Razonamiento con Teoria de la Mente (ToM) de primer y segundo orden en ninos con y sin discapacidad intelectual

49 p.La capacidad o mecanismo tácito de atribuir estados mentales a los otros y a uno mismo, con el objeto de anticipar, comprender y predecir la conducta, es un área de estudio conocida como Teoría de la Mente (TM) o Theory of Mind (ToM). Según autores el razonamiento con ToM es esencial para establecer la interacción social, de modo que para los seres humanos es un importante agente socializador. El presente estudio, de carácter explicativo, busca analizar el efecto de las funciones ejecutivas de control consciente en tareas de razonamiento con ToM, en niños con y sin discapacidad intelectual. La muestra la constituyen 30 niños con discapacidad intelectual y 20 niños sin discapacidad intelectual. Se hipotetizaba que la habilidad para responder las preguntas de control, una estimación de las funciones ejecutivas de control consciente, se asociaba más a las tareas de segundo orden que a las de primer orden, ya que estas requieren mayor carga representacional. Los resultados obtenidos, aún cuando no son concluyentes, sugieren que los procesos de control consciente no sólo se asocian a las tareas que requieren una mayor carga representacional, sino que a todas las tareas que requieren razonar con estados mentales, sean ellos de primer o segundo orden; tal como lo plantean autores que realzan el papel de los procesos ejecutivo

Global change, global trade, and the next wave of plant invasions

Copyright © 2012 Ecological Society of AmericaMany non-native plants in the US have become problematic invaders of native and managed ecosystems, but a new generation of invasive species may be at our doorstep. Here, we review trends in the horticultural trade and invasion patterns of previously introduced species and show that novel species introductions from emerging horticultural trade partners are likely to rapidly increase invasion risk. At the same time, climate change and water restrictions are increasing demand for new types of species adapted to warm and dry environments. This confluence of forces could expose the US to a range of new invasive species, including many from tropical and semiarid Africa as well as the Middle East. Risk assessment strategies have proven successful elsewhere at identifying and preventing invasions, although some modifications are needed to address emerging threats. Now is the time to implement horticulture import screening measures to prevent this new wave of plant invasions.National Science Foundatio

Will extreme climatic events facilitate biological invasions?

Copyright © 2012 Ecological Society of AmericaExtreme climatic events (ECEs) – such as unusual heat waves, hurricanes, floods, and droughts – can dramatically affect ecological and evolutionary processes, and these events are projected to become more frequent and more intense with ongoing climate change. However, the implications of ECEs for biological invasions remain poorly understood. Using concepts and empirical evidence from invasion ecology, we identify mechanisms by which ECEs may influence the invasion process, from initial introduction through establishment and spread. We summarize how ECEs can enhance invasions by promoting the transport of propagules into new regions, by decreasing the resistance of native communities to establishment, and also sometimes by putting existing non-native species at a competitive disadvantage. Finally, we outline priority research areas and management approaches for anticipating future risks of unwanted invasions following ECEs. Given predicted increases in both ECE occurrence and rates of species introductions around the globe during the coming decades, there is an urgent need to understand how these two processes interact to affect ecosystem composition and functioning.National Science Foundatio

HIGH DOSE CARBOPLATIN, ETOPOSIDE, MELPHALAN and AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL RESCUE WITH for the TREATMENT of RELAPSED PEDIATRIC GERM CELL TUMORS

Inst Oncol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

HIGH DOSE ORAL BUSULFAN and INTRAVENOUS MELPHALAN AS CONDITIONING THERAPY for AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT) for the TREATMENT of PEDIATRIC SOLID TUMORS

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, GRAACC, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, GRAACC, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Fermion Generations, Masses and Mixing Angles from Extra Dimensions

We discuss a toy model in six dimensions that predicts two fermion generations, natural mass hierarchy and intergenerational mixing. Matter is described by vector-like six dimensional fermions, one per each irreducible standard model representation. Two fermion generations arise from the compactification mechanism, through orbifold projection. They are localized in different regions of the compact space by a six dimensional mass term. Flavour symmetry is broken via Yukawa couplings, with a Higgs vacuum expectation value not constant in the extra space. A hierarchical spectrum is obtained from order one dimensionless parameters of the six dimensional theory. The Cabibbo angle arises from the soft breaking of six dimensional parity symmetry. We also briefly discuss how the present model could be extended to cover the realistic case.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures. References added, modified comment on neutrino masses, published versio

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z ~ 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z ~ 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July