Développement de l'usage des bibliothèques des HEG de la HES-SO: enquête auprès des responsables et analyse des facteurs de non-usage

Le domaine Economie & Service de la HES-SO est réparti dans six Hautes écoles de gestion (HEG) qui proposent une infrastructure de soutien à l’enseignement et à la recherche : la bibliothèque. Pour remplir sa mission, celle-ci fournit divers services ainsi qu’une collection adaptée aux domaines d’études des différentes filières. M. Laurent Bagnoud, responsable du domaine Economie & service, regrettant que la fréquentation des bibliothèques des HEG ne soit pas une pratique ancrée chez les étudiants, désire y remédier. Afin d’établir des recommandations utiles à l’élaboration d’un plan stratégique en matière de bibliothèques, cette enquête a été mandatée. L’objectif général est d’identifier dans la littérature les facteurs de non-usage et de réaliser une analyse de la situation des six bibliothèques des HEG. Des hypothèses ont été formulées suite aux observations du mandant. La revue de la littérature permet de les vérifier et d’identifier des facteurs de non-usage complémentaires. Pour analyser la situation, les responsables des bibliothèques des HEG ont été interrogés sur l’usage de leurs bibliothèques. Deux directrices (HEG-GE et HEIG-VD) ont par ailleurs répondu à ces questions. L’enquête a été complétée par une observation de l’architecture extérieure et intérieure des locaux. L’analyse des entretiens montre, de manière générale : que l’emplacement des bibliothèques sur le campus est déterminant et qu’elles manquent de visibilité au sein de l’école. La mission des bibliothèques et le niveau auquel elle se rattache (HEG ou HES-SO) restent flous. Les tâches et les services des bibliothèques ne semblent pas être reconnus, les professionnels cherchent des moyens pour collaborer et communiquer avec leur public. Le rôle de prescripteurs des enseignants, la formation aux compétences informationnelles et les représentations qu’ont les utilisateurs de la bibliothèque influencent son usage et sa fréquentation. Des enquêtes menées actuellement sur les non-utilisateurs pourront compléter cette étude. L’environnement de la bibliothèque est en mutation. L’avènement du numérique et la société de l’information influencent les pratiques des utilisateurs, mais aussi le concept même de bibliothèque et la pratique professionnelle. En prenant en compte ces différents facteurs et sur la base des analyses des résultats, des recommandations pour favoriser le développement de l’usage des bibliothèques sont formulées

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Correction: Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Article Number: 44 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00351-w Published: OCT 26 2020Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.Peer reviewe

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Le Taï et le Néolithique du sud de la France

International audienc

Le Taï et le Néolithique du sud de la France

International audienc

Le Taï et le Néolithique du sud de la France

International audienc

Innate and humoral immune parameters at delivery in colostrum and calves from heifers experimentally infected with Neospora caninum

Neospora caninum is a leading cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The study of the immune response against N. caninum is critical to understand its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and, ultimately, in preventing and controlling bovine neosporosis. Herein, we determined the gene expression of innate immune components endosomal RNA-sensing TLRs, BMAP28 cathelicidin, TNF-α and IL-10 and characterized the variation in both IgG ratio and avidity at delivery in N. caninum-infected heifers challenged at day 210 of gestation, colostrum and their calves. Increased BMAP28 expression was observed not only in colostrum but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and umbilical cord of calves from N. caninum-infected heifers in comparison with mock-infected control group. In addition, statistically significant decrease of TLR7 and IL-10 expression levels were observed in umbilical cord, suggesting an attempt to avoid an exacerbated immune response against the parasite. At delivery, serum and colostrum samples from infected group evidenced specific IgG anti-N. caninum. Infected heifers showed IgG1/IgG2 ratios 1 and lower avidity values before colostrum intake. Interestingly, both IgG1/IgG2 ratios and avidity values increased in seropositive calves after colostrum intake. Overall, this study provides novel information on neonatal immunity in congenitally infected calves, which is essential to understand how the immune pathways could be manipulated or immune components could be employed in order to improve protection against neosporosis.EEA BalcarceFil: Maldonado Rivera, J.E. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Ecuador.Fil: Hecker, Yanina Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Burucúa, Mercedes María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Cirone, Karina Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Cheuquepán Valenzuela, Felipe Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Fiorani, Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Dorsch, Matías. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Cantón, Germán José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Marin, Maia Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Moore, Dadín Prando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina

Sites, territoires et réseaux des communautés néolithiques

International audienc