261 research outputs found
Notes on Captive Sea Otters
Notes on the behaviour of three yearlings kept two and a half months in 1954 in a dry environment at Amchitka in the Aleutians. Their sleeping, preening, reaction to man and feeding habits, drinking, locomotion, handling, food and sociability voice, etc., are discussed in detail. Their anatomy and environment in captivity are also discussed: water for swimming was found desirable, if not necessary. Results of physiological investigations are reported by D.E. Stullken and C.M. Kirkpatrick, q.v
Discovery of a Bright Field Methane (T-type) Brown Dwarf by 2MASS
We report the discovery of a bright (J = 13.830.03) methane brown dwarf,
or T dwarf, by the Two Micron All Sky Survey. This object, 2MASSI
J0559191-140448, is the first brown dwarf identified by the newly commissioned
CorMASS instrument mounted on the Palomar 60-inch Telescope. Near-infrared
spectra from 0.9 - 2.35 \micron show characteristic CH bands at 1.1, 1.3,
1.6, and 2.2 \micron, which are significantly shallower than those seen in
other T dwarfs discovered to date. Coupled with the detection of an FeH band at
0.9896 \micron and two sets of K I doublets at J-band, we propose that 2MASS
J0559-14 is a warm T dwarf, close to the transition between L and T spectral
classes. The brightness of this object makes it a good candidate for detailed
investigation over a broad wavelength regime and at higher resolution.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted to AJ for publication August
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A Study of the Diverse T Dwarf Population Revealed by WISE
We report the discovery of 87 new T dwarfs uncovered with the Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and three brown dwarfs with extremely red
near-infrared colors that exhibit characteristics of both L and T dwarfs. Two
of the new T dwarfs are likely binaries with L7+/-1 primaries and mid-type T
secondaries. In addition, our follow-up program has confirmed 10 previously
identified T dwarfs and four photometrically-selected L and T dwarf candidates
in the literature. This sample, along with the previous WISE discoveries,
triples the number of known brown dwarfs with spectral types later than T5.
Using the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog we present updated color-color and
color-type diagrams for all the WISE-discovered T and Y dwarfs. Near-infrared
spectra of the new discoveries are presented, along with spectral
classifications. To accommodate later T dwarfs we have modified the integrated
flux method of determining spectral indices to instead use the median flux.
Furthermore, a newly defined J-narrow index differentiates the early-type Y
dwarfs from late-type T dwarfs based on the J-band continuum slope. The K/J
indices for this expanded sample show that 32% of late-type T dwarfs have
suppressed K-band flux and are blue relative to the spectral standards, while
only 11% are redder than the standards. Comparison of the Y/J and K/J index to
models suggests diverse atmospheric conditions and supports the possible
re-emergence of clouds after the L/T transition. We also discuss peculiar brown
dwarfs and candidates that were found not to be substellar, including two Young
Stellar Objects and two Active Galactic Nuclei. The coolest WISE-discovered
brown dwarfs are the closest of their type and will remain the only sample of
their kind for many years to come.Comment: Accepted to ApJS on 15 January 2013; 99 pages in preprint format, 30
figures, 12 table
Possible role of human herpesvirus 8 in the lymphoproliferative disorders in common variable immunodeficiency
Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and granulomatous/lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) are at high risk for early mortality and B cell lymphomas. Infection with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8), a B cell lymphotrophic virus, is linked to lymphoproliferative disorders in people who have secondary immunodeficiencies. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of HHV8 infection in CVID patients with GLILD. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was screened by nested- and real time-quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) for the presence of HHV8 genome. It was positive in 6/9 CVID patients with GLILD (CVID-GLILD), 1/21 CVID patients without GLILD (CVID-control), and no patients receiving intravenous gamma globulin (n = 13) or normal blood donors (n = 20). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated expression of the latency-associated nuclear antigen-1 (LANA-1) in the biopsies of the lung, liver, and bone marrow of four patients with CVID-GLILD. One CVID-GLILD patient developed a B cell lymphoma during the course of the study. QRT-PCR demonstrated high copy number of HHV8 genome and IHC showed diffuse staining for LANA-1 in the malignant lymph node. HHV8 infection may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the interstitial lung disease and lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with CVID
The Discovery of Y Dwarfs Using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
We present the discovery of seven ultracool brown dwarfs identified with the
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Near-infrared spectroscopy reveals
deep absorption bands of H_2O and CH_4 that indicate all seven of the brown
dwarfs have spectral types later than UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, the latest type
T dwarf currently known. The spectrum of WISEP J182831.08+265037.8 is distinct
in that the heights of the J- and H-band peaks are approximately equal in units
of f_lambda, so we identify it as the archetypal member of the Y spectral
class. The spectra of at least two of the other brown dwarfs exhibit absorption
on the blue wing of the H-band peak that we tentatively ascribe to NH_3. These
spectral morphological changes provide a clear transition between the T dwarfs
and the Y dwarfs. In order to produce a smooth near-infrared spectral sequence
across the T/Y dwarf transition, we have reclassified UGPS J0722-0540 as the T9
spectral standard and tentatively assign WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 as the Y0
spectral standard. In total, six of the seven new brown dwarfs are classified
as Y dwarfs: four are classified as Y0, one is classified as Y0 (pec?), and
WISEP J1828+2650 is classified as >Y0. We have also compared the spectra to the
model atmospheres of Marley and Saumon and infer that the brown dwarfs have
effective temperatures ranging from 300 K to 500 K, making them the coldest
spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs known to date.Comment: Submitted June 11 and accepted August 2 for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
Design and Effectiveness of a Required Pre-Clinical Simulation-based Curriculum for Fundamental Clinical Skills and Procedures
For more than 20 years, medical literature has increasingly documented the need for students to learn, practice and demonstrate competence in basic clinical knowledge and skills. In 2001, the Louisiana State University Health Science Centers (LSUHSC) School of Medicine – New Orleans replaced its traditional Introduction in to Clinical Medicine (ICM) course with the Science and Practice of Medicine (SPM) course. The main component within the SPM course is the Clinical Skills Lab (CSL). The CSL teaches 30 plus skills to all pre-clinical medical students (Years 1 and 2). Since 2002, an annual longitudinal evaluation questionnaire was distributed to all medical students targeting the skills taught in the CSL. Students were asked to rate their self- confidence (Dreyfus and Likert-type) and estimate the number of times each clinical skill was performed (clinically/non-clinically). Of the 30 plus skills taught, 8 were selected for further evaluation. An analysis was performed on the eight skills selected to determine the effectiveness of the CSL. All students that participated in the CSL reported a significant improvement in self-confidence and in number performed in the clinically/non-clinically setting when compared to students that did not experience the CSL. For example, without CSL training, the percentage of students reported at the end of their second year self-perceived expertise as “novice” ranged from 21.4% (CPR) to 84.7% (GU catheterization). Students who completed the two-years CSL, only 7.8% rated their self-perceived expertise at the end of the second year as “novice” and 18.8% for GU catheterization. The CSL design is not to replace real clinical patient experiences. It's to provide early exposure, medial knowledge, professionalism and opportunity to practice skills in a patient free environment
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in
operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from
this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release
Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first
two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14
is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all
data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14
is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2),
including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine
learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes
from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous
release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of
the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the
important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both
targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS
website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to
data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is
planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be
followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14
happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov
2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections
only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected
The state of the Martian climate
60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes
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