Gestión institucional y toma de decisiones en la institución educativa N° 0027 San Antonio de Jicamarca del distrito de Lurigancho 2017

La tesis de investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión institucional y la toma de decisiones, y así probar la importancia que tiene la relación de estos términos para el desarrollo institucional. Para esta investigación se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional. En el cual se consideró como muestra un total de 60 docentes de la IE 0027 San Antonio de Jicamarca del distrito de Lurigancho a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para recoger y conocer sus percepciones respecto a las variables mencionadas arriba. Los resultados del estudio estadístico demuestran que el valor es menor que 0.05 entonces se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre gestión institucional y toma de decisiones de la institución educativa N° 0027 “San Antonio de Jicamarca” del distrito de Lurigancho 2017, Así mismo, existe una relación significativa entre las dimensiones (planeación, organización, dirección y control) con la toma de decisiones, comprobándose así las hipótesis formulada

Cambio de uso del suelo en la cuenca del río Sabinal, Chiapas, México/Land-use change in the Sabinal river watershed, Chiapas, Mexico

. Con el propósito de conocer que los factores promueven el cambio en la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca del río Sabinal, Chiapas, este trabajo analiza la relación entre mapas de cambio en la cobertura del suelo y estadísticas socioeconómicas. Se elaboraron mapas de la cobertura del suelo de 1992 y 2009 con imágenes satelitales de alta resolución; también se colectaron y analizaron datos socioeconómicos relacionados con el uso del suelo. La comparación de los mapas muestra que la tasa de deforestación es del 0.5 %, la cual es más baja que la reportada en otras zonas de bosque tropical seco; la población rural se ha mantenido a niveles similares de 1990, pero la población urbana creció más del doble. La supercie promedio de potreros por productor se ha duplicado, pero la de cultivos se mantiene similar a 1992, ya que los campesinos prerieron sistemas de producción extensivos. Los terrenos agrícolas han disminuido en extensión y se han desplazado a zonas de mayor pendiente debido a la expansión de las áreas urbanas. Se encontró una alta dependencia de insumos de otras regiones del país, pero la producción de alimentos básicos en la cuenca se ha mantenido a niveles de 1991

How effective are biodiversity conservation payments in Mexico?

We assess the additional forest cover protected by 13 rural communities located in the southern state of Chiapas, Mexico, as a result of the economic incentives received through the country's national program of payments for biodiversity conservation. We use spatially explicit data at the intra-community level to define a credible counterfactual of conservation outcomes.We use covariate-matching specifications associated with spatially explicit variables and difference-in-difference estimators to determine the treatment effect. We estimate that the additional conservation represents between 12 and 14.7 percent of forest area enrolled in the program in comparison to control areas. Despite this high degree of additionality, we also observe lack of compliance in some plots participating in the PES program. This lack of compliance casts doubt on the ability of payments alone to guarantee long-term additionality in context of high deforestation rates, even with an augmented program budget or extension of participation to communities not yet enrolled. (Résumé d'auteur

Historia y cambios en el paisaje en dos ejidos de la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas

Designing successful strategies for forest conservation requires an understanding of the causes of land-use change. A historical analysis of land-use changes in two ejidos of the Lacandon Jungle in Chiapas, México was conducted in this study. Participatory mapping and remote sensing methods were combined to reconstruct the changes that occurred from 1986 to 2018. Participatory workshops and semi-structured interviews were also conducted. We identified three stages in the history of land-use change: a) colonization and adaptation (1986-1994); b) intervention on productive activities (1994-2005); and c) livestock expansion and forest conservation (2005-2018). In each of these, the economic and political factors causing change contributed in different ways and were mediated at the local level by the specific organization in each ejido. There was a sharp decrease in areas dedicated to staple food production in favour of livestock farming. Even though public resources have been allocated in the last stage to promote forest conservation, the built infrastructure, the weak institutional presence, and the strong specialization in cattle production hinder efforts to stop deforestation.El diseño de estrategias exitosas para la conservación de los bosques demanda un entendimiento de las causas que originan el cambio de uso del suelo. En este trabajo se realizó un análisis histórico del cambio de uso del suelo en dos ejidos de la Selva Lacandona, en Chiapas. Se combinaron cartografía participativa y percepción remota para reconstruir los cambios ocurridos en el período 1986-2018, adicionalmente se realizaron talleres participativos y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Identificamos tres etapas en la historia de cambios en el uso del suelo, a) la colonización y adaptación (1986-1994), b) la intervención productiva (1994-2005) y c) la expansión ganadera y la conservación de los bosques (2005-2018). En cada una de ellas, los factores económicos y políticos causantes del cambio contribuyeron manera diferenciada y fueron mediados a nivel local por la organización específica en cada ejido. Se observó una fuerte disminución de las áreas dedicadas a la producción agrícola en favor de la ganadería. A pesar de que en la última etapa se han destinado recursos públicos para promover la conservación de los bosques, la infraestructura construida, la débil presencia institucional y la fuerte especialización en la producción bovina dificultan los esfuerzos por detener la deforestación

Multiplex RNA-based detection of clinically relevant MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

We studied MET alterations in 474 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by nCounter, an RNA-based technique. We identified 3% with MET Δex14 mRNA and 3.5% with very-high MET mRNA expression, a surrogate of MET amplification. MET alterations identified by nCounter correlated with clinical benefit from MET inhibitors. Quantitative mRNA-based techniques can improve the selection of patients for MET-targeted therapies. MET inhibitors have shown activity in non-small-cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) with MET amplification and exon 14 skipping (METΔex14). However, patient stratification is imperfect, and thus, response rates have varied widely. Here, we studied MET alterations in 474 advanced NSCLC patients by nCounter, an RNA-based technique, together with next-generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), exploring correlation with clinical benefit. Of the 474 samples analyzed, 422 (89%) yielded valid results by nCounter, which identified 13 patients (3%) with MET Δex14 and 15 patients (3.5%) with very-high MET mRNA expression. These two subgroups were mutually exclusive, displayed distinct phenotypes and did not generally coexist with other drivers. For MET Δex14, 3/8 (37.5%) samples positive by nCounter tested negative by NGS. Regarding patients with very-high MET mRNA, 92% had MET amplification by FISH and/or NGS. However, FISH failed to identify three patients (30%) with very-high MET RNA expression, among which one received MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment deriving clinical benefit. Our results indicate that quantitative mRNA-based techniques can improve the selection of patients for MET-targeted therapies

Behavioral immune landscapes of inflammation.

Transcriptional or proteomic profiling of individual cells have revolutionized interpretation of biological phenomena by providing cellular landscapes of healthy and diseased tissues. These approaches, however, fail to describe dynamic scenarios in which cells can change their biochemical properties and downstream “behavioral” outputs every few seconds or minutes. Here, we used 4D live imaging to record tens to hundreds of morpho-kinetic parameters describing the dynamism of individual leukocytes at sites of active inflammation. By analyzing over 100,000 reconstructions of cell shapes and tracks over time, we obtained behavioral descriptors of individual cells and used these high-dimensional datasets to build behavioral landscapes. These landscapes recognized leukocyte identities in the inflamed skin and trachea, and inside blood vessels uncovered a continuum of neutrophil states, including a large, sessile state that was embraced by the underlying endothelium and associated with pathogenic inflammation. Behavioral in vivo screening of thousands of cells from 24 different mouse mutants identified the kinase Fgr as a driver of this pathogenic state, and genetic or pharmacological interference of Fgr protected from inflammatory injury. Thus, behavioral landscapes report unique biological properties of dynamic environments at high cellular, spatial and temporal resolution.pre-print4302 K

Near real-time change detection system using Sentinel-2 and machine learning: a test for Mexican and Colombian forests

The commitment by over 100 governments covering over 90% of the world’s forests at the COP26 in Glasgow to end deforestation by 2030 requires more effective forest monitoring systems. The near real-time (NRT) change detection of forest cover loss enables forest landowners, government agencies and local communities to monitor natural and anthropogenic disturbances in a much timelier fashion than the thematic maps that are released every year. NRT deforestation alerts enable the establishment of more up-to-date forest inventories and rapid responses to unlicensed logging. The Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellites provide operational Earth observation (EO) data from multi-spectral optical/near-infrared wavelengths every five days at a global scale and at 10 m resolution. The amount of acquired data requires cloud computing or high-performance computing for ongoing monitoring systems and an automated system for processing, analyzing and delivering the information promptly. Here, we present a Sentinel-2-based NRT change detection system, assess its performance over two study sites, Manantlán in Mexico and Cartagena del Chairá in Colombia, and evaluate the forest changes that occurred in 2018. An independent validation with very high-resolution PlanetScope (~3 m) and RapidEye (~5 m) data suggests that the proposed NRT change detection system can accurately detect forest cover loss (> 87%), other vegetation loss (> 76%) and other vegetation gain (> 71%). Furthermore, the proposed NRT change detection system is designed to be attuned using in situ data. Therefore, it is scalable to larger regions, entire countries and even continents

Marejadas rurales y luchas por la vida, vol. iv: permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida

Volumen 4. Permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida, coordinado por: Elisabeth A. Mager Hois, Miguel Ángel Paz Frayre y Carla Zamora Lomelí, integra 15 capítulos y está dividido en tres secciones, la primera denominada Permanencia, contiene 5 capítulos que intentan establecer como eje común la lucha continua en las comunidades campesinas para continuar con la vida rural. La segunda, Identidad y resistencia, está compuesta por 4 capítulos que reflexionan sobre varios procesos de resistencia de la vida rural ante los cambios globales e internos en su propio proceso de vida, otros trabajos intentan encontrar aquellos elementos que generan y mantienen alguna forma de identidad, y la tercera sección, Lucha por la vida, contiene 6 trabajos que demuestran todas aquellas posibilidades que existen en el medio rural para sostenerse y mantenerse, generando diferentes formas y estrategias que los une en la continua lucha por vivir con pocas pretensiones y con difíciles perspectivas pero siempre encontrando alternativas.ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE ESTUDIOS RURALES, INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y RURALES (ICAR), UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLÁN-UNAM, ECOSUR, CUCOSTA SUR GRANA, EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN A.C., UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLAS HIDALG

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Funder: laura and john arnold foundationBACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). METHODS: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. RESULTS: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care