PERFIL DE PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA ATENDIDOS NA FO/UFRJ: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE 30 ANOS

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é caracterizado por alterações comportamentais que são um importante complicador para o cirurgião-dentista. Diante disso, foi determinado o perfil odontológico dos pacientes com TEA atendidos na FO-UFRJ. Avaliou-se 657 prontuários, de 1990 a 2020, e dados pessoais e do exame odontológico foram coletados. As 66 crianças que apresentavam TEA foram incluídas no estudo. A análise descritiva, teste t de Student e Qui-quadrado (α= 0,05%) foram realizados. Foi observada uma predileção pelo sexo masculino (p= 0,002) e a média de idade foi de 7,39±2,751 anos. 62,5% dos pacientes faziam uso regular de medicamentos, sendo a Risperidona a mais utilizada (48,57%) e 10,4% sofreram traumatismo dentário. A maioria chegou ao serviço com lesões de cárie (56,1%) e a média de dentes cariados foi de 2,4±2,966, sendo a intervenção restauradora a mais realizada (54,5%). O bom comportamento foi mais comum entre os pacientes atendidos (66,7%) e o manejo específico mais utilizado foi a estabilização protetora (18,2%), tendo as mulheres mais necessidade de usá-la (p= 0,034). Com relação aos atendimentos sob anestesia geral, a maioria tratava-se de procedimentos restauradores (p= 0,26) e/ou terapia pulpar (p= 0,045). Quanto a evolução destes pacientes, 86,4% obtiveram alta, a média de tempo de acompanhamento em anos foi de 2,454 ± 3,054 e a média do número de consultas de revisão foi de 7,434±7,035. O número de pacientes com TEA atendidos no serviço aumentou consideravelmente de 2002 a 2020, tendo estes pacientes elevada necessidade de tratamento odontológico

O impacto das imunoglobulinas salivares sobre Candida spp em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV

Immunodeficient paediatric patients, that is, those who lack the ability to respond adequately to an antigenic stimulus, are more liable to develop opportunistic infections, such as the fungal ones. Of these last, one can cite oral candidiasis, caused by Candida spp, and commonly found in HIV infected children. This study has had as its goal to make a revision of the literature about the relationship between salivary immunoglobulins, which constitute the first line of defence for oral mucosa, and Candida spp in HIV infected paediatric patients, emphasising the importance of these antibodies.Pacientes pediátricos imunodeprimidos, ou seja, aqueles que não têm a capacidade de responder adequadamente a um estímulo antigênico, estão mais sujeitos a desenvolver infecções oportunistas, tais como as infecções fúngicas. Dentre elas, pode-se citar a candidíase bucal, causada pelas Candida spp, comumente encontrada em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a relação entre imunoglobulinas salivares, que constituem o principal agente na linha de defesa da mucosa bucal, com as Candida spp em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV, ressaltando a importância desses anticorpos

Influence of Depression and Use of Alcohol and / or Tobacco by Parents in the Oral Health of Children with Disabilities

Objective: To investigate the influence of parental depression and substance use in the oral health care of children with disabilities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 children with disabilities and their parents/caregivers. To detect the presence of depression and alcohol or tobacco use, the parents/caregivers answered three questionnaires: two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Then, the children with disabilities underwent oral examination to evaluate biofilm control, gingival condition and the dental carie index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth - dmft ̸ DMFT). Results: There was a statistically significant association between tobacco use and dental caries in deciduous teeth (p=0.046). The children of smokers had six times greater need for dental treatment than that of non-smokers (OR= 6.36; CI= 1.3–30.5). There was no statistically significant association between the oral health of the children with disabilities and parental alcohol consumption and depression (p>0.05). Children with medical condition had a higher need for dental treatment than children with intellectual disability (p=0.003). Conclusion: Parental smoking habits increase dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children with disabilities, but parental depression and alcohol use do not influence the oral health of children with disabilities. Children with medical condition have more treatment needs than children with intellectual disability

Influence of Depression and Use of Alcohol and / or Tobacco by Parents in the Oral Health of Children with Disabilities

Objective: To investigate the influence of parental depression and substance use in the oral health care of children with disabilities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 children with disabilities and their parents/caregivers. To detect the presence of depression and alcohol or tobacco use, the parents/caregivers answered three questionnaires: two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Then, the children with disabilities underwent oral examination to evaluate biofilm control, gingival condition and the dental carie index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth - dmft ̸ DMFT). Results: There was a statistically significant association between tobacco use and dental caries in deciduous teeth (p=0.046). The children of smokers had six times greater need for dental treatment than that of non-smokers (OR= 6.36; CI= 1.3–30.5). There was no statistically significant association between the oral health of the children with disabilities and parental alcohol consumption and depression (p>0.05). Children with medical condition had a higher need for dental treatment than children with intellectual disability (p=0.003). Conclusion: Parental smoking habits increase dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children with disabilities, but parental depression and alcohol use do not influence the oral health of children with disabilities. Children with medical condition have more treatment needs than children with intellectual disability

Guardians perception of the normative need for dental care of pediatric patients

Objective:To identify the guardians’ perception of the need for dental treatment of pediatric patients, as well as the normative needs for the treatment of children. Methods: The medical charts of 355 pediatric patients between the ages of zero and 12 years, attended at the Higher Education Institute, were selected, and from these, data were collected from the guardians with reference to their age and educational level. The normative need for treatment of the children were clinically assessed, as well as the perception of the guardians with regard to these needs. The data were tabulated by the Chi-square test. Results: The guardians’ mean age was 35.5 + 8 years, 84% of them being the mothers themselves, the majority of whom had incomplete primary schooling (36%). The normative need for treatment most noted in the children was (dentisteria) dental care(?) in posterior teeth (52%). The majority of the guardians (41%) were late in identifying the restorative needs, or underestimated some of the need for treatment (35%). Only 3% of the sample identified the need for early treatment. No relationship was observed between the guardians’ perception and educational level (χ2-p>0.05). However, the guardians under the age of 35, perceived the needs better, although late (χ2-p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that although the guardians’ perception was influenced by age, it was inadequate because they underestimated the normative needs for dental treatment of the children

Relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde Relationships between health professionals and users throughout health care practices

Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa sobre estudos que abordam as relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde. Objetivou-se identificar os aspectos pesquisados no cotidiano dos serviços acerca dessas relações. A coleta foi realizada nas bases Lilacs e Pubmed segundo os descritores: acolhimento; relações profissional-família; relações profissional-paciente; humanização da assistência; e a palavra 'vínculo' associada ao descritor Sistema Único de Saúde. Selecionaram-se 290 estudos publicados entre 1990 e 2010. Por meio da análise temática, foram criados cinco núcleos de sentido: a relevância da confiança na relação profissional-usuário; sentimentos e sentidos na prática do cuidado; a importância da comunicação nos serviços de saúde; modo de organização das práticas em saúde; e (des)colonialismo. Identificou-se que as relações estabelecidas nas práticas de saúde têm uma dimensão transformadora. No entanto, permanece o desafio de humanizar os serviços de saúde. A enfermagem se destaca na produção do conhecimento nessa temática.<br>This article presents an integrative review about studies that address the relationships between health professionals and users in health care practices. It aimed to identify aspects that were researched on the daily life of the services concerning such relationships. Data were collected from the Lilacs and Pubmed databases based on these descriptors: user embracement; professionalfamily relations; professionalpatient relations; humanization of the care; and the bonding word associated to the Single Health System descriptor. Two hundred and ninety studies, published from 1990 to 2010, were selected. Through thematic analyses, five meaning cores were created: the relevance of the confidence in the professionaluser relationship; feelings and senses in the health care practice; the importance of communications in health care services; ways to organize health care practices and (de)colonialism. It was found that relationships established in health care practices have a transformative dimension. However, the challenge to humanize health care services remains. Nursing stands out in the production of knowledge on such theme

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved