Relationship between body image disturbance and incidence of depression: the SUN prospective cohort

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Body image disturbance is an increasing problem in Western societies and is associated with a number of mental health outcomes including anorexia, bulimia, body dysmorphia, and depression. The aim of this study was to assess the association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study included 10,286 participants from a dynamic prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, who were followed-up for a median period of 4.2 years (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra – the SUN study). The key characteristic of the study is the permanently open recruitment that started in 1999. The baseline questionnaire included information about body mass index (BMI) and the nine figure schemes that were used to assess body size perception. These variables were grouped according to recommended classifications and the difference between BMI and body size perception was considered as a proxy of body image disturbance. A subject was classified as an incident case of depression if he/she was initially free of depression and reported a physician-made diagnosis of depression and/or the use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up questionnaires. The association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression was estimated by calculating the multivariable adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), using logistic regression models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cumulative incidence of depression during follow-up in the cohort was 4.8%. Men who underestimated their body size had a high percentage of overweight and obesity (50.1% and 12.6%, respectively), whereas women who overestimated their body size had a high percentage of underweight (87.6%). The underestimation exhibited a negative association with the incidence of depression among women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54 – 0.95), but this effect disappeared after adjusting for possible confounding variables. The proportion of participants who correctly perceived their body size was high (53.3%) and gross misperception was seldom found, with most cases selecting only one silhouette below (42.7%) or above (2.6%) their actual BMI.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found no association between body image disturbance and subsequent depression in a cohort of university graduates in Spain.</p

A genomic storm in critically injured humans

Critical injury in humans induces a genomic storm with simultaneous changes in expression of innate and adaptive immunity genes

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Association of IL-6 gene polymorphisms and COPD in a Spanish Population

7 pag.-2 fig.- 3 tab.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potential mediator of systemic effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In the present case-control study we investigated the association of promoter polymorphisms of this gene and COPD in a cohort of 191 patients, smokers without COPD (n = 75) and a healthy control population (n = 296). Besides spirometry, exercise capacity (6MWD, 6 min walking distance) and body mass index (BMI) were measured in COPD patients. Genotyping of the IL-6 polymorphisms at positions -174, -572 and -597 was performed. The -597G/A and -174G/C polymorphisms were not associated with the disease. However, the -572G/C polymorphism was significantly associated with COPD susceptibility under a dominant model of inheritance. The frequency of the genotypes containing the C allele was significantly lower in the COPD cases (9.9%) compared with the healthy control group (16.9%) and smokers (23.1%), (OR = 0.46, p = 0.032 and OR = 0.28, p = 0.012, respectively). The GCG (-597/-572/-174) haplotype was significantly associated with the disease (OR = 0.37, p = 0.022, COPD cases vs. healthy subjects and OR = 0.17, p = 0.011, COPD cases vs. smokers). Moreover, a borderline association was also found for the -572G allele and hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) (p = 0.05). Our data suggest that the IL-6 -572C allele may confer a diminished risk of developing COPD. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.To Bartolomé Celli, MD, PhD from the Pulmonary and Critical Care Department Caritas, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA for his valuable comments in the intellectual contents and for revising critically this manuscript. This research was supported by grants of the Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud (FUNCIS) and the Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR).Peer reviewe

Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases.

A cornerstone of modern biomedical research is the use of mouse models to explore basic pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluate new therapeutic approaches, and make go or no-go decisions to carry new drug candidates forward into clinical trials. Systematic studies evaluating how well murine models mimic human inflammatory diseases are nonexistent. Here, we show that, although acute inflammatory stresses from different etiologies result in highly similar genomic responses in humans, the responses in corresponding mouse models correlate poorly with the human conditions and also, one another. Among genes changed significantly in humans, the murine orthologs are close to random in matching their human counterparts (e.g., R(2) between 0.0 and 0.1). In addition to improvements in the current animal model systems, our study supports higher priority for translational medical research to focus on the more complex human conditions rather than relying on mouse models to study human inflammatory diseases

Publisher Correction: Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC

Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3001-6Published online 09 December 2020 In Fig. 1c of this Article, owing to an error during the production process, the equation incorrectly began ‘C(k*, r*) = …’ instead of ‘C(k*) = …’. In addition, in affiliation 71 ‘Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro’ has been corrected to read ‘Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli studi di Cagliari’. The original Article has been corrected online

Measurements of the groomed jet radius and momentum splitting fraction with the soft drop and dynamical grooming algorithms in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV

This article presents measurements of the groomed jet radius and momentum splitting fraction in pp collisions at s√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Inclusive charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-kT algorithm for transverse momentum 60<pchjetT<80 GeV/c. We report results using two different grooming algorithms: soft drop and, for the first time, dynamical grooming. For each grooming algorithm, a variety of grooming settings are used in order to explore the impact of collinear radiation on these jet substructure observables. These results are compared to perturbative calculations that include resummation of large logarithms at all orders in the strong coupling constant. We find good agreement of the theoretical predictions with the data for all grooming settings considered

Measurement of isolated photon–hadron correlations in √sNN = 5.02 TeV pp and p–Pb collisions

This paper presents isolated photon-hadron correlations using pp and p-Pb data collected by the ALICE detector at the LHC. For photons with |η| < 0.67 and 12 < pT < 40 GeV/c, the associated yield of charged particles in the range |η| < 0.80 and 0.5 < pT < 10 GeV/c is presented. These momenta are much lower than previous measurements at the LHC. No significant difference between pp and p-Pb is observed, with PYTHIA 8.2 describing both data sets within uncertainties. This measurement constrains nuclear effects on the parton fragmentation in p-Pb collisions, and provides a benchmark for future studies of Pb-Pb collisions