Human evolution and culture in relationship to shame in the parenting role: Implications for psychology and psychotherapy

There is considerable evidence that early parenting has profound effects on a range of physiological and psychological maturation processes. Furthermore, psychotherapy often addresses some of the distortions and developmental difficulties that have arisen from early childhood. While research has focused on obvious candidates such as abuse and neglect, this paper reviews some of the core themes related to a less investigated area, specifically parental shame on child development. Role shame sensitive parenting styles will be explored against an evolutionary background that contrasts early human and modern human rearing contexts. We also outline a study examining the role of shame in psychological controlling and dysfunctional parenting styles, its relationship to different dimensions of shame and fears of compassion. An online survey was conducted containing self‐report measures of dysfunctional parenting styles, three dimensions of shame (external, internal, and reflected), fears of compassion, mental health indices, and a measure of psychological flexibility. An online survey was accessed by 333 parents (306 being female) with a child between the ages of 3–9 years. Two hierarchical multiple regressions indicated support for our two primary hypotheses, with shame explaining significant variance in both psychological controlling and dysfunctional parenting styles over and above that explained by psychological inflexibility, parental mental health, and fears of compassion. Additionally, results from standard multiple regressions indicated that fears of compassion account for significant variance in external shame, as well as internal and reflected shame. Recommendations for future research include focusing on parental motivation in order to help support parents and children are provided. Shame is a major factor for how parents engage in parenting practices and respond to their children. Practitioners need to be sensitive to the shame parents can experience and asses for it Assessing shame‐threat in parenting and shifting to compassionate motivation can lead to more responsive and positive parenting.N/

Measurement of the cross-section for b-jets produced in association with a Z boson at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector ATLAS Collaboration

A measurement is presented of the inclusive cross-section for b-jet production in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The analysis uses the data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 36 pb(-1). The event selection requires a Z boson decaying into high P-T electrons or muons, and at least one b-jet, identified by its displaced vertex, with transverse momentum p(T) > 25 GeV and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.1. After subtraction of background processes, the yield is extracted from the vertex mass distribution of the candidate b-jets. The ratio of this cross-section to the inclusive Z cross-section (the average number of b-jets per Z event) is also measured. Both results are found to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-leading order

Online abuse against female journalists: A scoping review

The Internet and digital technologies have delivered countless benefits to journalism. However, they also raised new opportunities to attack journalists with impunity, especially female journalists, impacting their credibility and affecting women's public participation. This chapter draws on feminist thinking and presents a review of impactful research on online abuse against female journalists published in the last decade in the Web of Science database. To provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of relevant literature on the subject, we combined a meta-analysis with content analysis. Results show the relative increasing importance of the issue and the recognition of widespread abuse toward female professionals, despite the phenomenon's detrimental normalisation. The research also offers critical insights into the cross-contextual – online and offline – of the harmful practices and how to counter online abuse and improve the democratic potential of public conversation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to fully understand this phenomenon' nature, prevalence, and impact on democratic societies.0F1D-84D6-06AD | Rita Joana Basílio de Simõesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draf