrankungen (Herzinfarkt, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Schlaganfall, Herzinsuffizienz und arterielle Hypertonie) zu identifizieren und methodische Aspekte der Erfassung und Klassifikation in diesen Studien zusammenzutragen. Methoden: Über die Arbeitsgruppe „Epidemiologie der Herz-Kreislauf- und Stoffwechsel-Erkrankungen“ wurden deutsche bevölkerungsbasierte Kohortenstudien mit bereits erreichten inzidenten kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Erkrankungen identifiziert. Vertretende Personen dieser Studien wurden im Rahmen eines Workshops eingeladen, ihre Vorgehensweise vorzustellen und im Nachgang systematisch zu ergänzen und aufzubereiten. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 8 Studien aus verschiedenen Regionen mit insgesamt 100.571 Teilnehmern und einer Altersspanne von 18–83 Jahren identifiziert. Die Selbstauskunft der Studienteilnehmenden ist die wichtigste Quelle zur Veranlassung weiterer Recherchen zur Erfassung der Endpunkte in diesen Studien. Die Selbstangaben werden in allen 8 Studien mithilfe verschiedener Informationen aus anderen Datenquellen, z. B. Unterlagen von behandelnden Ärzten oder Kliniken, ergänzt und abschließend bewertet. Diskussion: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen die zentrale Bedeutung der Selbstauskunft und den Aufwand der erforderlichen Validierung der Endpunkte. Künftige Studien können diese Informationen in der Planung berücksichtigen und standardisieren

Frequent detection of PIK3CA

Modern technologies enable detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood samples. Thus, CTC have attracted interest as markers for therapeutic response in breast cancer. First studies have incorporated CTC analyses to guide therapeutic interventions and stratification of breast cancer patients. Aim of this study was to analyze characteristic features of CTC as biomarker for predicting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies. Therefore, CTC from metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2‐negative primary tumors screened for the prospective randomized phase III trial DETECT III were explored for their HER2 status and the presence of PIK3CA mutations. Detection and characterization of HER2 expression of CTC were conducted with the CellSearch® system. Fifteen of 179 CTC‐positive patients (8.4%) contained ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 expression. Genomic DNA from individual CTC isolated by micromanipulation was propagated by whole genome amplification and analyzed for PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 by Sanger sequencing. One or more CTC/7.5 mL were detected in 179/290 patients (61.7%). In 109 patients (34.8%), ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL were found. We detected at least one CTC with the mutation p.E542K, p.E545K, p.H1047R, p.H1047L or p.M1043V in 12/33 patients (36.4%). Thirty six of 114 CTC (31.6%) harbored one of these mutations. CTC in individual patients exhibited heterogeneity concerning PIK3CA mutations and HER2 expression. In conclusion, clinically relevant genomic aberrations such as mutations in the hotspot regions of exon 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene can be detected in single CTC and might provide insights into mechanisms of resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies

Cytokine Hemoadsorption During Cardiac Surgery Versus Standard Surgical Care for Infective Endocarditis (REMOVE): Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery often represents the only treatment option in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, IE surgery may lead to a sudden release of inflammatory mediators, which is associated with postoperative organ dysfunction. We investigated the effect of hemoadsorption during IE surgery on postoperative organ dysfunction. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, nonblinded, controlled trial assigned patients undergoing cardiac surgery for IE to hemoadsorption (integration of CytoSorb to cardiopulmonary bypass) or control. The primary outcome (change in sequential organ failure assessment score [Delta SOFA]) was defined as the difference between the mean total postoperative SOFA score, calculated maximally to the 9th postoperative day, and the basal SOFA score. The analysis was by modified intention to treat. A predefined intergroup comparison was performed using a linear mixed model for Delta SOFA including surgeon and baseline SOFA score as fixed effect covariates and with the surgical center as random effect. The SOFA score assesses dysfunction in 6 organ systems, each scored from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate worsening dysfunction. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor and renal replacement therapy. Cytokines were measured in the first 50 patients. RESULTS: Between January 17, 2018, and January 31, 2020, a total of 288 patients were randomly assigned to hemoadsorption (n=142) or control (n=146). Four patients in the hemoadsorption and 2 in the control group were excluded because they did not undergo surgery. The primary outcome, Delta SOFA, did not differ between the hemoadsorption and the control group (1.79 +/- 3.75 and 1.93 +/- 3.53, respectively; 95% CI, -1.30 to 0.83; P=0.6766). Mortality at 30 days (21% hemoadsorption versus 22% control; P=0.782), duration of mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor and renal replacement therapy did not differ between groups. Levels of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18 at the end of integration of hemoadsorption to cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly lower in the hemoadsorption than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial failed to demonstrate a reduction in postoperative organ dysfunction through intraoperative hemoadsorption in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for IE. Although hemoadsorption reduced plasma cytokines at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, there was no difference in any of the clinically relevant outcome measures

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